XC NH NG KNH KINH T CA NG Y TRM BM

Nguyn Tun Anh1

Tm tt: Bi bo ny gii thiu mt phng php xc nh ng knh kinh t ca ng y trm

bm. Phng php ny c xy dng da trn l thuyt phn tch h thng v ti u ha vi hm
mc tiu l tng chi ph xy dng v qun l quy v nm u nh nht. Nghin cu xy dng
c mt cng thc xc nh ng knh kinh t ca ng y trm bm, n bao gm by thng s.
Qua ng dng cng thc ny cho trng hp ng thp khng g khu vc H ni, kt qu cho thy,
vi cng mt lu lng tnh ton ng nhng c s khc nhau ng k v kt qu tnh ton ng
knh kinh t gia cc trm bm c s gi lm vic trong nm khc nhau nh trm bm ti, tiu,
cp nc sinh hot.
T kha: ng knh kinh t, ng y, trm bm.
1. M U vi cc trm bm c ng ng y di nh cc
Trong cng tc thit k ng ng dn nc trm bm ti vng min ni, trm bm cp nc
ni chung v ng ng y ca trm bm cp, sinh hot. Nu chn ng knh ng y khng
thot nc ni ring, vic xc nh ng knh hp l s dn n hoc lm tng chi ph xy dng
ng hp l c mt ngha quan trng, nht l i hoc lm tng chi ph vn hnh trm bm.

B tho

ng y

M.B

B ht

Hnh 1. S mt trm bm cp nc
1
Nh chng ta bit, trong bi ton thit k hay D sao cho ti u v kinh t. Hin nay trong
ng ng, vi mt lu lng (Q) cho trc, thc hnh tnh ton thit k ng ng cp
ng knh ng (D) ph thuc vo vn tc nc nc, ngi ta vn thng tham kho cc gi tr
chy trong ng (v) c chn. Theo iu kin ng knh kinh t hay vn tc kinh t ca nc
k thut, v c th c chn trong mt phm vi ngoi nh c cp trong cc ti liu [2], [3],
rng, c th nh, m bo bn ca ng, v [4],...V d, theo ti liu [2], vn tc kinh t cho
phi nh hn 2.5 3.0 m/s. V vy vn tc thit ng y c ngh chn t 1.5 m/s n 2.5
k ng cn c xc nh theo iu kin kinh t. m/s, cn theo ti liu [5], ng knh kinh t
Nu chn v ln th D nh, dn n chi ph xy ca mt on ng c lp c th xc nh theo
dng ng ng gim, nhng s ko theo tn cng thc ca Mosnin: Dkt = x. Q3x, trong Q
tht thy lc ln, lm tng ct nc bm dn l lu lng tnh ton ca on ng (m3/s); l
n lm tng chi ph in nng. Ngc li, nu nhn t kinh t, = 0.15 2.0; x l ch s m,
chn v nh th chi ph xy dng ng ng tng c th ly bng 0.14. R rng theo cc ti liu
nhng chi ph in nng gim. Do cn chn v ny, gi tr ca v hay D c xc nh trong mt
khong rng nn ngi thit k s kh khn
1
la chn c gi tr ph hp nht. Hn na,
Khoa K thut Ti nguyn nc, i hc Thy li

