The Essential Psychedelic Guide - D.M. Turner

Sssshhhh!! Don't blow our Cover!!
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D. M. Turner - Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Publication Information
Foreword to the HTML Edition - by Forbidden Donut
Introduction
A Brief History of Psychedelics - From the Creation of Gods to the

Demise of Psychedelic Reverence in Modern Times
Psychedelic Safety - Understanding the Tools
I - Traditional Psychedelics
LSD - Molecule of Perfection
Psilocybin Mushrooms - The Extraterrestrial Infiltration of Earth?
Mescaline: Peyote & San Pedro Cactus - Shamanic Sacraments
II - Empathogens
Ecstasy - The Heart Opening Psychedelic
2C-B - The Erotic Empathogen
III - Exotic Highs of a Connoisseur
DMT - Candy for the Mind
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D. M. Turner - Table of Contents
Harmala Alkaloids - Link to the Ancient Spirits
Ketamine - The Ultimate Psychedelic Journey
Multiple Combinations - Cosmic Synergism
Further Explorations - Where do we go from Here?
DMT ~ Water Spirit - A Magical Link
Psychedelic Reality - CydelikSpace
Bibliography
Purchasing The Essential Psychedelic Guide
Back Cover Text
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D. M. Turner - Publication Information
The Essential Psychedelic Guide - By D. M. Turner
First Printing - September 1994
Copyright 1994 by Panther Press ISBN 0-9642636-1-0
Library of Congress Catalog registration in progress Printed in the United

States of America
Cover art by Nick Philip, SFX Lab Illustrations on pages 31, 41, 45, and
59 by P.B.M.
D. M. Turner is a trademark of Panther Press.
Selected excerpt from The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley.

Copyright 1954 by Aldous Huxley. Copyright renewed 1982 by Laura
Huxley. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc. and
Chatto & Windus Ltd.
Selected excerpt from The Holotropic Mind by Stanislav Grof and Hal
Zina Bennett Copyright 1992 by Stanislav Grof and Hal Zina Bennett.
Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any

manner without the written permission of the publisher.
Warning: Many of the substances discussed in this book are currently

illegal in the United States and many other parts of the world. The author
and publisher do not advocate breaking the law, and will not be held
responsible for use or misuse of the information contained herein. This
book was written to expand the body of knowledge available on
psychedelics and is not a recommendation or endorsement of their use.
Additional copies of this book may be ordered for $14.95 each. ($12.95+
$2.00 shipping and handling) CA residents add $0.94 tax for credit card
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D. M. Turner - Publication Information
orders add $1.00 processing fee.
For Visa - Mastercard orders only phone (415) 753-6481.
For mail orders and international orders see the order form on page 112.
For wholesale inquiries and any other information write to:
Panther Press
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D. M. Turner - Foreword
Foreword to the HTML Edition
by Forbidden Donut
You, dear reader, are an extremely fortunate individual to have

stumbled upon this particular digital doorway. What lies ahead is one of
the most important volumes in the canon of psychedelic literature. The
Essential Psychedelic Guide was written by D.M. Turner, an
extraordinarily courageous and articulate pioneer in the exploration of the
imaginal realm. However, due to a tragic series of events resulting in the
untimely death of its author, this book was very nearly lost forever. Only
a few psychonauts lucky enough to have found copies from the initial
print runs would have ever been the wiser. Luckily, though, some
mysterious force for good in the universe has seen fit to digitize it for
your reading pleasure. I, for one, am awfully thankful.
The Essential Psychedelic Guide, while deceptively slim in its printed

form, is a veritable well-spring of knowledge for the aspiring psychonaut.
It brings together in a single volume the basics of psychedelic history,
essential information on physical and mental safety, and detailed chapters
on 8 of the major entheogens, including hard to find, accurate data on
dosage and administration. Turner also presents quite a bit of highly
novel thinking with regard to the philosophical underpinnings of the
bizarre, extreme, and sometimes sublime dimensions that entheogens can
make accessible. Indeed, one could scarcely dream of a better
introductory text for the newcomer to the visionary way, or a more
practically useful reference for the experienced psychedelic voyager.
What really puts Turner's work in a class by itself are his vivid, lucid
and evocative narrations from the very frontier of consciousness itself.
His trip stories convey the essence of the psychedelic experience in a
manner that I had not previously thought to be possible using such a
crude instrument as the English language. Also particularly noteworthy is
the wide variety of novel and challenging chemical combinations which
this master alchemist brought together within his physical alembic and
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then reported on. This makes the work especially important, as he was
likely the first and only person ever to have tried some of these mixtures.
Some may consider certain of them to be excessive or even dangerous;
indeed, Turner's death appears to have been directly related to one of his
experiments. Following his death, it has been pointed out that he was a
bit of a "hard-head"; it took him much higher dosages than most need to
acheive the desired effects. 'Caution' is the watchword, especially for
newcomers to the psychedelic arena. Nevertheless, we must remember
that Turner was the Chuck Yeager of psychonauts, a test pilot's test pilot.
His voyages should therefore be judged accordingly.
The sad circumstances regarding his demise, however, have cast a

foreboding shadow over some of his more intrepid adventures, and
unfortunately have turned a hero's story into a cautionary tale. On or
about December 31, 1996, Turner prepared for another voyage,
presumably to celebrate the coming of the new year. Sadly, it was to be
his last. Shortly thereafter he was found dead, drowned in his bathtub,
with a vial of ketamine nearby. It seems likely that he either slid beneath
the waterline while under its effects, or slipped, fell, and hit his head
upon arising afterwards, leaving himself unconscious to drown in several
inches of water. In light of Turner's glowing praise for ketamine in this
book, how exactly is the reader supposed to view the fact that it seems to
have played at least a supporting role in his passing? My own favorite
interpretation is from an anonymous friend's recollection of Turner in the
Summer 1997 issue of The Resonance Project:
Mr. Turner was in the process of revising his Essential Psychedelic

Guide, but as the changes may never come to light, it should be stated
that his opinion of ketamine had changed considerably. He was
sensitive to safety issues, and was increasingly troubled by what he
called the 'psychedelic heroin' properties of ketamine. He confided in
friends that DMT, which he considered his most helpful ally, had a
difficult time counteracting the addictive and increasingly life-
negative effects of this drug. DMT conveyed to him that ketamine was
a sort of 'Frankenstein molecule' that didn't obey the shamanic rules,
and he was given several warnings to drop it from his program.
Ultimately, his failure to completely do so led to his untimely passing.
Whether or not one entirely agrees with the preceding quote, I believe

that it offers the most useful perspective from which to learn from the
great loss that the psychedelic community suffered on New Year's Eve
1997. If nothing else, I hope that Turner's death inspires us all to be just a
little more careful when surfing the cosmic jetstream. Indeed, if only he
had a sitter nearby on his final voyage, he might still be among the living.
Also, I would hope that this tragedy might teach us to more fully listen to
our personal intuition's guidance as regards these powerful tools, using it
as a balance by which to gauge the veracity of what the materials
themselves may tell us in one of their capricious moods. During the thirty-
four years he spent in his incarnation as D.M. Turner, he touched
innumerable lives with his warmth, wisdom, honesty, courage, and
kindness. And thankfully, he has left us with a rich and impressive
legacy. Enjoy...
Forbidden Donut,
September 29, 1997

D. M. Turner - Introduction
Over 300 mushroom stones have been found throughout Mesoamerica,

some dating as far back as 1000 B.C. The mushroom stone above was
found in the Guatemalan highlands and was one of the first to be
discovered. Photograph reprinted courtesy of Wasson Library,
Harvard Botanical Museum.
INTRODUCTION
"Psychedelics" are substances with the ability to expand human

awareness beyond our normal modes of perception. The family of
psychedelics includes plants, such as psilocybe mushrooms, that have
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been used in "shamanistic" settings for thousands of years, as well as

recently developed synthetic compounds, like LSD and ecstasy.
Psychedelics may be the most amazing substances known to humanity.

Some are so potent that just 1/10,000th of a gram can send one on a
journey beyond time and space, beyond life and death. Here the
psychedelic voyager can unlock and experience the collective
evolutionary consciousness of billions of years past and an infinite future.
He can transcend the body, the personality, and view his mind from
undreamed-of perspectives. He can experience supersensory and
extrasensory perception, choose from an infinite variety of "realities,"
and permanently change his experience of life.
I am writing this book because in this primitive time of political power

struggles and the "war on drugs," most information on psychedelics that
reaches the public is negatively biased and erroneous. There is a lack of
accurate information available regarding: the history of psychedelics,
how they are consumed, dosage levels, effects and experiences produced,
and whether they are safe.
I've tried to focus on the less common psychedelics and on

combinations, while also discussing more familiar substances such as
LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA. In my 18 years as a psychedelic user and
researcher I have found only a few references to some of the more exotic
psychedelics, frequently incomplete and written by people who had not
experienced them first hand. The information presented here draws upon
my research, as well as extensive personal experience with these
substances, and involvement in communities where they are used. There
are many things I have not attempted to cover in these few pages, and I
recommend the reader to the following books:
THE PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE - This is the premier "tripping

guide" which is useful to anyone trying to understand the states of mind
produced by psychedelics. It is the most thorough description I have seen
of the changes and experiences one is likely to go through on a
psychedelic voyage. However, this book is an adaptation of an Eastern
spiritual text, and may seem esoteric and difficult to understand for those

not familiar with the states it describes.
PLANTS OF THE GODS - This gives a brief overview on the history

of several plant psychedelics that have been used since ancient times.
Having a long term perspective on the use of psychedelics can give one a
better understanding of how these substances have affected human
societies. Many people today don't even know that psychedelics existed
before the Sixties and that the last 30 years are just the latest paragraph in
psychedelic history.
FOOD OF GODS - Author Terence McKenna eloquently expounds

his theories on the role of psychoactive plant use throughout human
evolution. His theories are startling yet well grounded and offer a
comprehensive view of the relationship between humans and mind-
altering plants.
Other books are listed in the various chapters, as well as the

bibliography which also lists sources for the books that are in print.
I consider my research a work in process, by no means definitive or

complete. With psychedelics we are taking our first steps into a realm of
infinite possibilities, like the first amphibians stepping on dry land, or a
more accurate metaphor, like the first humans leaving earth's atmosphere
and venturing into space. I believe there will come a day when humanity
recognizes psychedelics as the universal medicine, ambrosia of the
heavens, and keys to higher intelligence.
There are numerous other methods for entering altered states being
toted about, from meditation and yoga to brain machines and virtual
reality. I've tried many of these methods, enjoy them, and have found
them most valuable used with psychedelics. But to compare the
experience of these methods on their own to the experience of
psychedelics is like comparing a candle to the sun. Other methods don't
even approach the realm of liquid, flowing, digital dreams which can be
accessed by psychedelics like DMT!


