NGHIEN COfU - TRAO D O I

N C H I E N C(i\J SI/ A N H H l / d N C CUA T H I E U KET

T d i T I N H CHAT CUA L 6 P PHU K I M LOAI

TS. Hodng Viin Gptt, ThS. Vu Van Khoa

Vi?n Nghien cau Cd khi

TOM TAT

Xd ly nhiet tdi xdp xi nhiet do ndng chdy Idp phu (cdn ggi Id thiiu k^t) sau phun phu Id mdt bU
cua qud trinh phun phu kim loai. Thieu kit cd vai trd quan trgng tdi tinh chdt cua Idp phu: tdng dd
dinh giUa cdc phdn td Idp phu, tdngdgbdm dinh cua Idp phu vdi kim loai nin, Idm thay doi do cdng I
phu. Su dnh hUdng cua thiiu kit dd ndng cao chdt lUdng Idp phu.

1. ANH HlTONG CUA THlU KET TOI D O gian thieu ket) de dam bao thieu ket dupc Idp phu
BEN KEO VA DO C C N G dUpc ddng deu.

Viec nghien cau sU dnh hudng cua thieu \:,Mi^ -,>it-.:-ffU"'***^->

ket tdi chat lugng Idp phu, dugc tien hdnh bang
thUc nghiem tai Trung tam Hdn vd Xd ly be mat -
Vien Nghien cau CP khi. Qud trinh dd dUpc tien
hanh nhU sau:

Qua trinh nung chay Idp phu: Chi tiet

dupc ga tren thiet bi chuyen dung, dam bdo dong
tam vdi true mdy, quay vdi toe dp cham, chi tiet
dupc nung bang mpt dau d6t dxy-axetylen (hinh
1). Dau ddt hudng trUc tiep vao b^ mat chi tiet
va tien hdnh nung den khi xuat hien mdu hong
(nhiet dp xap xl 760-870''C). Sau dd, dau ddt di
chuyen dgc true vdi van toe sao cho that deu, tam
cua ngpn laa hUdng vdo tam cua chi tiet ta tren
xuong tren be mat cua Idp phu. Dau ddt cU tiep
tuc di chuyen dpc true chi tiet cho den khi xuat
hien mau sdng, xap xi nhiet dp ndng chay Idp phu
(nhiet dp thieu kgt khodng 1025 - 1175''C), khi
dd, phai dieu chinh tam cua ngpn Ida xa be mat
ciia chi ti^ de gidm cUdng dp cung cap nhiet,
de phdng Idp phu bi chay. Can duy tri tinh trang
ndng chay d thdi gian rat ngan nhat dinh (thdi
Hinh 1: Thieu ket Idp phu bdng mpt dSu d6t oxy-
axetylen tren thiet bi chuyen dung
2. LAM N G U O I
Chi tiet sau xii ly nhiet phai dUpc dam tP
khdng xay ra nat Idp phu do co ngdt cua kim loai
Idp phu. Do vay, tien hanh lam ngudi cdc chi tiet
trong dieu kien khdng khi tinh. Sau khi chSp diS
cung cap nhiet cho Idp phii la bat dau qua trinh
1dm ngudi vd chi tiet van quay cham (8 v6ng/
phiit) de chdng bien dang cd th^ xay ra khi chi tiet
dang d nhiet dg cao gan lOOO^C.