54 KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 38 (9/2012)

 t n
vic p dng cc gi tr v hay D ny vo Vit C dien
Nam c th cho kt qu cha hp l v vn tc
C*tng = CXD.ng + (1 i)
t 1
t
Min (3)
hay ng knh kinh t ph thuc vo cc iu Trong :
kin c th ca a phng nh gi in, n CXD.ng: Chi ph xy dng ng ng y ();
gi ng ng, thi gian hot ng, li sut, Cin: Chi ph in nng tnh bnh qun hng
v.v... nm (/nm).
Nhm cung cp c s khoa hc cho vic tnh t n
C*tng = CXD.ng + C dien 1 t Min (4)
ton chn ng knh ng, bi bo ny gii t 1 (1 i )
thiu mt cng thc xc nh ng knh kinh t n
1
t ca ng y trm bm, c xy dng da t = (1 i)
t 1
t
trn l thuyt phn tch h thng v phng
php hi quy thc nghim. Suy ra
C*tng = CXD.ng + C dien . Min (5)
2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU - Xy dng quan h CXD.ng ~ D
2.1. Xy dng hm mc tiu CXD.ng = C1 . L () (6)
Hm mc tiu c xut trong bi ton Trong : L l chiu di ng ng y (m);
ny l tng chi ph u t xy dng v qun l C1 l chi ph xy dng (bao gm chi ph vt
quy v nm u nh nht, tc l: liu, nhn cng v my thi cng) ca mt mt
Ctng = CXD + CQL Min (1) di ng ng (/m), C1 ph thuc vo ng
Trong : knh ng, loi vt liu ng, hng sn xut v khu
CXD: Chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh vc xy dng cng trnh. Da trn n gi xy
tng ng vi phng n ng knh ng y dng ng ng v s dng cng c phn tch
D. Ngoi hng mc ng ng y, cc hng hi quy thc nghim ca phn mm Excel, c
mc cn li ca trm bm l khng thay i th xy dng c quan h gia C1 v ng
theo cc phng n, do y ch tnh CXD l knh D di dng hm ly tha nh sau:
chi ph u t xy dng ng ng y. Chi ph C1 = C0 . D (7)
ny c xc nh qua tnh d ton da trn n Trong , C0 v l cc tham s ph thuc
gi ng ng v chiu di ng ng. vo vt liu ng, khu vc xy dng cng trnh.
CQL : Tng chi ph qun l quy v nm u Thay vo (6), c c:
tng ng vi phng n ng knh ng y D. CXD.ng = C0 . D . L () (8)
t n Cbq - Xy dng quan h Cin~D
CQL = t
(2) Cng thc tnh chi ph in nng cho bm
t 1 (1 i )
nc nh sau:
i: Li sut tnh ton; 9.81.Q.H
n: Thi gian hot ng ca d n (nm). C dien .T .a () (9)
tr
Cbq : Chi ph qun l trm bm bnh qun
hng nm tng ng vi phng n ng knh Trong : Q l lu lng bm bnh qun chy
ng y D. Chi ph ny bao gm: chi ph in, qua mt ng y (m3/s). Nu mi my bm c
chi ph bo dng, sa cha trm bm, chi ph mt ng y th Q bng lu lng mt my bm,
lng cng nhn v chi ph khc. Ngoi chi ph nu ghp chung ng y th Q bng lu lng
in, cc chi ph khc c coi nh khng i ca trm bm chia cho s ng y chung.
theo cc phng n ng knh ng y, v vy H l ct nc bm (m), c tnh nh sau:
trong hm mc tiu ch xt n thnh phn chi H = hh + hmsoh + hmso (10)
ph in nng. Trong : hh l ct nc a hnh bnh qun;
Do , hm mc tiu c th vit thnh: hmsoh l tn tht ct nc trong ng ng ht v
hmso l tn tht ct nc trong ng ng y.
tr = b. t. c. m (11)

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 38 (9/2012) 55

 trong : b, t, c, m ln lt l hiu sut 0.001736
So (15)
my bm, truyn ng, ng c v mng li D 5.3
in. Thay vo phng trnh [5], s c c hm mc
T l tng thi gian lm vic ca ng y (hay tiu l hm s ca bin ng knh D nh sau:
trm bm) trong nm (gi). 9.81.Q.T.a
(h dh h msoh )

a l gi in (/kwh) C*tng C .D .L tb
(16)
o
=> Cdien 9.81.Q.T .a (hdh hmsoh ) 9.81.Q.T .a hmsod (12) 0.01703.Q3 .T.a..L
tr tr
tb .D5.3
hmso c xc nh theo cng thc sau: 2.2. Xc nh ng knh kinh t
hmsod S .Q 2 (13) Cc ng quan h gia chi ph xy dng,
Trong S l sc cn ca ng ng. chi ph in nng v tng chi ph (hm mc
Trong trng hp ng y di, tn tht cc b tiu) vi ng knh ng D c m t trong
thng l rt nh so vi tn tht dc ng, v hnh 2. Hm mc tiu c mt gi tr cc tiu
vy S c th c xc nh theo cng thc sau: tng ng vi gi tr ng knh kinh t (Dkt).
S = So. L (14) V vy, xc nh ng knh kinh t cn gii
Trong L l chiu di ng y (m); So l phng trnh sau vi n s D:
*
sc cn n v ph thuc vo ng knh ng, dCtong
vt liu ng v ch chy trong ng. Theo [5], = 0 (17)
dD
i vi ng gang v thp c, khi ng lm vic <=>
trong khu vc bnh phng sc cn, So c xc 0.09026.Q 3 .T .a..L. 6.3
Co . .D 1 .L .D 0 (18)
nh theo cng thc sau: tb