D. M. Turner - History
A BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHEDELICS
FROM THE CREATION OF

GODS TO THE DEMISE OF
PSYCHEDELIC REVERENCE
IN MODERN TIMES
As prehistoric men and women foraged for food they must have eaten
the psychedelic plants which grow in nearly all regions of the world.
Ingesting these plants would have produced awe inspiring experiences,
and it is quite likely that the origin of ideas about gods, heavens and
hells, life after death, etc. began with the ingestion of psychedelic plants.
Try to imagine yourself as a neolithic human, most of your attention

given to day-by-day survival, the more complex areas of your brain just
beginning to develop. Now ingest say, a handful of psilocybin
mushrooms, or the psychedelic root of the African Iboga plant. Imagine
what wealth of images and information would now be flowing through
your mind! In his recent book, Food of the Gods, Terence McKenna
presents a plausible hypothesis that homosapiens descended from
psychedelic-using hominids. The ability of psychedelics to facilitate
development of the human brain is an important part of his theory.
Worship involving psychedelic plants and their use in spiritual pursuits

can be traced to the beginnings of recorded history. The major role these
plants played in the formation of early religions has been documented by
several historians. R. Gordon Wasson has made a strong argument that
the inebriating Soma of the ancient Indian Rg Veda was the Amanita
muscaria mushroom [1]. Other historians have found evidence of
psychedelic use in the Eleusian and Dionysian rituals of ancient Greece
[2]. Other references to psychedelic plants can be found in ancient
Buddhist, Hindu, and other far Eastern texts. And in Africa, the use of
Iboga was noted by the earliest English explorers of the area.
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Psychedelic plants are much more abundant in the New World and to
this day play a part in the religions of the Native Americans. When the
Spanish invaded what is now known as Mexico and South America they
executed psychedelic-using natives, and the religions and healing
practices were forced underground. A strong shamanic tradition persisted
for centuries. In the United States, only the Native American Church of
North America retained legal permission to continue religious use of its
psychedelic sacrament, Peyote.
The knowledge of one psychedelic sacrament, the psilocybe

mushroom, was all but lost to Europeans for centuries. R. Gordon
Wasson began his quest for knowledge about mushrooms in 1927, after
he experienced a vast difference in cultural attitude towards mushrooms
between himself and his Russian wife. Their research led to the
understanding that the majority of westerners are mycophobics, havmg a
fear or loathing of mushrooms. People in many other parts of the world
are mycophiles, often being able to distinguish many types of mushrooms
by sight, knowing which are edible, and having common names for the
different species.
Wasson explored all he could find about mushrooms through folklore,

etymology, and references in literature and art. He came upon results
completely beyond anything he could have dreamed of: that mushrooms
which produce a "divine inebriation" have been used and worshipped in
numerous times and in several areas of the world
Wasson also discovered that an existing "mushroom cult" still

continued amongst certain Indians in Mexico, far removed from
civilization. In 1955 he managed to get in touch with these Indians and
participated in a mushroom ceremony guided by a 65 year old
shamaness, possibly becoming the first white man to eat psilocybin
mushrooms in hundreds of years. This story was published in Life
magazine, May 13, 1957. It is an excellent article with great pictures and
a moving description of Wasson's first mushroom voyage.
Wasson continued exploring the ethnology of mushrooms and other

plant sacraments used throughout the world, teaming up with the likes of

famous ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes, and Albert Hofmann, the

inventor and discoverer of LSD. Through the Fifties and early Sixties the
attitudes regarding psychedelics throughout the world were generally
positive. Knowledge was confined primarily to the scientific and
scholastic communities, with some attention from the art and literary
circles. Papers and articles on psychedelics from this time period lack the
hysteria, and the connection of drug to sin that media introduced to the
public in the mid-Sixties.
Well, what happened during the Sixties, and how did the majority's
attitude toward psychedelics get so screwed up? Here's a simple
explanation; the U.S. government was afraid of the changes brought
about by psychedelic use. They used the physical, financial, and political
forces they controlled to spread fear and discredit the virtues of
psychedelics.
None of what happened seems too surprising. It fits into the patterns
that human minds are frequently seen to operate in. The majority of the
population is still the type that resists anything new, any change
(neophobic). This mindset is continually reinforced through newspapers,
television, government, religions, schools, and the hierarchical structure
of society. All of these organizations are dominated by people with
neophobic mindsets. Most also possess the Judaeo-Christian concepts
that: humans are evil, sex is evil, we are beneath Gods, we will be
eternally punished if we disobey the rules of the church, or, heaven
forbid, take a psychedelic and try to experience an ecstatic state of
happiness.
Many of the people reinforcing this mindset are not even aware that
they are spreading negativity. They are supporting what they believe is
correct. These people, convinced that the old morals are the "right way"
of living, have generated outright lies about psychedelics, feeling
anything which discourages drug use is justified. Of course, other
members of these organizations spread negative information with purely
nefarious intentions, such as political groups who instruct the CIA to sell
cocaine for financing covert military operations, and then preach that
drugs are the tools of the devil on TV.

The establishment's methods of spreading drug paranoia are numerous

and use all forms of media. Most of the population gets its information
from the neophobically controlled major media sources: television,
newspapers, and large magazines. There is also political pressure at all
levels to conform to the views of the ruling politicians. Do you think
CBS would broadcast an overtly pro-drug commercial even if you paid
them well? The government also controls the content of what is taught in
schools. What is commonly called "drug education" is better defined as
"anti-drug brainwashing." Any positive appraisals of drugs are absent
from school course materials. Teachers seldom inform their students that
over 99.9% of the people who take ecstasy have a positive experience. A
recent psychiatric M.D. graduate from Harvard was not even aware that
psychedelics had ever been used in therapy. Psychedelic use in therapy
was widespread until LSD was made illegal in 1966, and the results from
their use were highly successful. During the past 28 years limited
research and therapy using psychedelics has continued, primarily in
Switzerland and Germany (Although in recent years the FDA has agreed
to resuming a small number of studies involving human use of
psychedelics here in the U.S.)
Much of a psychedelic trip is based on a person's mental set. The

negative media on psychedelics causes many people to take these
substances with unwarranted fears, thus diminishing the potential of the
experience, and probably causing some people to freak out. Someone
embarking on a trip with the idea "This substance is an ancient gift of the
Gods, it will allow me to gain a new experience of life" will have a
different experience than a person with the idea "Someone told me this is
fun, but it's illegal and I'm worried about getting busted, and I'm afraid I'll
lose control and jump out of a window. "
There has always been some accurate information about psychedelics

available, but it's been something one's had to search for Many who have
found, understood, and applied this knowledge have benefited
immensely. This book was written to spread this information to a larger
group of people in hopes of enlightening many on the potentialities of the
psychedelic experience, and dispelling some of the misinformation that
has previously been disseminated on this topic.

1. See Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality by R. Gordon Wasson.

2. See The Road to Eleusis by Hofmann, Ruck, and Wasson.

D. M. Turner - Psychedelic Safety
PSYCHEDELIC
SAFETY
UNDERSTANDING THE TOOLS
The natural psychedelics have been in

use for thousands of years, and I
anticipate that both synthetic and natural
psychedelics will still be used thousands
of years from now.
Contrary to being considered dangerous, throughout most of history

psychedelics have been considered gifts of the Gods, and have been
associated with the healing of the body, mind and soul.
History is full of shamans and shamanesses who consumed these

substances hundreds of times each year for their entire life and suffered
no ill effects [1]. Likewise my thousand or so experiments with various
psychedelics seem to have done no harm. To the contrary, I feel I've
received numerous benefits from their use.
I suspect most of the psychedelic scare stories published in the late

Sixties and Seventies were generated by people pursuing their own
political or financial agendas, or by people with fundamentalist morals
who were afraid of losing their power, or even seeing people feel too
good. Other scare stories were written purely for sensationalism to sell
magazines and newspapers. Many of the stories, such as LSD causing
chromosome damage, have been proven false. Other stories, such as the
CIA's dosing of unsuspecting people who went on to jump out of
windows... Well, as Robert Anton Wilson says "They either didn't know
what was happening to them, they thought they were losing their minds,
and they jumped out of the window. Or they did realize what was
happening, that the intelligence agency of their own government was
covertly giving them mind-altering drugs..., and they jumped out of the
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window." A thorough review of psychedelic history will show that

problems encountered through psychedelic use are rare, especially if you
consider that in this country alone, millions of doses of psychedelics are
consumed each month.
When I discuss psychedelic safety I think it's important to separate

physical safety from mental safety. Physical safety deals primarily with
the drugs and various combinations thereof. Mental safety is a much
more individual issue and must be monitored and evaluated by each
psychedelic user. This section deals with general psychedelic safety.
More information is given for specific substances where appropriate
I consider ecstasy and other synthetics of the phenethylamine family

exceptions in terms of psychedelic safety. These are amphetamine
relatives which can mess up one's equilibrium, leaving one feelmg
physically drained and mentally frizzled. I definitel
monitor my intake of these substances but have not found occasional

use of moderate doses to do any lasting harm. There have been a few
cases reported in which people died from dehydration after taking ecstasy
at hot, crowded dance clubs, and attempting to dance for several hours
straight without drinking any water. Extreme situations like this have
been avoided by most users by exercising some forethought.
PHYSICAL SAFETY:
Aside from the use of ecstasy and the Belladonna alkaloids, I know of
but one case where someone experienced physical harm from psychedehc
use. And this was with the ultimately potent combination of Harmaline
and 5-MeO-DMT. Anxiety about physical illness is a frequent response
the mind can generate when undergoing the psychedelic transformation,
and often the increased awareness of bodily functions can cause one to
feel sick. It's useful to be able to distinguish whether a symptom is
actually the result of a substance, or just the mind's imagination. The
book The Psychedelic Experience describes this quite well. On
psychedelics it's also possible for one to become aware of the complex
body/mind relationship, and discover how to ease bodily discomfort by
releasing mental/emotional blocks.

Whenever working with a new substance, the more cautious users will
start with a small dose and work their way up. During this period they
can watch how their body and mind responds to the drug and determine
which dosage works for them. This can be important since some people
may have powerful reactions to amounts which produce only minimal
activity in most people. Some psychedelics, such as LSD, have a wide
margin between the active dose and the amount which may be considered
toxic. Other psychedelics, such as ecstasy, can exhibit toxic effects at just
twice the average dose. Unfortunately, legal scientific research on these
substances is practically non-existent, and the maximum safe dosages
have not been accurately calculated.
It is not uncommon to feel nauseous on many of the psychedelics.

Users generally report that if they feel the urge to vomit it's best to not
resist it, and that they usually feel better afterwards. Nausea is not an
indication that there is something wrong with one's trip. Indigenous
people are known to say that Peyote, or Ayahuasca, acts as a purge, and
is cleansing the body and soul. They also say that when the body and soul
are purlfied one will no longer feel discomfort from the Peyote. I've often
noticed that psychedelics purge and cleanse my body in a manner similar
to fasting Many users experiment with different diets or fasting prior to
tripping, which can eliminate or reduce nauseous feelings during the trip.
Some people feel exhausted or out of touch with reality the day after a
psychedelic trip. This can be expected since they went through so much
during the experience. Many users find it's good to have an extra day
after the trip to recuperate before returning to work, etc. Avoiding
familiar routines for a day allows people to retain more from their
psychedelic journeys.
Hopefully anybody using these substances knows that while high, it is

dangerous to drive, fly a plane, etc. I'd like to emphasize this point since
we live in a society where driving while intoxicated on alcohol is fairly
common.
Many people may have driven while mildly high on a psychedelic

without getting into accidents. However, I'm sure there are some who

drove while tripping and are no longer alive to tell about it. If one were to
take a large dose of a psychedelic they would be in a state of mind where
the world that appears before their eyes is going through massive changes
each moment. They may have difficulty recalling their name, and driving
would be totally out of the question. Smaller doses of psychedelics
produce similar but milder changes in one's consciousness. The
psychedelic experience is simply not compatible with the split-second
decisions and maneuvers one must routinely make while driving around
in a two-ton chunk of steel at 60 MPH.
I think that to get the most from a psychedelic experience one must put
aside time completely devoted to the experience, and take a dose that
significantly alters perception. The "recreational" use of smaller amounts
of psychedelics, as is common in social settings such as raves, concerts,
and parties, seldom provides one with a full spectrum of the psychedelic
experience. This is not to say that using psychedelics in this context can
not be beneficial or enjoyable, but many people I have spoken with who
have used psychedelics in only this type of setting don't appear to have
had deep or powerfully transformational experiences. In a situation where
transportation is required, people should try to have a friend drive them,
take a cab, or simply beam themselves wherever they wish to go!
Anyone who has any type of health problem, or is taking prescription

or over-the- counter medicines, should be cautious using psychedelics.
Most psychedelics increase pulse rate and blood pressure. The effects of
using psychedelics with medical problems, or most prescription drugs, is
largely unknown. Anyone in this situation should find a knowledgeable
and open-minded doctor to give them some advice. Pregnant women
should also consult such a doctor prior to using psychedelics.
The main physical danger with psychedelics is with those that are
MAO inhibitors and with combinations. Two psychedelics discussed in
this book are MAO inhibitors: 5-MeO-DMT and the Harmala alkaloids.
Many prescription anti-depressant drugs are also MAO inhibitors. MAO
(Mono-Amine-Oxidase) is an enzyme in the body which breaks down
certain foods and chemicals. If one has these foods or chemicals in their
system while taking an MAO inhibitor they will not be broken down,