TAP CHi CO KHi V I T NAM S6 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)


3. CHE DO T H O I GIAN THifiU KET
De cd ca sd so sdnh vd ddnh gia, cac mau
dupc xd ly nhu sau:
- Sd lupng mau thd: hai loat 8 mau vdi nhdm 4
mau vdi chieu day Idp phu 2mm va 0,5mm;
- Thdi gian duy tri nhiet dp thieu ket cho 4 nhdm
mau tuang ang: 5s, 10s, 15s va 20s.
4. ANH HCdNG CUA THIEU KET T O I D O
BEN BAM TRUOT, D O CUISTG V A CHIEU
D A Y L 6 P KHUECH T A N
Dp bam dinh cua idp phu vdi be mat kim
loai n^n thUdng dUpc kiem tra Ung suat theo ca
hai phuang phap: tiep tuyen vd phUPng phap
tuyen. NhUng de kiem tra sa dnh hUdng cda xii
ly nhiet, cd the chi xem xet 2 trong 3 mau tha:
mau tha ben keo, bdm trUpt vd mau tha dp ben
bam dinh. Ndi dung thi nghiem dupc thUc hien
nhu sau:
Lay 4 mau tha cd kich thudc O 25 x 14,
Idp phun phu day 2mm, vat lieu kim loai nen:
thep C45, vat lieu phu: nhdm hpp kim nhdm:
Ni-Cr-Si-B. Cdc mau dUpc phun theo bd thdng
sd tdi Uu da chpn, xii ly nhiet theo phUPng phdp
ngpn laa dxy-axetylen. Chieu ddy Idp khuech
tan dupc do tren mdy quang hpc cua Lien Xd
H M T - 3, kiem tra dp ben keo va bdm trUpt
tren may YMM - 30 vd dp cdng Rocoel dUpc do
tr6n mdy TK - 14 cua (Lien Xd cu).
Phan tich k^t qua thi nghiem
De nghien cdu dnh hUdng cua viec thieu
ket den dp ben bam cua Idp phu, can phdi xem xet
4 van de chinh sau:
4.1. So sdnh do ben keo trUdc vd sau khi thiiu kit
De so sanh do ben Idp phu trUdc va sau
khi thieu k ^ da dUpc ki^m tra dd ben keo (4 mau)
trUdc khi thieu ket vd kiem tra dp ben keo (4 mau)
sau khi thi^u ket (bang 1). Tat ca cac mau dUpc
TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM
NGHIEN COfU-TRAODOl
phun bdng cung mdt che dp phun. Ket qua cho
thay, dp ben keo trung binh sau khi thieu ket tang
ban 4 Ian so vdi trUdc khi thieu ket.
4.2. Anh hudng cua thdi gian thiiu kit dSn do
ben kio
Thdi gian duy tri nhiet dp thieu k^t gay
dnh hudng den dp ben Idp phu. De cd ca sd ddnh
gid sU dnh budng dd 4 mau dUpc thieu ket vdi thdi
gian khdc nhau nhU neu tren: Ket qud thi nghiem
trong bdng 1 cho thay, dp ben keo cung tang theo
khi thdi gian thieu ket tdng (dd thi hinh 2).
4.3. Anh hudng cua thdi gian thiiu i t den do
Ciing vd chieu day Idp khuech tdn
De nghien cau sU anh hUdng cua thdi gian
thieu ket den dp cdng cua Idp phu, da thieu ket
hai loai mau: mpt loai cd chieu ddy Idp phd 2mm
va mpt loai cd chieu ddy Idp phu 0,5mm. Vdi thdi
gian thieu ket khac nhau: 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s vd cdc
mau dupc phun bang mpt che dp, cang mdt dieu
kien ky thuat.
Ket qud thUc nghiem trong bdng 1 vd 2 cho thay:
-Loai mau cd chieu ddy Idp pha 2mm thi dp cdng
gan nhu nhau;
- Cdc mau cd chieu ddy 0,5 mm thi dp cdng gidm
dan khi thdi gian thieu ket keo dai ban, dd thi
hinh 4.
- Chieu ddy Idp khuech tan cua cac mau tang Ien
khi thdi gian thieu ket tang Ien, do thi hinh 3;
- Dp ben bdm dinh cac phan td Idp phu cung tang
Ien khi thdi gian thieu ket tang, dd thi hinh 2.
Hinh 2: Do thi phu thupc giCa thdi gian duy tri nhiet
dp thi^u ket va dp ben keo "^
V Sd 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OPl