Chi
ph (d)

C*tng ~D

C*tng (min)

Cxd.ng ~D

.Cin~D

O DKT D (m)
Hnh 2. Quan h gia chi ph v ng knh ng

3. KT QU V THO LUN hot ng ca d n; hiu sut trm bm; lu

Gii phng trnh (18) c c cng thc lng ca ng v hai tham s ca ng quan h
xc nh Dkt nh sau: chi ph xy dng v ng knh ng, trong lu
1
3 lng l tham s nh hng ln nht.
Dkt= 0.09026.T .a.
5.3
.Q 5.3 (19) Kim nghim v ng dng
tr C o . kim nghim v nh gi kh nng ng
Cng thc (19) cho thy, Dkt ph thuc vo cc dng ca cng thc trn, tc gi p dng
tham s: s gi lm vic ca ng y trong nm; cng thc trn tnh Dkt v vn tc kinh t cho
gi in; h s k n li sut tnh ton v thi gian loi ng thp khng g khu vc H Ni.

56 KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 38 (9/2012)

 S liu: 1.1

- Da trn n gi ng thp khng g nm 1.0 D = 0.9975 Q0.4584

2011 ca TP H Ni, tc gi xy dng c 0.9

D = 0.8468 Q0.4584

quan h gia chi ph xy dng mt mt di 0.8 D = 0.796 Q0.4584

D = 0.716 Q0.4584
ng ng vi ng knh ng nh trong hnh 0.7

D(m)
T=1000h

v 3. T xc nh c Co = 9 660.4 x 103 ;
0.6

0.5 T=2000h
= 1.2447. 0.4 T=3000h

0.3
T=8760h
0.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
6000 Q(m 3 /s)

5000 Hnh 4. Quan h gia ng knh kinh t v

C = 9660.4 D 1.2447
4000 2
R = 0.9881 lu lng ng
C XD (103/m)

3000
2000
1000
0
0 0.1 0.2
Hnh 3. Quan h gia chi ph xy dng v
ng knh ng i vi ng thp khng g, khu
vc H Ni
- Chn li sut tnh ton i = 12%, thi gian
hot ng ca d n l n = 30 nm, tnh c
=8.06.
- Gi in ly bng gi trong gi trung bnh,
a = 1300 /kwh.
- Hiu sut bnh qun ca trm bm (tb) s
b chn bng 0.7.
- Thi gian lm vic ca ng y trong nm
gi thit bn mc: T = 1000h; 2000h; 3000h
v 8760h. Trong T=1000 h c xem nh
thi gian lm vic bnh qun ca cc trm bm
tiu; T = 2000h n 3000h l thi gian lm vic
bnh qun ca cc trm bm ti v T=8760h
(365 ngy) l thi gian lm vic ca trm bm
cp nc sinh hot.
- Lu lng ca ng y c chn t 0.1
n 1.0 m3/s.
Kt qu:
p dng cng thc (19) c c cc gi tr
Dkt tng ng vi cc gi tr lu lng Q v
thi gian T nh c biu din trong th
hnh 4 bi cc phng trnh tng ng.
Hnh 4 cho thy, c s khc nhau ng k
trong kt qu tnh ton ng knh kinh t gia
cc trng hp xem xt trn; cng mt lu
lng tnh ton nhng i vi cc trm bm c
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 thi gian lm vic nhiu hn th cn chn ng
D (m)
knh ln hn.
Cng t cc quan h ny, tc gi xc nh
c phm vi ca vn tc kinh t (Vkt) tng
ng cc trng hp trn nh sau:
- T=1000h, Vkt = 2.0 2.5 m/s;
- T=2000h, Vkt = 1.7 2.0 m/s;
- T=3000h, Vkt = 1.5 1.7 m/s;
- T=8670h, Vkt = 1.2 1.3 m/s.
R rng l khi s gi lm vic ca trm bm
trong nm ln hn th cn chn vn tc nh
hn. Cc kt qu ny l kh ph hp vi phm
vi vn tc kinh t c ngh trong [2], l
Vkt =1.5 n 2.5 m/s, tuy nhin kt qu ny chi
tit hn v n c chn ty thuc vo thi gian
lm vic ca trm bm trong nm.
Trong thc t, ng cp nc c sn xut
theo nhng ng knh quy chun nht nh. V
vy, khi chn ng knh kinh t, phi ly trn
theo ng knh ng quy chun gn nht vi gi
tr tnh theo cng thc (19).
4. KT LUN
Tnh ton xc nh ng knh ca ng y
sao cho m bo iu kin v kinh t v k
thut l cng vic cn thit khi thit k cc trm
bm cp nc, c bit l i vi cc trm c
ng ng y di. Nhm chnh xc ha vic
tnh ton xc nh ng knh kinh t ca ng