which can result in discomfort, illness, or even death. Following this

section is a list of items not to be taken with MAO inhibitors. Prior to
taking an MAO inhibitor I review this list and do a double check on
what's in my system. I've also found it useful to memorize this list of
items so that I don't eat any foods that will make me sick while using
MAO inhibitors.
MENTAL SAFETY:
Each person's mind and capacity for handling psychedelics is different.
Psychedelics are not for everybody, and some of the substances discussed
in this book are particularly heavy. Although most psychedelic trips are
experienced as baneficial, some people have had experiences that left
them distrurbed afterwards. The main reason for these negative
experiences is lack of preparation, rather than anything inherent in the
person or in the substance. One's chances of having a bad trip, or not
being able to reintegrate themselves afterwards, can be sharply reduced
by learning about the experience.
A point I should note here is that I've never heard of anyone

experiencing long term adverse effects through the use of natural
psychedelics, such as psilocybin mushrooms or mescaline-containing
cacti. When disturbing experiences are produced by these substances, the
users seem to take it in stride and come back to center.
People with schizophrenia, or any other type of mental disorder

beyond the common neurosis, should exercise extreme caution in using
psychedelics. When psychedelic research was widespread until 1966
there were many successful results treating mental patients. However,
people with mental imbalances have a greater risk of a negative
experience, especially without the guidance of a therapist.
Psychedelics are much more than recreational drugs. They have the
ability to make significant changes in us with a single use. Many
advanced users consider this ability to "reimprint the mind" as the most
important benefit of psychedelics. If examined closely, most psychedelic
experiences will fit the following model. Psychedelics will dissolve one's
identity and perceptual framework, a process commonly called "ego

death." Next one experiences the raw or undifferentiated energies flowmg

through their senses from a formless or unclefined state. They can tap
into the vast banks of imagery within their mind, addmg their creative
powers to generate limitless visions of intricacy beauty, and meaning.
During this time one may try on various "filters" through which
everything is perceived, and create hallucinations or expenence many
personalities. The journeyer will be outside of their normal conceptual
framework and will be able to look at their thought processes and
personality from new angles. Later in the experience they will re-
assemble a new personality, based on their old personality, but hopefully
improved.
In some cases it takes users numerous sessions to go through the

process of ego death, and detach from their familiar mode of perceiving
things. This often occurs when someone begins experimenting with small
doses, and very gradually increases the amount they consume. In these
cases the psychedelic never fully transports them out of routine
awareness. When ego death is spread over weeks or months, it can take
on strange manifestations as one experiences separation from various
aspects of their familiar reality tunnel.
Much of each person's experience is based on SET and SETTING. Set

refers to a person's mental and emotional makeup expectations about the
experience, cultural upbringing, etc. Setting is the immediate
environment and stimulus present during the experience whether
outdoors or in a building, with friends or alone, the presence or absence
of music, artwork, etc.
If I had to choose one setting as being the most conducive to a positive

experience, I'd pick one which most closely resembles the time honoured
methods of using these substances. This would involve taking a natural
psychedelic like mushrooms or Peyote. It would be done outdoors m
nature, away from the noise and activity of any city and with a group of
respected friends or family. For novices being initiated into the
psychedelic world the session would be guided by trusted and
experienced "elders."

People who try to manifest the lessons learned through psychedelic use
seem to benefit the most from them. Examples of this are people who
take psychedelics to modify their personality or thinking process, use
them as part of a healing process, or have some creative outlet such as art
or music. In addition to my psychedelic research and writing, I find that
psychedelics give me the inspiration and ability to design and
manufacture high tech audio/visual equipment, work as a performance
artist, pursue several artistic hobbies, as well as hold a senior
management position in the corporate world. Often people who do not go
through personal change with psychedelics find that their experiences
tend to stagnate and get into a repetitive groove. I've seen people
successfully move through this stage by stopping for a while, pursuing
other interests or means of self-exploration, then trying psychedelics
again at a later date.
How often one can effectively use psychedelics varies from person to
person. Users must monitor their own mind, body, and life, as well as
listening to their friends and others around them to determine if they are
overdoing it. Psychedelics are best enjoyed when the body and mind are
in good health, properly nourished, exercised, and rested. Taking
psychedelics when exhausted tends to produce more negative
experiences. This can also lead to poor health since when the body is in a
state of exhaustion, the main things it needs are nourishment and rest, and
psychedelics disrupt the normal patterns of appetite and sleep. A small
percentage of users "abuse" psychedelics by taking more than their
psyche or body can integrate. However, I've only seen this occur with
people using synthetic substances, such as ecstasy, Ketamine, and LSD.
Traditionally, the only people that use psychedelics on a "daily" basis

are the shamans, curanderos, or folk doctors. They use these substances
in the capacity of helping and healing the people in their communities.
For the shaman the psychedelic experience is like a well, into which he
can enter to bring back "healing water" and knowledge to cure people's
physical ills, mental dilemmas, and societal problems. I doubt that
individuals who are artists, inventors, or seekers of personal refinement
or fun can effectively use and assimilate these experiences on as frequent
a basis.

Psychedelics greatly amplify everything the user experiences. This

intensity can feel like a nuclear bomb exploding inside the skull. And
whether one is feeling brilliant joy or a fearful hell it's going to be felt
intensely on a good dose of psychedelics.
Anyone who regularly uses psychedelics stronger than ecstasy can

expect an occasional unpleasant experience. This can be much more
unpleasant than anything experienced in regular life, just as the joy
experienced on psychedelics can be much more intense than that of
ordinary life. Even experienced trippers will occasionally have a bad
experience. I've had several trips during which I thought I was dead, or
could not tell whether I was alive or dead. If one uses psychedelics
frequently they will eventually confront nearly all the skeletons buried
within their psyche. One should approach these substances with a
willingness to deal with whatever issues come up. How one integrates a
frightening or dark experience is important. I generally find that I learn
more from the unpleasant trips than I do from the average psychedelic
session. One can use these experiences to re-evaluate their identity and
ideas about life. If an unpleasant experience comes during a trip it's best
to flow with it, try to learn from it, and move on to the next phase of the
experience. There's no need to spend an entire psychedelic session
wrapped up in one issue or feeling.
One of the most important things to remember during a trip is to flow

with the experience. Don't try to hold on to your former identity as it is
being dissolved. Don't be afraid of letting go of a beautiful feeling or
vision if it starts to fade. If you're having a frightful experience don't run
away from it, but look at it and see what you can learn. And when you
recognize that you are starting to come down, don't rush to reclaim a
familiar identity. Reflection and easing back to routine reality will allow
you to retain more from your trip.
The psychedelic drugs differ significantly in intensity. The wiser users

gradually move from the milder to the more intense. For each
psychedelic I've assigned an intensity level from 1 to 10. (1 = mild, 10 =
intense.) These intensity levels are for an average experience on the
substance. A high dose of something like LSD can give one a level 10

intensity trip. And since the experience is in the mind, one can even have
a high intensity trip with a small dose of a psychedelic.
MAO INHIBITORS
The following psychedelics are MAO inhibitors: 5-MeO-DMT & the

HARMALA ALKALOIDS. Many prescription anti-depressant drugs
are also MAO inhibitors. These should not be taken in combination with
the foods or drugs listed below.
Items Not To Take In Combination With MAO Inhibitors
VERY Tryptophan - large
DANGEROUS Sedatives & Tranquilizers doses
Antihistamines Tyrosine - large doses
Narcotics Phenylalanine - large
Amphetamines doses
Asarone / Calamus Alcohol
AGED CHEESE Ephedrine
RED WINE Macromerine
Some Anesthetics
??? Prescription or Over-the-Counter Medicines &
Supplements
Unless one is certain that these can be taken with
MAO inhibitors they should discontinue use long
enough for them to pass out of their system before
taking the MAO inhibitor.
??? Ecstasy, Mescaline, 2C-B and other
Phenethylamines -
See discussion following this table.

POTENTIALLY Beer White Wine

DANGEROUS Cocoa Nutmeg - large doses
Yeast Extract Oil of Dill - large doses
Pineapple Oil of Parsley - large
Sauerkraut doses
Pickled Herring Liver
Soy Sauce Coffee
Cream Figs & Raisins
Avocados (especially Yogurt
overripe)
Bananas (especially
overripe)
This information was obtained from several sources discussing MAO inhibitors.
Ecstasy, Mescaline, 2C-B and other Phenethylamines - (Combined

with MAO Inhibitors)
There is conflicting information on the compatibility of using

phenethylamine drugs with MAO inhibitors. Several books list them as
incompatible and dangerous, but with no explanation.
On the other extreme, I've heard many first hand reports from people
who've used these combinations frequently and have had no problems.
Someone highly knowledgeable in this field told me that

phenethylamine drugs are not broken down in one's system as quickly as
normal if one has taken an MAO inhibitor. This results in a much smaller
amount of the phenethylamine substance being required to achieve the
same effects. This information corroborates with my limited experiments
using 2C-B with an MAO inhibitor. I found the 2C-B to be significantly
intensified in these situations, necessitating a high degree of caution

when using combinations of this type.
In all chapters that deal with either phenethylamine substances or

MAO inhibitors I have listed this combination as significantly
intensified, possibly dangerous.
Above artwork by Ozric Tentacles - An amazing progressive, psychedelic rock band

from the U.K. Reprinted by permission of Dovetail Records Ltd. (UK)
1. Maria Sabina, the shamaness who performed the ceremony for R. Gordon
Wasson's first mushroom voyage, died of old age at 97, after some 67 years of
regular mushroom use.

D. M. Turner - LSD
LSD
MOLECULE OF PERFECTION
INTENSITY: 3 to 7 for most experiences.
MATERIAL:
LSD is a synthetic compound. It is derived from Iysergic acid which is
found in Hawaiian Woodrose and Morning Glory seeds, or Ergot fungus,
which can grow on rye, wheat, and other grams. Lysergic acid is also
psychoactive, although not nearly as potent as LSD, and has been
consumed for millennia in the form of the above mentioned plant
sources. The most common street name for LSD is "acid."
HISTORY:
LSD was first synthesized in 1938 by Dr. Albert Hofmann of Sandoz
Pharmaceutical Company in Switzerland. Hofmann was also the first
human to experience LSD when he inadvertently absorbed some through
his fingertips in 1943. Three days later he took the first intentional dose
of LSD.
During the next 20 years LSD was promoted as a psychiatric aid and
numerous experiments were performed in clinical settings. The CIA and
other covert agencies were likewise experimenting with LSD to
determine its effectiveness in brainwashing and mind control.
In the early Sixties Timothy Leary and friends began spreading the
word that LSD produces magnificent spiritual experiences. The
revolution that sprang from this is legendary. It has had a major impact
on western culture, its music and art, and has contributed to the expanded
acceptance of different philosophies, religions, and lifestyles in our
country, as well as to the development of a high tech information society
[1].
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D. M. Turner - LSD
DOSAGE:
LSD is extremely potent by weight and the amount required for a
single dose is barely visible to the naked eye. LSD is usually sold on
blotter paper, in tablets, or in liquid. With all of these forms it is
impossible to tell the amount of LSD one is actually consuming.
Frequently people will say that each dose contains 100 mcg., 200 mcg.,
etc. But unless they've worked with the solid crystalline substance to
produce the consumable form, their information is just hearsay or a
personal estimate. Even after many years and several hundred doses of
LSD, I have never had an accurate gauge to measure dosage. My
description of dosage levels is an estimate from what I've been told over
the years, matched up to levels of intensity described by users of Sandoz
LSD which was packaged in certified amounts.
100 mcg. of LSD is considered a minimum psychedelic dose. (one

microgram (mcg.) = one millionth of a gram.) This amount should
produce a low-level psychedelic experience, not overwhelming, and
without hallucinations. 200 mcg. is the minimum dose required to
produce a full psychedelic experience, complete with visuals and
hallucinations, although it will take most people more than 200 mcg. to
experience these full effects. The average dose of acid on the streets these
days is in the 50 to 100 mcg. range.
The amount of LSD required to break into a full-on psychedelic state

varies with each individual, and even each experience. As one gains
familiarity with the experience it is likely that they will require a larger
dose to achieve a "transformational state." I typically take about 500 mcg.
and estimate my larger doses to be in the 1000+ mcg. range, and I've
heard of people taking much more than that. Other factors such as the
amount of food in one's stomach will affect the intensity of LSD and
most other psychedelics, dosing on an empty stomach producing the
stronger experience. Like most other psychedelics, LSD produces a
tolerance lasting two or three days. Consuming an equivalent amount
during this period will not get one as high the second time.
Larger doses make it more likely that one will have a full blown trip,
but sometimes the intensity can be too much and feel like neural