(nm)

60

40

20
--'^ ^,
0 5 10 15 20 l(s)

Hinh 3: Do thi sU phu thupc giQa thdi gian thieu keft vd chi^u ddy Idp khuech tan

Bang 1: Ket qua kiem tra mau tha sau khi thieu ket

So mau Ihdi gian duy tri d Cac thong sd kim tra Ghi chu
nhiet do ndng chay
(S)
Do ben k^o cua Dp cuing be mat Idp phu
Idp phu (MPa) (HRC)
Chieu day Idp phii Chieu day Idp phu
2mm 2mm 0,5 m m
1 5 392 53 48
2 10 391 52 47
3 15 414 51 41
4
4 20 432 52 37
i
Gia tri trung binh 404,75 52,125 43,25

Bdng 2: Ket qua kiem tra chieu ddy Idp khuech tan

S6mau Thdi gian duy tri Chieu diy Idp Dp ben bam Dp cllfng
(s) khuech tin (^m) tnipt (MPa) (HRC)

1 5 9,450 25,3 52,6

2 10 11,865 41,0 46,7

3 15 23,730 52,6 41,3

4 20 35,62 62,7 23,7

I33I TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM S6 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)

 NGHIEN ClJU - TRAO OOl

theo thdi gian;

t - Thdi gian duy tri nhiet dp ndng chay;
HRC D - He sd khuech tdn cmVs;
B - He sd khdng thd nguyen.
60
He sd tan ddng (D) se thay ddi tang Ien khi
40 thdi gian thieu ket tang vd dieu ndy keo theo chieu
^^ ddy Idp khuech tdn (e) tang theo, SU tang (e) trong
j thdi gian thieu ket (t) nhat dinh man theo quy luat
20

Kiem tra dp ben keo dUpc kiem tra tren mau

0 5 10 15 20 t(s)
dieo tieu chuan caa Nhdt bdn JISH 8664 - 1977.
Anh mau tha ben keo trUdc vd sau khi keo ddt the
hien tren hinh 5a va 5b.
Hinh 4: Do thi phu thupc giUa thdi gian duy tri nhiet dp
thieu ket va dp cang Idp phu (dp day Idp phu 0,5 mm)

Td phan tich ket qud thi nghiem (Bang 1,2)

tren cho thay:

Dp ben keo cua Idp phd :

- TrUdc khi thieu ket trung binh: 76,8 MPa;

- Sau khi thieu ket trung binh: 404,75 MPa.
Dp Cling be mat Idp phu;
- TrUdc khi thieu ket trung binh: 39,4 HRC;
- Sau khi thieu ket trung bmh: 52,125 HRC;
- Dp cdng Idp phu gidm sau thieu ket ddi vdi Idp phd
cd chieu ddy 0,5nmi.
Chieu day vung khuech tan tang;
Hinh 5: Mdu tha 44 x 65 mm
a. TrUdc khi keo dat b. Sau khi keo dat
4.4. Anh hudng cua thieu ket tdi cau true kim
tUdng cua Idp phd
- Cau true kim tUcfng cua cdc mdu trUdc khi xii
ly nhiet cd dp xdp cao (hinh 6a) cdn cua mau sau
hi \u h nhittt-ui tiu khoni,nhm lhi\ o lo xoj.

- Chi6u day Idp khuech tan tang khi thdi gian thieu
ket tang: NgUdi ta da chang minh dUpc rang, chieu
day Idp phu tao thanh bang cdc nguyen td khuech
tan d vung chuyen tiep la ham sd phu thudc vdo thdi
gian duy tri nhiet do ndng chdy (cdng thdc 1).

