Eighth Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

STATICS

6 Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.

Lecture Notes:
Analysis of Structures

J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University

Modificado por:
Jorge N. R. Vilhena
jnrvilhena@dem.isel.pt

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Introduction
For the equilibrium of structures made of several
connected parts, the internal forces as well the external
forces are considered.

In the interaction between connected parts, Newtons 3rd

Law states that the forces of action and reaction
between bodies in contact have the same magnitude,
same line of action, and opposite sense.

Three categories of engineering structures are considered:

a) Frames: contain at least one multi-force member,
i.e., member acted upon by 3 or more forces.
b) Trusses: formed from two-force members, i.e.,
straight members with end point connections
c) Machines: structures containing moving parts
designed to transmit and modify forces.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analysis of Frames
Frames and machines are structures with at least one
multiforce member. Frames are designed to support loads
and are usually stationary. Machines contain moving parts
and are designed to transmit and modify forces.
A free body diagram of the complete frame is used to
determine the external forces acting on the frame.
Internal forces are determined by dismembering the frame
and creating free-body diagrams for each component.
Forces on two force members have known lines of action
but unknown magnitude and sense.
Forces on multiforce members have unknown magnitude
and line of action. They must be represented with two
unknown components.
Forces between connected components are equal, have the
same line of action, and opposite sense.
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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Frames Which Cease To Be Rigid When Detached
From Their Supports
Some frames may collapse if removed from
their supports. Such frames can not be treated
as rigid bodies.
A free-body diagram of the complete frame
indicates four unknown force components which
can not be determined from the three equilibrium
conditions.
The frame must be considered as two distinct, but
related, rigid bodies.
With equal and opposite reactions at the contact
point between members, the two free-body
diagrams indicate 6 unknown force components.
Equilibrium requirements for the two rigid
bodies yield 6 independent equations.
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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.4
SOLUTION:
Create a free-body diagram for the
complete frame and solve for the support
reactions.
Define a free-body diagram for member
BCD. The force exerted by the link DE
has a known line of action but unknown
magnitude. It is determined by summing
moments about C.
Members ACE and BCD are With the force on the link DE known, the
connected by a pin at C and by the sum of forces in the x and y directions
link DE. For the loading shown, may be used to find the force
determine the force in link DE and the components at C.
components of the force exerted at C
on member BCD. With member ACE as a free-body,
check the solution by summing
moments about A.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.4
SOLUTION:
Create a free-body diagram for the complete frame
and solve for the support reactions.
Fy = 0 = Ay 480 N Ay = 480 N

M A = 0 = (480 N )(100 mm ) + B(160 mm )

B = 300 N

Fx = 0 = B + Ax Ax = 300 N

Note:
= tan 1 150
80 = 28.07

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.4
Define a free-body diagram for member
BCD. The force exerted by the link DE has a
known line of action but unknown
magnitude. It is determined by summing
moments about C.

M C = 0 = (FDE sin )(250 mm ) (300 N )(60 mm ) (480 N )(100 mm )

FDE = 561 N FDE = 561 N C

Sum of forces in the x and y directions may be used to find the force
components at C.
Fx = 0 = C x FDE cos + 300 N
0 = C x ( 561 N ) cos + 300 N C x = 795 N

Fy = 0 = C y FDE sin 480 N

0 = C y ( 561 N ) sin 480 N C y = 216 N

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.4

With member ACE as a free-body, check

the solution by summing moments about A.

M A = (FDE cos )(300 mm ) + (FDE sin )(100 mm ) C x (220 mm )

= ( 561cos )(300 mm ) + ( 561sin )(100 mm ) ( 795)(220 mm ) = 0

(checks)

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Machines
Machines are structures designed to transmit
and modify forces. Their main purpose is to
transform input forces into output forces.

Given the magnitude of P, determine the

magnitude of Q.

Create a free-body diagram of the complete

machine, including the reaction that the wire
exerts.

The machine is a nonrigid structure. Use

one of the components as a free-body.

Taking moments about A,

a
M A = 0 = aP bQ Q= P
b

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.7

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.7

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.7

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.7

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 6.7

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analyzing a Frame

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analyzing the Members

Newtons third law

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Loads Applied at Joints

(a) Drawing free-body diagrams of the pin and the two members.
(b) Superimposing the pin on member ABC.
(c) Superimposing the pin on member CD.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Reassembling the FBD of The Individual Members

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analyzing the Entire Structure of a Frame

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analyzing the Members

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

For the frame shown in

Fig. 621a, draw the free-
body diagram of (a) each
member, (b) the pin at B,
and (c) the two members
connected together.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

Determine the forces on member AD.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
A constant tension in the conveyor belt is maintained by using the device shown in
Fig. 622a. Draw the free-body diagrams of the frame and the cylinder that the belt
surrounds. The suspended block has a weight of W.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
For the frame shown in Fig. 6
24a, draw the free-body
diagrams of (a) the entire frame
including the pulleys and cords,
(b) the frame without the pulleys
and cords, and (c) each of the
pulleys.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

The smooth disk shown in

Fig. 630a is pinned at D and
has a weight of 20 lb.
Neglecting the weights of the
other members, determine
the horizontal and vertical
components of reaction at
pins B and D.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

The three power lines exert the forces shown

on the truss joints, which in turn are pin-
connected to the poles AH and EG.
Determine the force in the guy cable AI and
the pin reaction at the support H.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Analyzing a Machine

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

FCD

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
The 100-kg block is held in
equilibrium by means of the pulley
and continuous cable system
shown in Fig. 634a. If the cable is
attached to the pin at B, compute
the forces which this pin exerts on
each of its connecting members.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

Draw the free-body diagram of

each part of the smooth piston
and link mechanism used to
crush recycled cans, which is
shown in Fig. 623a.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
Draw the free-body diagrams of
the bucket and the vertical boom of
the back hoe shown in the photo,
Fig. 625a. The bucket and its
contents have a weight W. Neglect
the weight of the members.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
Determine the tension in the
cables and also the force P
required to support the 600-N
force using the frictionless pulley
system shown in Fig. 631a.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
The hand exerts a force of 8
lb on the grip of the spring
compressor shown in Fig. 6
33a. Determine the force in
the spring needed to maintain
equilibrium of the mechanism.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem
The pillar crane is subjected to the load
having a mass of 500 kg. Determine the
force developed in the tie rod AB and the
horizontal and vertical reactions at the pin
support C when the boom is tied in the
position shown.

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.77, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.91, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.94, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.121, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.141, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.150, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.76, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.76, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.79, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.79, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.88, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.88, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.125, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.125, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.134, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.134, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.152, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.152, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.152, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.153, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.153, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.155, Ed. 8

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Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Problem 6.155, Ed. 8

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