D. M. Turner - LSD
overload. (By the end of many high-dose acid trips I've wished I could
turn down the intensity level of my senses.) The next section explains
more about the range of LSD experiences.
THE HIGH:
Ecstatic feelings of love and happiness, affinity for other people,
feeling of being at home with one's self and the universe, flowing visions
with more intricacy, beauty, and color than anything found in nature,
sound which one can taste and feel with heart and soul, a sense of
suspension in time and feeling akin with eternity and infinity, a brilliantly
lucid mind able to see itself from vast and novel perspectives, an
overwhelming tide of emotions... These are the feelings that are common
with LSD and most other psychedelics. One should also be prepared for
the negative side: confusion, frightful visions and images, fear of dying
or losing control, feeling controlled by and unable to escape from the
definitions one has grown accustomed to, or being overwhelmed by the
immensity of life.
The possible experiences on psychedelics are endless, and no two are

ever the same. In the definitions I give for "THE HIGH" of each
substance, I will try to describe the attributes that are frequently felt and
distinguish the experiences produced by the different psychedelics.
LSD is the most transparent of the psychedelics. It has the least

"signature" to it. Most users report that their first few trips are like a ride
through the funhouse. Everything seems bizarre and completely unlike
normal reality. After becoming familiar with the experience some people
drop acid to perform complex computer programming, perform live
music on stage, or do other tasks that require control and a strong
connection with the physical plane. Frequent users may be able to blink
their eyes, snap out of the high, and see things as they do in regular
consciousness while on the peak of a 500 mcg. trip.
LSD's transparency makes it possible to have almost any type of

experience. Users may guide themselves toward a particular flavor of
experience using either internal focus, like meditation, or external
stimulus like music or art. LSD's intensity is also quite variable. A 200

D. M. Turner - LSD
mcg. trip may feel more intense than a 500 mcg. trip from the same
batch, and intensity can fade in and out during a session. Generally one
will feel "higher" if taking the same amount of LSD, or any other
psychedelic, in an unfamiliar environment. One aspect of dosage that
seems consistent is the length of the trip. 100 mcg. Iasts me 5 to 6 hours,
200 mcg. - 8 to 10 hours, large doses have lasted up to 20 hours.
LSD has the ability of allowing one's mind to penetrate things very
deeply. I find this most prevalent listening to music, looking at artwork,
or making love. With LSD one can "lock on" to something like a piece of
music and allow it to guide them on a sensual journey through a garden
of liquid sound. One can lavish a feeling, thought pattern, or emotion
with similar intensity. It's also possible to latch on to negative feelings. If
one finds themself on a downward spiral they can usually redirect their
awareness to something else with little effort. Most people tend to spend
the majority of their experience in a positive groove, because once in it
they can remain there effortlessly for hours. The negative aspects of
LSD's signature that many users report are a " metallic edge " (a slight
grating on the nerves), and sometimes an overbearing intensity that some
psychedelics, such as mushrooms, tend not to produce.
To get an idea of how diverse LSD experiences can be, (or psychedelic
experiences in general) I've listed several publications in the bibliography
that contain lucid descriptions of powerful experiences. One such
description that I've included here is the first LSD experience of Stanislav
Grof. Stan Grof became one of the premier psychiatric LSD researchers
during the early Sixties. His current non-drug therapy, known as
Holotropic Breathwork, has produced powerful "transpersonal"
experiences in many people. Following is Grof's description of his first
LSD experience in 1956 [2].
"I couldn't believe how much I learned about my psyche in those few
hours. I experienced a fantastic display of colorful visions, some abstract
and geometrical, others figurative and filled with symbolic import. The
sheer intensity of the array of emotions I felt simply amazed me. I was hit
by a radiance that seemed comparable to the epicenter of a nuclear
explosion, or perhaps the light of supernatural brilliance said in oriental

D. M. Turner - LSD
scriptures to appear to us at the moment of death. This thunderbolt

catapulted me out of my body. First I lost my awareness of my immediate
surroundings, then the psychiatric clinic, then Prague (Czechoslovakia),
and finally the planet. At an inconceivable speed my consciousness
expanded to cosmic dimensions. I experienced the Big Bang, passed
through black holes and white holes in the universe, identified with
exploding supernovas, and witnessed many other strange phenomena that
seemed to be pulsars, quasars, and other cosmic events."
During his LSD session Grof instantaneously grasped that the

experience he was having resembled those described in the great mystical
scriptures of the world. "I was able to see the irony and paradox of the
situation. The divine manifested itself and took me over in a modern
scientific laboratory in the middle of a scientific experiment conducted in
a communist country with a substance produced in the test tube of a 20th-
century chemist."
Occasionally with large doses of LSD, and less frequently with other
psychedelics, one will encounter what is known as the "Clear Light" or
"White Light." This is perceived as a supernaturally brilliant and blazing
pure light which radiates from within. The feeling which accompanies
being in the presence of the Clear Light is almost always described as
divine bliss. The experience of the Clear Light can only be attained by
going through a full ego death. This process is described in detail in the
book The Psychedelic Experience.
COMBINATIONS:
HARMALA ALKALOIDS - Harmala will add a unique dimension to
an acid experience. I find that it infuses the trip with a mystical and
ancient quality. While on acid I normally feel like I'm interfacing with
my own mind, but with Harmala it feels like I'm in contact with the
invisible world of Spirits. An even greater degree of synergism exists
between Harmala and the tryptamine psychedelics, psilocybin and DMT.
DMT - I've had some powerfully enlightening experiences smoking N,

N-DMT while on acid. The DMT experience overwhelms the acid
experience during its short duration. I usually find myself immersed in

D. M. Turner - LSD
the flowing, intricate visuals which are characteristic of DMT. The acid
essentially puts me on a higher platform for launching into the DMT.
And the "open mind" state produced by the acid allows me to experience
the DMT that much more. See the chapter on DMT.
NITROUS OXIDE - A blast of nitrous usually puts me in a

pleasurable, altered state of mind, this is amplified if I'm already high. A
single breath of nitrous, as is generally consumed for recreational use,
will produce a one to two minute "disassociative" state, during which I
feel somewhat out of my body. I have found that nitrous works well with
every psychedelic I've tried it with. It can put an additional peak in my
peak, or it can be used to "break up" a state of mind so I can switch my
focus to something else.
LUDIOMIL - I got inspiration to try LSD with Ludiomil (an anti-

depressant) after reading an article in Psychedelic Monographs and
Essays where the experimenter reported having lucid dreams after using
this combination. This perked my interest as I've been a practitioner of
lucid dreaming for the past few years.
The experience was quite enjoyable and exceeded my expectations.

During the experience I found that Ludiomil nearly doubled the strength
of the acid, while slightly altering the experience. I felt as though there
was a thin invisible membrane between myself and anything my senses
touched upon. This felt novel but did not allow me to feel completely
"merged with the experience" as is common while on acid. My thought
flow also seemed a bit different including what felt like "bleed through"
from the dream state.
I didn't experience anything unusual during my sleep the first night.

But on the next night I had some 25 to 30 highly vivid dreams. I
continued having these vivid dreams, in decreasing numbers, for the next
three or four nights. One point to note here is that the dreams I
experienced, although quite vivid, did not fit the definition of Lucid
Dreams as defined by Stephen LaBerge or others in the Lucid Dreaming
field. LaBerge uses Lucid Dream to mean a dream in which you are
aware that you are dreaming, frequently have access to the memories of

D. M. Turner - LSD
your normal waking consciousness, and may be able to manipulate the

events in your dream.
See the Ecstasy and Multiple Combinations chapters.
1. See Gentleman's Quarterly, July 1991.
2. See Yoga Journal July/August 1990

D. M. Turner - Psilocybin Mushrooms
PSILOCYBIN
MUSHROOMS
THE EXTRATERRESTRIAL
INFLITRATION OF EARTH?
MATERIAL:
There are dozens of species of mushrooms which contain the
psychoactive alkaloids psilocybin/psilocin in active amounts. 99% of the
psilocybin mushrooms I've seen sold on the underground market are the
variety known as Psilocybe cubensis (also called Stropharia cubensis),
and dosage levels discussed below pertain to this variety. Some species
of psilocybin mushrooms contain up to 10 times as much psilocybin by
weight as cubensis, producing an equivalent experience at a much lower
dose.
HISTORY:
The use of psilocybin mushrooms can be traced back thousands of
years. In Plants of the Gods, Schultes and Hofmann trace the use of these
mushrooms to numerous locations and Indian cultures in pre-Colombian
Mexico and South America. The Indians held the mushrooms with such
reverence that the Aztecs named them Teonanacatl, meaning "flesh of
the gods" or "divine flesh." Sacred objects relating to mushrooms, such as
the mushroom stones shown above, have been found dating back as far as
1000 B.C.
Terence McKenna suggests that hallucinogenic mushroom use may be

much older than 3000 years, with the mushrooms being consumed and
worshipped by early forms of humankind. He even suggests that
mushroom spores arriving from outer space may have been some of the
earliest forms of life and intelligence on our planet. Many scientists feel
that life could not have developed on this planet during the 200 to 400
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million year period from when Earth's crust cooled until evidence of the
first living organisms were found. The theory of "panspermia" has been
suggested to account for this. Studies conducted by astrophysicists at the
University of Leiden in Netherlands have determined that certain
mushroom spores could survive up to 45 million years in interstellar
transit. (see Nature - Aug 1, 1985).
DOSAGE:
Although some users eat just one gram of "shrooms," dried weight, I
find this produces little more than threshold effects. Two grams should
produce a mild psychedelic high, five grams should produce an
experience of similar intensity to a 250 mcg. LSD trip. (Five grams of
dried Psilocybe cubensis typically contains about 15 mg. of psilocybin/
psilocin.) At 10 to 14 grams I've had experiences which are quite
incredible. The potency of different batches of mushrooms varies, usually
within a range of +/-10%, although I've come across some strains that
were nearly twice as potent as standard. Mushrooms lose potency with
age (about 25% in six months.) They will keep much longer if stored in
an airtight container in the freezer. Fresh mushrooms should be dried at a
low temperature, around 95 degrees F, to preserve their potency.
THE HIGH:
Mushrooms produce an experience similar to LSD but with a different
signature. The mushroom high tends to be dreamy and drifty in
comparison to the penetrating brilliance and lucidity of acid. Users report
feeling more relaxed on shrooms, sometimes even drowsy, rather than the
speedy, edgy feeling common with acid. The average shroom trip lasts
five to seven hours, with the most intense and visually hallucinogenic
part of the experience taking place during the first two hours.
The content of a mushroom trip is also a bit different than acid, and as
with all psychedelics, each trip is a unique experience. Frequently users
claim that shrooms put them more in touch with the "mystery," feeling
acid to be cold and linear in comparison. With mushrooms I've often felt
that I'm in the presence of an ancient teacher, whereas with LSD, it can
feel like I'm simply traversing my own mental pathways.

Mushroom visuals can be magnificent on large doses, especially in a

pitch black environment. Many people find the mushroom visuals to be
more "organic" than acid visuals. The mushroom visuals tend towards
rounded forms, and images congruent with nature, while acid visuals are
usually more angular, with kaleidoscopic or abstract imagery.
A large dose experience with mushrooms can feel quite similar to N,N-
DMT, (dimethyltryptamine) but with much less intensity. The visuals
tend to have the same character as DMT visuals, and I find that I easily
go into trance, which is frequent with N,N-DMT. The similarity in
experiences is not unexpected since mushrooms actually contain long-
lasting tryptamines. The chemical formula of psilocin, the active
component of the mushroom, is 4-OH-DMT. See the chapter on DMT for
more information on this fascinating substance.
This 16th century Aztec statue

depicts Xochipilli, the Prince of
Flowers. His face stares towards
the heavens in a state of ecstasy,
and his body is adorned with
several psychoactive plants,
including the morning glory and
psilocybe mushrooms.
Photograph 1992-1994 Marc

Franklin
I also find some negative qualities in comparing the experience of

mushrooms to acid. The mushroom experience moves a bit slower than
an acid high and tends to be less intense. I find it more difficult to break
through to a full-on psychedelic state with mushrooms. And the trip can
not be guided as easily as an acid trip.
I've used LSD more often than mushrooms because it's suitable to

more diverse environments, and almost always produces the expected

results. I've felt mushrooms to be more "sacred," and have reserved them
for occasions when a more significant, mystical experience is desired.
COMBINATIONS:
HARMALA ALKALOIDS - Harmala combines beautifully with
mushrooms to produce a very mystical experience. When harmaline was
first discovered it was named telepathine because of its reputation for
producing telepathic experiences. These telepathic experiences are
supposed to be especially likely to occur when Harmala is combined with
psilocybin. I personally haven't experienced telepathy, although I've
found the combination quite enjoyable. Following is a report of a friend's
Harmala plus mushroom expenence.
"The most beautiful and refined interlocking patterns covered the floor,
walls, and ceiling of my room. These visuals were so astounding that I
would have been more than content with them, but the experience grew
even more incredible. I began to feel as though my room was filled with
the "spirits" of musicians, artists, and visionaries whose genius had most
strongly affected my life. And I felt as though I were amongst friends.
This filled me with elation twice as strong as anything I'd felt on ecstasy,
and for a while nothing seemed impossible anywhere in the world.
Things gradually deconstructed into a slowly swirling astral whirlpool,
and beyond. It was by far one of the most amazing psychedelic
experiences I've had, and was all there simply by adding the Harmala."
Psilocybin can also be combined with LSD, DMT, or Nitrous Oxide.