(I) a b
= 2ByjDt Hinh 6: Cau triic kim tuang cia Iclp phi tii hop kim
nhom Ni Cr Si B
Trong do; a-TrU6c khi xii ly nhiet, b- Sau khi xii ly nhiet

: - Chieu day cua Idp khuech tan thay doi Nhtoxet:

TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM > Sfl 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO D P I

Ta phan tich sU khac bi?t ve ket qud kiem vd M2,(bdng 3) vd sau xii ly nhi^t (bang 4)
tra mau tha, ta nhan thay rdng; cau trdc kim
tUPng dugc cdi thien nhd vi$c nung chdy da 1dm Bdng 3: Thdnh phdn hda hpc ban din cua Ni77Crl5Si;
thodt dxyt ra ngodi Idp phii, cdc phan ta kim loai
phu dUPc ndng chdy da dien day cdc Id xdp trong
TT K> Ham lirovg (%) Ghi cbii
Idp pha. NhUng nguyen nhan ay da Idm cau true
hi^u Ni Cr Si B
Idp phu dapc l^n chdt. Dd b ^ i k^o cua Idp phu mau
tang nhieu do cdc nguydn nhdn sau; 1 77 1;J 3.1 1 1
M.
2 77 1;2 1 1
M: 3.1
- Kim tuang Idp phu dupc cdi thi?n Idm tdng sp
lien ket cua cdc phan ta kim lo^i;
Bdng 4: Thdnh p h l n hda h p c sau xii If nhi^t cua
- Cdc nguyen td kim loai nen da khuefch tan dan Ni77Crl5Si3B2
xen vdo Idp phd, tao nen sU lien k^t ben vflng han;
: i Ki Him I m g (%) GUch
- 6 chieu day du Idn va thdi gian thieu ket thich hicu Hioi giin NI Si B Fe
hpp, do cUng cua Idp phu tang Ien Id do Idp phu mau i!l
dugc Ien chat sau khi xd ly nhiet; 1 M : I't-li
: ;:;
n.
M: ft'- '.'^ ^

- Mat khdc, d chieu ddy nhd 0,5 mm, do cdng cua

Idp phu bi gidm di khi thdi gian duy tri nhiet do
ndng chay keo dai, nguyen nhdn Id do tang thdi
gian cua qua trinh khuech tan cda cac nguyen td
kim loai nen cd cP tinh thap vdo Idp phd. Ty le
pha trdn cac nguyen to kim loai vdo Idp phu cdng
cao thi ca ly cda Idp pha cdng bi giam. Do vay,
thdi gian duy tri nhiet ndng chay khi thieu ket
phai hpp ly de can doi cdc chi tieu ve dp ben bam
vd ca tinh be mat Idp phu.
Nhan xet:
Ta ket qua phdn tich thanh phan hda ho
caa mau sau xii ly nhiet cho thay:
Hdm lupng cua mpt sd nguyen td gidm di nhil
Ni, B hi giam di, nguyen nhan do mat mat tronj
qua trinh phun phu;

4.5. Anh hudng ciia thieu ket den thdnh phdn
hod hgc cua Idp phu
Di kiem tra thdnh phan hod hpc caa Idp
pha sau khi xii ly nhiet, da dUpc phdn tich hai mau
M l va M2 ta hpp kim Ni77CrlSi3B2. Cac mau
dupc phun theo che dd: khodng each phunl70
mm, dp suat khi thdi: 0,3 MPa, dp suat khi dxy: 0,2
MPa, kim loai nen: thep C45 cd kich thUdc 0 4 0 ,
Idp phu ddy 2 mm... Sau khi phun, Idp pha dUpc
xa ly nhiet vdi thdi gian thieu ket cho mau M1: 5s
va cho mau M2: 7s. Vat lieu cua cac mau dugc lay
tai mat tiep xuc giOa be mat Idp phu vdi kim loai
nen. Vat lieu dupc phdn tich thdnh phan hda hpc
theo phupng phap khdng pha mau co dien.
Thanh phan hod hpc ban dau cua mau M l
Hdm lupng cua nguyen td sdt (Fe) tang leu
nhieu; Hi?n tUgng nguyen to Fe tang them nhieu
trong thanh phan Idp phu tai vung tiep giap viii
be mat kim loai nen thep C45 cho thay nguyen tS
Fe da khuech tan sang Idp phu khi thdi gian thieu
ket keo ddi;
Ham lupng nguyen td Fe khuech tan ta kim loai
nen thep C45 sang Idp phu la nguyen nhan lam
giam do cang cua Idp phu cd chieu ddy nh6.
Ta phan tich tren cho phep kit luan; Tiiy
thugc vao chieu day Idp phu thdi, gian thieu ^
lUa chpn phdi phu hpp di dam bao dp cang choli^
phu. Ket luan nay cd y nghia thUc tien r5t cao troDg
cdng tac phyc hdi vd xit \f be mat chi tilt may. *'