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 38 (9/2012) 57

y, nghin cu ny xy dng c mt
cng thc xc nh ng knh kinh t ca ng
y trm bm, n bao gm by thng s. Qua
ng dng cng thc ny cho trng hp ng
thp khng g khu vc H ni, kt qu cho
thy, vi cng mt lu lng nhng c s khc
nhau ng k v kt qu tnh ton ng knh
kinh t gia cc trm bm c s gi lm vic
trong nm khc nhau nh trm bm ti, tiu,
cp nc sinh hot. Kt qu cng cho thy,
trong trng hp thit k s b c th s dng
Vkt = 1.2 n 2.5 m/s tnh ton ng knh
ng cn trong trng hp cn tnh ton chnh
xc th nn s dng cng thc (19) xc nh
ng knh ng y. Trong phm vi nghin cu
ny, tc gi mi ch xc nh c cc thng s
ca quan h n gi v ng knh ng ca mt
loi ng khu vc H Ni, v vy cn c cc
nghin cu tip theo xc nh cc thng s
ny cho nhiu loi ng v nhiu khu vc khc
nhau nhm n gin ha vic tnh ton ng
knh kinh t ng y trm bm.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. L Ch Nguyn, 2008, Mt s vn c s nghin cu h thng ti tiu bng ng lc, NXB
nng nghip.
2. Nguyn Ngc Bch, Hong Lm Vin, Nguyn Vn Tch, 2006, Gio trnh My bm v Trm
bm, NXB t in Bch Khoa.
3. Trnh Xun Lai, 2009, Tnh ton mng li phn phi nc v phn tch nc va, NXB xy
dng.
4. Nguyn Th Hng, 2001, Hng dn thit k n mn hc Mng li cp nc, NXB Xy
dng.
5. Nguyn Vn Tn, 2001, Cp nc tp 1- Mng li cp nc, NXB khoa hc v k thut.
6. Garland E. Laliberte and Marshall J. English, M.ASCE (1983) Design of Energy-Efficient
Pipe-Size Expansion, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 1, March 1983,
pp. 13-28.
7. Ronald E. Featherstone and Karim K. El-Jumaily (1983), Optimal Diameter Selection for Pipe
Networks. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. Vol. 109, No. 2, February 1983, pp. 221-234.

Abstract:
DETERMINING OPTIMAL DIAMETER FOR DISCHARGE PIPE
OF PUMPING STATION

This paper presents a method of determining optimal diameter for discharge pipe of pumping
station which is based on the theory of systems analysis and optimization. In the method, the
objective function is the lowest total cost, Ctot Min. A seven parameters formula to determine
optimal diameter of discharge pipe was established. The formula was applied for a series of cases
of stainless steel pipe in Ha noi region to validate its application. By analysing the effect of the
operation duration parameter on the results, it showed that, with the same flow, optimal diameter of
discharge pipe depends considerably on the pipe operation duration.
Key words: Optimal diameter, discharge pipe, pumping station.

Ngi phn bin: GS. TS. L Ch Nguyn BBT nhn bi: 20/6/2012
Phn bin xong: 28/8/2012

58 KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 38 (9/2012)