See the Multiple Combinations chapter.

D. M. Turner - Mescaline
MESCALINE: PEYOTE &

SAN PEDRO CACTUS
SHAMANIC SACRAMENTS
MATERIAL:
Mescaline is a naturally occurring psychedelic found in several cactus
species, most notably, Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) and San Pedro
(Trichocereus pachanoi). Several other members of the trichocereus
family also contain mescaline.
Mescaline belongs to a family of compounds known as

phenethylamines, making it quite distinct from the other major
psychedelics which belong to the indole family. LSD, psilocybin,
harmaline, and DMT are all indoles. Many synthetic "designer"
psychedelics, such as ecstasy (MDMA) and 2C-B, are phenethylamines,
and are related to the chemistry of mescaline.
In addition to containing mescaline, the cacti mentioned above contain

a large variety of related psychoactive compounds, and will produce
experiences that are qualitatively different than pure mescaline. The
experience produced by Peyote is also quite distinct from that produced
by cacti from the trichocereus family.
The literature I've read indicates that many members of the

trichocereus family are psychoactive. I've only tried three or four of these
and found them to be basically equal in potency. Many references
indicate that one variety, Trichocereus peruvianus, is several times as
potent by weight as the other trichocereus species. Psychoactive species
include:
T. bridgesii, T. cuzcoensis, T. fulvinanus, T. macrogonus, T. pachanoi,
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T. peruvianus, T. taquimbalensis, T. tersheckii, T. validus, T.

werdermannius.
HISTORY:
Peyote and San Pedro are New World psychedelics. In ancient times
their use was concentrated in the regions to which they are native. Peyote
was used throughout Mexico to as far north as Texas, San Pedro in the
Andes mountain region of South America. The earliest known depiction
of San Pedro cactus is on a stone tablet found in Peru dating to 1300 B.C.
Ritual objects containing images of Peyote have been found dating back
to 500 B.C. The introduction of Peyote into the U.S. and Canada, and its
use by North American Indian tribes, occurred much more recently,
beginning sometime in the late 1800s.
As with mushrooms, the Roman Catholic church tried to abolish the

use of Peyote and San Pedro. However, they were only partially
successful. Peyote use spread from Mexico to North America, and the
Native American Church was formed in 1918 to preserve Native
Americans' right to use Peyote. And with San Pedro, the ceremony
practiced by many South American shamans continued while
incorporating several Christian symbols into the rituals. The name of a
Christian saint was even adopted for the cactus.
Mescaline was the first psychedelic compound to be extracted and

isolated, which occurred in 1896. In 1919 it became the first psychedelic
to be synthesized. For the next 35 years it remained a somewhat obscure
compound known primarily to the psychiatric community. In 1953 the
popular novelist Aldous Huxley read about mescaline. Soon thereafter
Huxley tried mescaline, and brought it to the attention of the public by
writing The Doors of Perception.
Today, natives throughout North America still perform sacred Peyote

rituals. In South America shamans continue to hold traditional San Pedro

ceremonies which are associated with healing, imparting or counteracting

witchcraft, and putting one in touch with supernatural and divinatory
powers. A claim frequently heard about the San Pedro experience is that
the user embarks on a flight of a telepathic nature being transported
across time and space. A user who embarks on this "astral journey" may
perceive events happening in distant parts of the world, or in
metaphysical realms. This flight phenomenon, which I have not
encountered in my experience with San Pedro, may result from
solanaceous plants which are frequently included in the San Pedro brew
and contain the Belladonna alkaloids.
SOURCES:
In the U.S. Peyote is illegal for all but members of the Native
American Church, and it is seldom seen in the psychedelic underground.
Apparently there is even becoming a shortage for the Native American
population, since the cactus grows at a very slow rate. A typical 2"
diameter Peyote button may require 20 years to reach that size, and it has
been harvested much faster than it can grow for many years.
Synthetic or pure crystalline mescaline is one of the rarest

psychedelics, and misrepresentation of other substances as being
mescaline is very common. I've only come across true synthetic
mescaline once in my life, but have seen items ranging from LSD to
DOB (a relative of 2C-B) being sold as mescaline several times.
Illegal drug labs rarely produce mescaline for the underground market
because of its inefficiency, high cost, and lack of a market. It requires
approximately 1/2 gram of mescaline sulfate to produce a psychedelic
trip. This same amount of material would represent 4 doses of ecstasy, 20
doses of 2C-B, 50 doses of psilocin, or 2500 doses of LSD. And without
the large market of substances like ecstasy, smaller, less efficient batches
must be produced, raising the cost of production even higher. The small
amount of mescaline that is produced for the psychedelic underground
typically fetches from $100 to $200 per gram, ($50 to $100 per dose),
clearly too expensive to become a popular street drug.
Mescaline sulfate can be distinguished by the structure of its crystals.

These are approximately 1/4" long and look like fine needles or shards of
glass. The amount of mescaline needed for a high can fill two double 0
gelatin caps. Those who claim they've had mescaline in tiny microdot
pills, or as a white powder in a capsule where only 1/8th of a gram
produced a powerful experience, have been given something other than
real mescaline. Another form of mescaline which I've never tried,
mescaline hydrochloride, is said to be about 25% more potent than
mescaline sulfate.
The most readily available source of mescaline is trichocereus cacti

which can be found in many large nurseries, particularly ones that deal
exclusively in cacti and succulents. I tend to buy only from nurseries that
mark their cacti with the botanical names, and try to avoid asking for
psychoactive cacti by name. I was quite blown out when a redneck cacti
wholesaler responded to my request for Trichocereus peruvianus with
"That's supposed to be a high alkaloidal content cactus, I don't know if
that's the reason you're looking for it." Another cacti wholesaler sold me
an unmarked cactus claiming it to be T. peruvianus. It was psychoactive,
but no more so than other trichocereus species I've tried.
If the cacti sellers do not know people are buying their cacti for
psychoactive purposes it is less likely to become an issue with the
authorities. And since this magical plant is one of my favorite "legal"
highs, I'd like to see it remain legal and available indefinitely.
Trichocereus cacti are considered legal for ornamental purposes only. It
is illegal to ingest, extract, or sell for psychoactive purposes: a fairly gray
area of the law.
Before going cactus shopping I've found it useful to look at pictures

and read physical descriptions of these varieties. Many large libraries will
have a selection of books on cacti and possibly lexicons. Most varieties
of trichocereus are difficult to tell apart, and I've even seen conflicting
information in the keys of lexicons. However, these books should at least
give one an idea of which cacti to examine the name tags on. These cacti
are also frequently available from various herb and plant dealers that
cater to the underground.

DOSAGE and PREPARATION:

The amount of mescaline sulfate required for a full experience is about
500 mg. (or approximately 350 mg. of mescaline hydrochloride) Pure
mescaline should be taken in two half-doses about 30 minutes apart. This
will minimize disturbance of the stomach, which usually passes after the
first couple hours of the high. When consuming whole cacti one is
actually taking a combination of alkaloids which synergistically interact
with each other, producing an experience which is different, and
sometimes more desirable, than pure mescaline.
The potency of Peyote, as well as different people's tolerance to it,

seems to vary widely. Some people report powerful experiences from as
few as three or four Peyote buttons. More often users consume 12 to 15
buttons, and eating more than two dozen is not unheard of. The amount
of San Pedro one must consume to obtain the full effects is a piece
approximately 10" long and 3" in diameter. Cactus is most potent when
harvested during the hotter times of the year.
Trichocereus cacti are relatively quick growing and easy to make

cuttings of. Each plant may produce one or more highs worth per year.
When harvesting these cacti the top four inches of growing tip can be cut
off to be replanted. A length from beneath this can then be cut to
consume. The remaining cactus stub will also continue to grow,
frequently putting out several branches where it was cut off. The tip
cutting should be laid on its side in the sun until the exposed flesh
calluses. Once this has occurred, it should be placed upright in a half soil/
half sand mixture with good drainage. When cutting the lower,
consumable section of the cactus, care should be taken to cut at an angle,
going upwards toward the middle of the plant. The fleshy part of the
cactus will shrink in where it was cut, and if cut straight across it will
form a bowl that will hold water and tend to mold.
To prepare San Pedro for consumption I first cut out the spines, which
is fairly easy to do on most trichocereus. The next step I take is to cut the
skin off in "V" strips, cutting from the outside of each rib into the central
section of the cactus. These "V" strips are saved as they contain the most
potent flesh, although the skin itself is thick, waxy and not edible.

The process of eating San Pedro is definitely not fun. It can be

tolerated by most serious trippers, but it is difficult to consume enough
cactus to get a powerful high. The taste of different trichocereus species
ranges from very bitter to tasteless, the varieties with less taste tending to
have a slimy consistency. With these varieties the texture is the main
obstacle to consuming large quantities. I chew the cactus to a pulp and
then wash it down with some liquid. It also helps to eat some full-grain
bread as I'm doing this to soak up the liquid in my stomach.
The dark green flesh next to the skin is the most potent part of the
cactus and should be eaten first. I do this by flattening out the "V" strips
and scraping the flesh off of the skin with my teeth. I then proceed to the
central part of the cactus. This should be eaten around like corn on the
cob. The flesh on the protruding ribs should be eaten first. The core is
woody and not edible. The high begins coming on some 45 minutes after
ingesting, and since it takes a while to consume the cactus, one may start
feeling high while they are still eating.
The psychoactive alkaloids can also be extracted using water or

alcohol. To extract in water one needs to mash the cactus and boil for
several hours. One friend reports excellent results by boiling just the skin
with 3/8" of flesh attached to it, evaporating off all the liquid at about 140
degrees F, and then powderizing the resulting residue and packing it in
gelatin capsules.
Peyote is even more difficult to eat than San Pedro as the taste is
extremely bitter. Some people find that by accepting the flavor and not
cringing from it they are able to get past any aversion to eating it. One
friend even told me that dried Peyote took on the flavor and consistency
of good chocolate. However, those like myself who find the taste
intolerable can pulverize the dried buttons and pack them into gelatin
capsules.
THE HIGH:
The mescaline experience is my favorite of the traditional psychedelics
(LSD, psilocybin, mescaline). I find it has the advantages of acid: a lucid,
penetrating, focused ability of the mind, rather than the more dreamy,

drifting state I get from mushrooms. However, I feel totally relaxed with
mescaline, even calmer than I feel on mushrooms, and there's no trace of
the metallic edge usually felt on acid.
Eating whole cactus produces a more body-oriented high than pure

mescaline. San Pedro usually produces a very smooth, flowing
experience. However, the effects of Peyote are quite different due to its
unique mixture of alkaloids. With Peyote, the first couple hours of the
experience are very dream-like, drifting, almost a delirium type state.
During this time I feel groggy and sleepy and can do little more than lay
back and sink into the feeling, which is not unpleasant. Some element of
Peyote also acts as an emetic, making most people nauseous about two
hours into the trip.
I find the mescaline experience to be more visual than mushrooms or