TAP CHi CO KHI V I | T NAM Sd 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)

 NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOl

Tdi li^u tham khao:

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[2]. H o a n g Van G p t (2002), Nghien c a u dnh hUdng cua mpt so yiu to cong ngh^ den dp b i n bam dinh Idp p h u n

kim loai dUpc p h u n bdng p h u o n g phdp nhi?t khi, lu^n van Tien sy ky thuat.

[3]. H.A. AMenbMeHKO M Apyriie (1990), OnpefleneuHe pacxoflHbix xapaKTcpwcTHK npii HaneceHWH

raaoiepMMHecKHX nopwTHH, CBapo4Hoe npoMSBOACTBO, (NGU) MocKsa "MaiuMHOCTpoeHMe".

[4]. A. r. BpHFopbAHU (1989), OcHOBbi nasepHoii o6pa6oTKH MeTannoe, MocKsa "MauiHHOCTpoeHHe".

[5]. A. E. BawnepMaH w flpyrwe (1969). nnaaMCHHaji uan/iaeKa Meian/iOB, "MauiHHOCTpoeHMs", JleHHHrpajt.

[6]. 71. K. flpyjKHH, B.B.KypHHHOB (1973), FIonyMeHHe noKpbiTHH BWCOKO - TCMnepaTypHbiM pacnbineHneM,

MocKsa AiOMHSjiaT.

[7]. BysbioH (1993), MccjieflOBaHne H paapadoTKa npoMecca B03flymH0 nnasMeHHoro HanbineHMH

H3HOCOCTOHKHX noKpbiTWH H3 nopouiKOB Ha ocHOBe acencsa, KaHflMflaTCKaa flHCcepTauHfl TexHHiecKHx HayK,

CaHKT - nexepdyprcKMH rocynapCTBeuHbiii TexHMHecKnii yHMBepcwTCT, CBHT - neTepdypr.

[8]. M. K). 3aiii;iJinHH, B. B. MHTpo4)aHOB H Apyrwe (1986), ITnasMeHHwe KepMexHbie noKpbiTHH na OCHOBC

KapdoHHxpHAa iHTana, CBapoMHoe npowsBOflCTBO, (NOI) MocKBa "MauiMHocTpoeHwe".

[9]. B. C. KyHHKMH, r. K. TleTpoB, B. A. K)mMH (1985), CxpyKTypa H xapaKTepMCTHKM nnasivieHHbix KopyHflOBbix

[ noKpwTHH, CBapOMHoe npoH3BOflCTBO, (N08) MocKsa "MaiUHHOCTpoeHHc".

' [10]. M. /I. KynpHflHOB, A. A. BepciaK H flpyrne (1986), BTiHJiHMe naKnena nosepxHOCTH OCHOBH na (|)H3WKO-

xMMMiecKoe BsaHMOfleHCTBwe MaxepMa/iOB npw rasoTepMHnecKOM HanbineuMH, CBapoHHoe npoMSBOflciBO,

. (N01)MocKBa"MamMHOCTpoeHHe".

TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM V Sd 4 (Thang 4 nam 2012)