acid. However, I've only experienced really spectacular visuals when
using synthetic mescaline. My high tolerance to most psychedelics, along
with the capacity of my stomach, has prevented me from ever being as
high as I would have liked when eating whole cactus. Like psilocybin,
mescaline tends to link me with collective evolutionary consciousness
more than synthetics like LSD. The experiences produced by these
natural psychedelics seem more "significant" than an acid high, which is
more analytical. An acid high often seems to be a by-product of
magnifying the mind, whereas with mushrooms and cactus one feels they
are in touch with something ancient, spiritual, and personal. Mescaline
has a unique signature in this context which I find most magical, a feeling
that the Gods or protective allies are smiling down on me. The duration
can be 6 to 14 hours depending on the amount consumed. The "coming
back" portion of a mescaline trip is smoother than with the other
traditional psychedelics. And I've never felt the "drained of energy" or
"neural overload" feeling that can come after an intense acid trip. This
allows for a more conscious and therapeutic return to regular
consciousness, after which I can easily sink into sleep and wake up
feeling refreshed.
Some aspects of the mescaline high are quite distinct from LSD or
mushrooms. The visions produced by mescaline have a different

character and structure. When being overtaken by a full strength

mescaline trip, I've felt more than with any traditional psychedelic that I
was an extraterrestrial being, immersing myself in new sensory
phenomena for the first time. Where LSD or psilocybin heighten and
clarify the sense of hearing, mescaline produces auditory hallucinations,
heightening the hearing sense but also causing sounds to be quite
different than normal. Mescaline also sharpens the olfactory sense to a
much finer degree than LSD or psilocybin. I've particularly noted this in
my ability to perceive the smells of numerous different plants when using
synthetic mescaline outdoors. As for aphrodisiacal use of mescaline,
wow!, it brought energies out of me that I never knew I had.
At the conclusion of this chapter is one of my favorite descriptions of a

psychedelic experience. It illustrates the depth and spiritual significance
that a mescaline experience can produce. This is a description of a Peyote
experience which Bernard Roseman undertook with members of the
Native American Church in the late l950s. It was published in The Peyote
Story, Wilshire Book Company, 1963.
COMBINATIONS:
The Belladonna alkaloids are reputed to potentiate mescaline. I haven't
tried this.
Mescaline may be significantly intensified and possibly dangerous if

combined with MAO inhibitors.
Bernard Roseman from The Peyote Story
The only mind that strayed from the meeting was my own. The
resounding drum thundered throughout my being. I could not distinguish
the hogan from the interior of my own skull. I drifted further away from
the meeting until I was completely unaware of sounds or the presence of
others. I walked over to a huge velvet curtain and as I touched it, it
slowly parted...
On the other side a magnificent world sprang up. This world was
sprinkled with little shining crystals, and the absolute silence lent itself to

a silent song that continued without an apparent end. Little droplets of

pure molten silver were falling from the heavens, and each blending of
non-existent sound had blended to become the purest light. Each sight in
this most magnificent of worlds represented infinite perfection. A sharp
knife-like distinction separated each spectacle from all others.
All about were the most perfect cogs, too perfect to be known in my
everyday world. These cogs were spinning in opposing direction to one
another, with no other purpose than BEING. The universe was enclosed
in a huge round dome and contained millions of replicas of the same
world, each representing a different plane of consciousness.
These worlds were forever missing each other by inches; and as I

mentally moved them up a degree where they met and formed the one
complete world, the state of perfect order became. I laughed at my former
prejudices and what I had considered to be sin in myself and others. I saw
all this as being my own manifestations, and only my considering it sin
had made it so.
I was living in a timeless pulsation that bridged the gap between all
barriers. I reached many eternities, and felt akin with infinity. At long last
I knew the relation all things had for one another!
All objects seemed to be complete in themselves; as I searched the

depth of an object I would see many worlds buried in it. And as I
examined each world, I saw that each had objects of its own which were
seen as worlds and objects endlessly. Everything had a new interest for
me, for everything was continuously in flux, and each new thing became
newer than it was the instant before.
All my senses merged and acted as one as they caressed and

encompassed everything they perceived. A thousand sense feelings
closed in upon me, stirring up within waves of climaxes that kept sending
my mind to even greater, undreamed-of heights. The beginning was
forgotten and no end was in sight. I had arrived back to the place of my
origin. As each mystery exposed its true nature to me, each revelation
was accompanied by vast explosions of vibratory color, flowing liquid

blending perfectly together to form a sea of radiant beauty.
A consummation of me, my purpose and creator unfolded and seethed

to further heights undreamed of; a tremendous upsurge of blissful
emotion poured its intention into a tiny shell that expanded larger and
larger. It reached its unbearable breaking point, and then release as the
shell burst and a huge burning white flower grew bigger and bigger at a
slow unceasing rate; the petals reached out to their fullest extreme, and
then closed at the same unceasing rate, to rest...
I continued to float in this heaven of satisfaction and contentment for

an immeasurable time. Then far off in the distance I heard a thunderous
sound which vibrated my world of infinite color; the sound became
louder, and I was wisked backwards through the velvet curtain of
confusion once again.
As I returned to the hogan I saw myself as a huge magnet and all my

worldly emotions and attachments as being small iron shavings
and at the instant of returning these shavings sprang up, charging in on

me, until I was once again a victim of sense objects and emotions. I
reluctantly opened my eyes and saw the Indians across from me still
singing and chanting. Tears formed in my eyes and I realized the world
that someday awaits my return. A peace descended over me that I was
heretofore not familiar with, and I recognized it as being the peace that
descends when life transcends to death.
I looked about me and felt more Indian than white as I was carried
along in the rhythm of the chants as we gave our combined thanks to
Pioniyo.

D. M. Turner - Ecstasy
ECSTASY
THE HEART OPENING
PSYCHEDELIC
INTENSITY: 2 to 4
MATERIAL:
Ecstasy is a synthetic compound developed in 1914 as a potential
dietary aid. However, its psychoactive effects were not discovered until
the mid-Seventies. It was used widely in therapy from this time until
1985 when it was made illegal. Its chemical name is 3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as "X",
"E", or "Adam." It usually comes as a white crystalline powder or made
into tablets.
DOSAGE:
125 mg. (1/8th of a gram) is generally considered a single dose of
ecstasy. This amount will produce an experience lasting about four hours
total, with the intensity dropping off a couple hours into the high. Many
recreational X users do what's called "double dosing," taking an
additional 125 mg. as soon as the first dose starts wearing off. My
personal preference is to take one large dose of 150 to 170 mg. which
produces an intense but short lasting experience. I prefer this method
because it reduces the side effects a double dose of X can produce.
Ecstasy should be taken on an empty stomach. If one ingests it on a full
stomach they might not get high at all, or may have a delayed trip.
THE HIGH:
When ecstasy is coming on it feels fantastically exhilarating. Users
report feeling blissed out, energetic, and emotionally opened and loving.
The ride up usually lasts 30 minutes to an hour. One then reaches a
plateau where they'll be for the next one to two hours, followed by a slow
drift back to baseline. Taking multiple doses will change the timing of
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these periods.
Most X users report that their first couple of experiences are like being
in heaven, and leave a strong impression. Experiences after this are still
enjoyable but can't match the initial ride. After numerous X trips, I've
concluded that lasting and beneficial experiences are derived primarily
from deep bonding with other people while one is high. Nearly all of my
better X experiences happened when I was with either one other person
or a small group of close friends. This framework for using ecstasy
closely parallels how it was used in therapeutic settings. Ecstasy's ability
to allow emotions to flow more easily and naturally, and to create an
atmosphere of nonjudgment and acceptance, is conducive to deep
bonding and healing. I find that the more general feeling of
"connectedness," which users report feeling with larger groups of people
at events such as raves, tends to dissipate, leaving one feeling hollow by
the time the drug wears off.
Ecstasy is not really "psychedelic" in the same way as other substances

in this journal. It does not have the potential to produce the fine level of
detail in hallucinations that is possible with substances like LSD or
mushrooms. Indeed many users experience no visual phenomena at all
with ecstasy. Ecstasy also does not heighten one's senses to the level of
infinite sharpness that is common with the traditional psychedelics.
Ecstasy is sometimes called an empathogen because of its ability to
facilitate emotional empathy and communication. I've also heard it
referred to as a "selective psychedelic." I think this describes it the best.
Ecstasy opens one's mind in a psychedelic way, but much of the
personality and perceptual structure are left intact that would be
diminished on other, non-selective psychedelics. This makes ecstasy
usable by many people who could not handle the effects of something
like LSD. With ecstasy one does not go through the dissolution of
identity, and can not get into the multitude of "weird" head spaces that
can be experienced during an LSD trip. More than any other psychedelic,
ecstasy seems to produce very similar experiences in different people,
generally described as loving and emotionally opened. While
advantageous to the novice psychedelic user, ecstasy's limited experience-
producing range provides a low ceiling to the more adventurous

psychonaut.
Ecstasy rarely produces a bad experience, but there are some negative
aspects to ecstasy's signature. I find ecstasy can be one of the hardest
psychedelics to come down from, particularly if I've double dosed. I tend
to feel depressed as the blissful ecstasy feelings slip away. My previous
personality feels "sticky" at this point, and I feel I have less options
choosing my return personality than I would returning from the
traditional psychedelics. Ecstasy also produces some side effects: a
speedy feeling throughout the experience, often accompanied by jaw
clenching (it is in the amphetamine family), a loss of appetite, and
sometimes a hangover the next day.
SAFETY FACTORS:
Ecstasy is the only psychedelic I've used which leaves me feeling any
less than perfect the next day, and this experience seems to be common
among most users of ecstasy. Based on this, I suspect that ecstasy is not
the most benign substance to take into one's body, and I've reduced my
consumption to an infrequent basis.
There have been a few cases of people who died from heat stroke
following the use of ecstasy in dance clubs. They became dehydrated
after dancing for hours without drinking any fluids. Although this is rare,
it's a reminder for one to pay attention to their body's basic needs while
using ecstasy or any other substance.
I've read numerous clinical articles on ecstasy. There does not appear
to be conclusive evidence one way or the other as to whether it causes
any type of damage to humans, or whether any potential damage caused
is permanent or reversible. However, many who are concerned with safe
use have gleaned suggestions from these articles.
Although large doses of ecstasy produced some neurotoxicity [1] in lab

animals, damage was significantly less to non-existent with a smaller
dose (equivalent to 100-150 mg. for most humans.) Other experiments
showed that a single dose of Prozac (a prescription anti-depressant drug)
will completely block the neurotoxic effects ecstasy can produce in lab

animals.
The Prozac can be taken up to six hours after the ecstasy. I've taken
Prozac toward the end of about 20 X trips, and in most cases I've felt
better the next day than I normally do after taking ecstasy alone. Prozac
is considered a controversial drug. Some of the people to whom it was
prescribed on a regular basis claim it gave them suicidal tendencies.
Apparently a small percentage of the people who try Prozac have some
type of negative mental reaction. Several people I know have first tried
Prozac by itself, to see what their reaction to it is, before taking it at the
end of an ecstasy trip.
As mentioned above, taking ecstasy without Prozac, especially

multiple doses, has a tendency to give one a hangover the next day. This
can leave one feeling physically drained and mentally frizzled. One's
chances of feeling bad the next day can be greatly reduced by taking just
a single dose of X. Another method of reducing or eliminating this
hangover is to take amino acids such as DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA) or
other neurotransmitter precursors prior to and after ingesting the ecstasy.
These nutrients are available from health food and vitamin stores and are
frequently included in "smart drinks." I've also read that all of the
phenethylamine drugs produce free radicals, and that taking anti-oxidant
formulas, also available at most health food stores, can help prevent
damage from their use.
COMBINATIONS:
LSD - Ecstasy is frequently taken with LSD, a combination commonly
known as "candyflip." I find the feelings produced by this combination
can be much deeper and more visual than on ecstasy alone. But since the
ecstasy has a much heavier signature than the acid, I tend to experience
more of an intensified ecstasy high, and lose the depth I would
experience on acid alone. If taken around the same time, the ecstasy will
wear off first, while the residual high from the acid provides for a
smoother recovery.
NITROUS OXIDE - Using nitrous with X is growing in popularity,

particularly in the rave scene. See the LSD chapter for information on

nitrous oxide.
Ecstasy may be significantly intensified and possibly dangerous if

See the 2C-B chapter.
1. Neurotoxicity was measured in these cases as a reduction in the levels of serotinin,

a neurotransmitter present in the brain tissue.

D. M. Turner - 2C-B
2C-B
THE EROTIC EMPATHOGEN
SAFETY FACTORS:
2C-B is highly dosage sensitive. Taking an amount just slightly above
the recommended dose can produce an intense experience that most
people find forced and unpleasant. With any substance there are a few
people who will exhibit unusually high or low sensitivity. Therefore, in
order to avoid an undesirably intense experience, many users start with a
small dose of 2C-B, around 8 mg., and work their way up.
INTENSITY:
2 to 7, varying with the dosage and the individual's sensitivity to this
compound.
MATERIAL:
2C-B (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a psychedelic/

empathogen developed by Alexander Shulgin. Shulgin has invented
around 200 psychoactive compounds including DOM (a.k.a. STP), an
ultra-potent psychedelic that appeared briefly on the street in the late
Sixties. Recently a large amount of 2C-B has been distributed under the
street name "Nexus." In the past 2C-B has also been distributed as "Eve"
and "Venus. "
DOSAGE and ADMINISTRATION:

2C-B should be ingested, preferably on an empty stomach. As
mentioned above, 2C-B is extremely dosage sensitive, and the amount
required is so small that a sophisticated scale is needed to accurately
weigh a single dose. With "street" 2C-B it is hard to know exactly how
much is in a capsule. This is likely to cause some unexpected heavy trips
if 2C-B becomes a popular drug and dosage information and knowledge
is not made available. People who have a quantity of 2C-B often dilute it
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D. M. Turner - 2C-B
in an inert powder before measuring individual doses to provide greater

accuracy.
In PIHKAL Shulgin lists the dosage range as 16 to 24 mg. Another

writing on 2C-B lists the range as 12 to 30 mg. Shulgin's descriptions of
the effects of different dosages can be summarized as follows: 16 mg.
produces a "museum level" experience. One can go about in public with
slightly enhanced perception, such as may be appropriate for going to a
public museum, etc. 20 to 24 mg. will produce a more psychedelic
experience with visuals and intensified feelings
I've seen no literature on 2C-B which recommends a dose above 30

mg. Gracie and Zarkov, who are very experienced trippers, each took 40
mg. in error and had unpleasant experiences. Shulgin reports on
overdoses up to 100 mg. that produced frightening experiences but
caused no permanent damage. However, some people, like myself, have
an unusually low sensitivity to 2C-B and other substances in the
phenethylamine family. I find that I must consume 50 mg. to produce
experiences that most people obtain with 25 to 35 mg.
THE HIGH:
My experiences with 2C-B have been quite varied. With a low,
"museum level" dose, I experience what resembles a speedy acid high
hardly worth discussing. It is when I take a somewhat larger dose that the
unique aspects of this substance begin to manifest. It is definitely an "up"
experience. There is lots of physical energy. The visual aspect can be
extraordinary, with intense vivid colors and intricate patterning that is
reminiscent of mescaline visuals and seems charged with electricity. In
one experience the visuals appeared as complete chaos before becoming
a portion of a vast cosmic order. On a good dose of 2C-B I'm content to
just lay back for hours and trip on watching my mind.
On some occasions 2C-B has given me visibility into what I will call
the "assembly" or "machine" language of the mind. As an example, if you
see the number 3, the typical response is to identify the symbol as the
number 3, and think about its meaning within the context you are seeing
it. On a finer scale, many thousands of neurons are connected in the

D. M. Turner - 2C-B
brain's interpretation and identification of the symbol and linkage to the

stored memory of 3. While on 2C-B, I've seen that only 80-90% of this
mental "signal" comes back as 3, the remaining 10-20% having
connected elsewhere in the mind or run into closed synapses, etc. I have
found this awareness of the mind's "assembly" language to be
simultaneously insightful, discombobulating, and humorous.
2C-B is considered an empathogen and many users have reported

powerful and transformative empathogenic experiences from its use. I've
only had strong empathogenic content in about 25% of my 2C-B
experiences. However, I found this empathogenic quality to be very deep
and transformative, much more meaningful than the comparatively
shallow emotional bliss that I tend to experience on ecstasy. Where the
feelings of ecstasy can be repetitive or predictable, 2C-B allows me to
continually explore different types of feelings.
On the negative side, the 2C-B experience has a tendency to feel

"forced" in comparison with the more flowing nature of ecstasy or LSD.
When taking a large dose of 2C-B, one's ability to accept whatever the
mind presents, without trying to push away unwanted thoughts, will
reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant experience. 2C-B also seems to
produce a constant low-level agitation or interference in the mind. I
notice this if I try to quiet my mind to meditate or listen to music. This
slight "buzz' that is always present is quite distinct from the ocean of
luxuriantly transparent silence that often surrounds one during an LSD
trip.
Like ecstasy, 2C-B can not match the depth, purity, or realism of the
traditional psychedelics. However, it is much more psychedelic than
ecstasy, and its unique attributes make it an interesting substance to
explore. One of 2C-B's unique attributes is that it simultaneously
strengthens certain aspects of the ego or identity while dissolving others.
For myself and many friends who've used 2C-B this has resulted in a
highly positive influence on our self-image, both during and after the
experience, including the idea that the physical body is a sacred
manifestation of the creative consciousness.

D. M. Turner - 2C-B
Although I have yet to see this amongst the 2C-B users I know, I
suspect that for less balanced or grounded individuals 2C-B could
strengthen negative aspects of the ego, thereby producing the type of
changes one often sees in amphetamine users.
2C-B is known for its ability to enhance sexual perception and

performance, and I've found 2C-B to work excellently for this purpose.
Whereas on ecstasy, although it is common to feel much love, emotional
closeness, and empathy for your partner, it can be difficult to focus on
sex or maintain an erection, and it's especially difficult to reach orgasm.
With 2C-B, sexual feeling is greatly enhanced. I can remain in an

excited state for hours and the experience of the sexual energy exchange
is intense and electric. I've found that with any psychedelic it's best to
begin sexual activity either early in the experience before awareness is
too spread out, or shortly after the peak. I consider mescaline and LSD to
be the best psychedelics for aphrodisiacs, although some people get too
spaced out or emotionally involved to concentrate on sex.
COMBINATIONS:
Ecstasy - 2C-B is frequently combined with ecstasy. In therapeutic use
the 2C-B is generally taken at the tail end of the ecstasy experience.
Many people have found that 2C-B allows them to develop and retain the
insights from the ecstasy experience which would otherwise have a
tendency to slip away. I've also had excellent results taking a small
amount of ecstasy (80 mg.) some 1 1/2 hours after the 2C-B. This
produces a trip with an incredibly deep empathogenic content that I have
never experienced on either of the substances alone.
2C-B combines quite remarkably with Ketamine. See the Multiple

Combinations chapter.
2C-B may be significantly intensified and possibly dangerous if


D. M. Turner - 2C-B

D. M. Turner - DMT
DMT
CANDY FOR THE MIND
INTENSITY: 9 to 10
SAFETY FACTORS:
5-MeO-DMT is an MAO inhibitor. See list of items not to take with
MAO inhibitors on page 19. Since DMT takes effect almost immediately,
users normally lie down or sit in a reclining position prior to taking a hit.
One will neither be able to stand up, or have the ability to recognize their
surroundings if they get a good hit.
MATERIAL:
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and 5-Methoxy-Dimethyltryptamine are
naturally occurring psychedelics found in a variety of plants around the
world, several of which are native to the Amazon region. These alkaloids,
which are usually found together in the plants, are also found in the
human brain as neurotransmitters, as well as m our blood, urine, and
spinal fluid [1]. DMT is produced in the human pineal gland which is
correlated to the "3rd eye" or Ajna Chakra in the Indian spiritual system.
Meditative states attained by yogis who concentrate on the 3rd eye may
be the result of increased DMT levels. DMT is produced in heavy
concentration in the glands of some tropical toads, such as Bufo Alvarius.
Some people actually make a practice of squeezing out this venom, then
drying and smoking it to get high.
N,N-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are also manufactured synthetically, as

separate compounds, and sold on the underground market And although
it's quite rare in the psychedelic underground, synthetic DMT is used
much more often than DMT from natural sources.
HISTORY:
There are several plant sources of DMT, many of which have uniquely
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D. M. Turner - DMT
different histories of use. Normally DMT is not active if taken orally. It

must be either smoked or snorted for any psychoactive effects. To obtain
a full strength DMT experience, one must take the entire dose into their
system in a short period of time.
Two sources of DMT, Anadenanthera peregrina and Virola theiodora,

are made into snuffs, commonly known as Yopo and Epena, respectively.
The natives of the Amazon region have ingenious methods for getting a
good dose of these snuffs. One method calls for a "snorter" through
which they inhale with both nostrils at once. The most effective is a
snorting device for two people. This device has a tube going from the
mouth of each person to the nose of the other Rather than snorting, once
the device is loaded, one person "blows'; the DMT snuff into the other's
nose, getting a large amount deep into the nasal cavity. The person who
received the first hit must quickly blow a dose into the other person's
nose before falling into a tryptamine trance, "trypping."
Elsewhere in the Amazon, DMT-containing plants like Psychotria

veridis are included in brews known as Ayahuasca or Yage. These brews
include Banisteriopsis caapi, which is a source of Harmala alkaloids, and
occasionally plants from the Belladonna family. The combination of
Harmala alkaloids and DMT is amazing. The Harmala alkaloids intensify
the DMT "tryp," and in my opinion produce a deeper, more spiritual
experience. The Harmala alkaloids which are MAO inhibitors, also allow
the DMT to be active when taken orally.
How the natives discovered this combination boggles the mind. The
healers and shamans that work with Ayahuasca claim that the spirits of
the plants talk to them, telling them which plants to use in their brews,
and which plants will heal various diseases. I believe their claims, since
they certainly didn't have modern technical knowledge to predict the
results of such combinations. And it's unlikely they could have tried all of
the combinations of the thousands of plants growing in the Amazon
jungle. I've also noticed increased synergy with plant consciousness in
my own DMT experiments.

D. M. Turner - DMT
The dosage for 5-MeO-DMT is 5 to 10 mg. The dosage for N,N-DMT

is about 40 mg. Smaller amounts will produce some perceptual changes
but will not bring one to the unique dimensions normally reached on
DMT. The entire dose of DMT needs to be consumed in a short amount
of time. If one doesn't get enough within the first 60 seconds they won't
get much higher by smokmg more.
Synthetic DMT usually comes in a crystalline form as an off-white to

brownish or yellowish powder. Smoking DMT can be tricky. I load the
DMT into a glass pipe with a fine mesh stainless steel screen. The flame
should be kept about 1/2" away from the DMT. Toking very slowly, I
draw in enough heat to melt and then vaporize the DMT. The flame
should never touch the DMT as burning it will destroy some, as well as
producing a nasty taste. I've found that the slower the DMT is vaporized,
the more I seem to get out of it. I've also found it helpful to place a small
amount of ash in the bottom of the pipe bowl. This will work to hold the
melted DMT before it is vaporized to prevent it from running through the
screen and down the stem of the pipe. One can also use a hash oil pipe,
but it's easy to burn your mouth with a concentrated hit of hot vapor. The
smoke has a harsh, plastic-like taste, and tends to make people yak. I've
had to train my lungs not to cough it out. Although it's harsh comma in, it
doesn't expand like cannabis, and the smoke cools quickly.
Glass pipes can be difficult to find. Many head shops don't sell them
since they are often used for crack cocaine. A pipe made of another
material will work, but does not allow one to look into the bowl to
monitor the melting/vaporization of the DMT, and to see if it's leaking
through the screen and running down the stem of the pipe. I also enjoy
watching the intricate patterns of the DMT recrystallizing inside the stem,
and more importantly, once enough has collected on the inside of the
stem, I can heat up a glass pipe for a few good hits.
Sometimes DMT comes soaked into parsley flakes or cannabis. This is

frequently done with 5-MeO-DMT since the amount required for one
high, 5 to 10 mg., can only be weighed on a sophisticated scale. In this
case one must smoke the DMT by burning the parsley or cannabis This
will work, but not quite as well as vaporization.

D. M. Turner - DMT
Plant material containing DMT requires some method of extraction

prior to use. Most of the plants containing DMT are scarce in this
country, and instructions for a pure DMT extraction are hard to find.
Typically, DMT-containing plants are used in a brew, in combination
with Harmala alkaloids. This way one need not be concerned with getting
the entire dose in a short amount of time, and a simple water extraction
should suffice.
THE HIGH:
The highs from N,N-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT are similar yet have some
distinct differences. The typical DMT tryp is an order of magmtude more
potent than a trip on the traditional psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin or
mescaline). When smoking DMT the high comes on within about 30
seconds. Within the next 30 seconds I am propelled to a high as intense
as the peak of a 1000+ mcg. acid trip. Generally by this point I will be
completely out of my body and unaware of my physical surroundings.
This intense part of the experience, although seeming timeless while I'm
in it, lasts only 2 to 5 minutes. I then drift back quickly to regular
consciousness. On 5-MeO I am back within 20 minutes, with N.N.I am
back in 30 minutes. In the Sixties DMT was called "The businessman's
lunch trip."
What one will experience on DMT is impossible to predict. It can

range from heaven to hell, cyberspace to jeweled palaces, fear or
personified evil, visions of jungle animals, contacts with extraterrestrials,
links with ancient spirits, or adventures with fairies and elves. The DMT
user should be prepared for anything. On a full dose of DMT (or
Ketamine) one can not guide the tryp with the mind or thoughts the way
an LSD trip can be guided. One can, however direct the tryp by what I
will call the "intent of the soul" or will.
Many users, including myself, have felt possessed by various spirits

while on DMT, as if becoming a medium and channeling alien thoughts.
This can be quite heavy. It has been generally positive for myself and the
people I've smoked DMT with, but I've heard stories from others who
have expenenced the opposite extreme.

D. M. Turner - DMT
On DMT the perception of time slows to nearly a complete stop.

During this stage one may feel that they are not breathing, or that their
heart has stopped. However, this is due to one's state of perception. Many
users report being aware of millions of vibrations and sounds going
through the universe and their bodies, the body often bursting with
energies they never knew existed. One can let these feelings flow through
them, or if appropriate, direct the movements to some type of dance,
yogic exercise, or drumming. These "physically manifesting" energies are
gentler on N,N-DMT than on 5-MeO-DMT.
DMT frequently produces changes in the facial expression of the user,

which can appear quite bizarre to an onlooker. It would seem as though
the human face has the potential for a far greater number of expressions
than we normally use, possibly even the ability to carry on sophisticated
communication through facial expression. DMT acts as a catalyst to
awaken this realm of movement by exercising the muscles involved and
realigning the underlying energies. It's also possible for this realignment
of energies to take place in other areas of the body, occasionally
instigating a shamanic dance.
In recent years DMT has become quite notorious in the psychedelic

underground, primarily through the writings of Terence McKenna. And
despite the fact that it is rare and highly sought after, once it becomes
available to those who are seeking it, very few people use it frequently
after a short period of initial use. I've assumed that many people have joy
rides for their first several trips, then have an experience which is
extremely frightening or intense, leaving them intimidated about
continuing DMT use. However, I like a friend's recent explanation for
this observation better: "DMT gets progressively 'weirder' as you keep
smoking it."
What I've described about DMT so far can be applied to both varieties.
However, some characteristics of the two are quite different. I had been
using 5-MeO-DMT for a few years before obtaining any N,N-DMT.
After I first tried N,N-DMT I concluded that 5-MeO-DMT feels like
sheer force, whereas N,N-DMT feels like sheer perfection.

D. M. Turner - DMT
5-MeO-DMT is the more potent of the two in terms of: the size of the
dose required, how quickly it comes on and how forcefully it blows apart
my universe. On 5-MeO I can literally feel my mind exploding and
expanding outward to encompass first the area near me, then the planet,
and eventually the cosmos. This takes place over a span of 15 seconds or
so.
5-MeO does not produce as spectacular visuals as N,N-DMT. Most

frequently for me the 5-MeO visuals are intensely complex,
multidimensional, and quickly-moving geometric designs. These,
however, are primarily in black and white, checkerboard style. At times
there is some color, and on occasion the visuals are abundantly colorful,
especially with large doses. I've found taking a hit of 5-MeO just before
having an orgasm to be most enjoyable, and this often makes the visuals
abundantly colorful. However, getting the timing right on this can take
some practice.
5-MeO increases pulse rate and blood pressure, more so than N,N-
DMT, but not to the extent as a whiff of amyl nitrite. 5-MeO can also
produce breathing irregularities which may take some getting used to. If
one does not get a good dose of 5-MeO all they will feel are some bodily
symptoms, and a slight alteration of consciousness especially in the
visual field. A small dose of N,N-DMT will stili produce a psychedelic
trip, but without the intensity and depth of a full-dose experience.
N,N-DMT comes on a bit slower, less forcefully, enchanting the

smoker with its magical nature. I've often found myself transported to a
fairy tale world where little gnomes pop out of nowhere, laugh, and smile
at me. On N,N-DMT I've never had to worry that the universe is too small
to contain me and that I might crash into its boundaries when my mind
has expanded all the way. Where 5-MeO-DMT can awe or frighten with
its incredible power N,N-DMT tends to delight with its brilliant, magical,
and hypnotic nature. This is not to say that N,N-DMT experiences can not
be frightening. In a way they can be the most frightening of all
psychedelic experiences, since they leave a portion of the ego intact
while allowing access to realms of discarnate entities and awesomely
powerful psychic energies. Almost everyone I've known who has used N,

D. M. Turner - DMT
N-DMT repeatedly, eventually encounters deeper fear than they've ever

felt before.
The visuals produced by N,N-DMT are spectacular. I see more

swirling, kaleidoscopic universes per square millimeter of visual space
than on anything else. The detail and intricacy of the patterns and the
brilliance of the colors is also unsurpassable. The visuals are usually a
mixture of kaleidoscopic-geometric forms, archetypal symbols, and
outlandish and unimaginable images of people, places and things. The
images also "move" and are arranged in a manner which is different than
the traditional psychedelics and in keeping with N,N-DMT's enchanting
nature.
If one smokes a smaller amount of N,N-DMT, say around 20 mg., they

will tend to experience only the visual aspect of the high, without getting
in touch with gnomes and discarnate entities. Following is a friend's
description of DMT visuals produced by smoking 20 mg. doses every 20
to 30 minutes. "The vibration is still very strong at this level and objects
in the room become cartoonish and jeweled with rotating 'pools' of
interlocked spiraling gems on wall surfaces and ceiling. At the peak of
the 20 mg. tokes, brilliantly changing latticework becomes apparent
within. A gooey liquid of phosphorescent brilliance knits itself into neon
lattices of emerald green and iridescent blue against a molten gold
background. Always changing, always new, always novel, these
geometric storms of shape and color never cease to amaze me with their
beauty and intricacy; something one can FEEL as well as see. Clouds of
molten gold liquid, boiling, seethe into arabesques and chainwork
networks. Each node of each net and lattice form a jeweled point of
incredible pure color, all rotating and pulsating through the eyes, brain,
and stomach, as one becomes a transparent electric ghost deciphering
mysto-glyphs for eternity! "
This next experience comes from a friend who smoked a full-strength

dose. "The stuff hit me instantaneously. MILLIONS of brilliantly colored
little 'skull clowns' swarmed me in a most visionary way while emitting
crickling, tinging sounds which looked like violet sparks coming out of
their mouths. These tiny skull clowns were laughing most musically as I

D. M. Turner - DMT
died in the light. Melt down - feels like drowning and being electrocuted
at the same time. Some fear is good though, and pretty soon the skull
clown swarm had laughed me through death to a place of jeweled coiling
roots and capillaries, swaying endlessly in a gem lit sea... The glowing,
ember-like afterimage instantly swirls and shatters into blue and red
sizzling domes that pinwheel ecstatically into a Creative, God-Thing with
a trillion jeweled eyes that dissolves into an atomic ocean. This is the
multi-eyed God that is my Creator, Master, Destroyer. I am nothing
compared to this Thing which has no ego boundaries whatsoever and can
turn into anything it damn well wishes, even death itself if it wants to!"
DMT visuals are best in diffused sunlight, in contrast to something like

mushrooms whose visuals are best in a pitch black forest. With DMT I've
had excellent results adjusting my venetian blinds so that grids of
sunlight are bouncing around the room. Since all psychedelics greatly
enhance visual perception, I enjoy trying them with as many different
visual stimuli as possible: a pitch black room, a desert sunset, full
moonlight, blacklights, strobes, Pink Floyd concerts, raves, multi-media
images, and lasers.
N,N-DMT also has a unique "selective anesthetic" property to it. Both

body and mind feel simultaneously stimulated and anesthetized, as
though every other nerve were switched full on or full off.
I've also been noticing an attribute of DMT and psilocybin mushrooms

(which are essentially long-lasting tryptamines) which set these
substances apart from other psychedelics such as LSD or Ketamine. With
LSD, Ketamine, or any other synthetic psychedelic, I typically feel that I
am interacting with my mind, and a universal process of consciousness
change where the self-identity is dissolved and then reformulated. These
same processes occur with DMT and mushrooms. However, with these
substances I often get the sense that I am also interacting with an
intelligent entity who is vastly superior to me in knowledge and breadth
of consciousness. This entity seems to be quite aware of what's
transpiring in my mind, and is able to instruct and to tailor the experience
so that it's personally suited to me.

D. M. Turner - DMT
With DMT one tends not to go through the personality breakdown and
rebuilding process that takes place with the traditional psychedelics. Or if
one does go through it, the process is so quick they tend not to notice it
happening. Under the force of DMT one must relax, release, and let it
come over them. Trying to resist DMT's overwhelming influence and the
inevitable dissolution of the identity will be unpleasant, and it won't
work. A DMT tryp tends to be out of body, out of personality, and
sometimes outside of the mind. For these reasons some people I know
who've used DMT do not consider it a good tool for psychological
development. The DMT experience can be like a quick trip to the void or
the funhouse. Since it is so different than normal reality it can be difficult
for the user to bring any of the tryp back to daily life. However, this
changes significantly when DMT is done in combination with the
Harmala alkaloids.
THE DMT HIGH WITH HARMALA ALKALOIDS:

Harmala alkaloids potentiate DMT, not only in intensity and duration,
but also in content and quality. The Harmala alkaloids also make DMT
orally active, this being the method by which DMT is traditionally
consumed in the Ayahuasca brews of the Amazon region. I have only
recently begun experimenting with ingested DMT, and these experiences
are described later in the chapter DMT ~ Water Spirit. The Harmala
alkaloids also intensify smoked DMT, and I have described this method
of administration below.
Prior to smoking or ingesting the DMT one should wait until they are
feeling the effects of the Harmala alkaloids. This will prevent the DMT
from being metabolized prematurely. (See chapter on Harmala alkaloids.)
Harmala only slightly intensifies 5-MeO-DMT. Therefore, one still needs
to smoke 5 mg. or so to get a powerful high. It does, however, prolong
the normally 2-3 minute peak to 10-20 minutes, with the total experience
lasting between 40 minutes and two hours.
N,N-DMT is significantly intensified by Harmala. Smoking 15-20 mg.

of N,N-DMT while on Harmala will produce an experience as intense as
smoking 40 mg. of N,N-DMT by itself. This is especially useful because
it's difficult to smoke 40 mg. of harsh tasting DMT. Harmala will also

D. M. Turner - DMT
extend the N,N-DMT experience to about 30 to 40 minutes total.
The high of both types of DMT while on Harmala is a much slower

process. I don't feel "blown out of my mind" quite so quickly. The focus
of the experience becomes personally involved, rather than the feeling
that I'm a voyager in some alien realm. I tend to experience an increased
awareness of my mind, body, and subtle energy. I often feel that my body
and Being are "embraced" by an ancient earth spirit. And this earth spirit
is instructing me to become aware of, and open up, many lines of
communication that exist between my mind, body and the extemal world.
In combination with Harmala the DMT high does not "disappear,"
leaving me suddenly back in normal reality. I have more time to absorb
the experience and make it a part of me.
The combination of 5-MeO-DMT and Harmala produces the most

powerful experience I have ever felt. This tends to be both physically and
mentally overwhelming. I've had some good journeys with this
combination but I've also become violently nauseous and experienced
extreme discomfort, and I've witnessed other people go through sheer
misery. One friend who ingested 5-MeO + Harmala felt he had entered
into an ill-intentioned pact with a spirit, and while trying to fight his way
out of the pact, went into convulsions and bit the inside of his mouth.
Since there is such a high percentage of intensely unpleasant experiences
with this combination I've recently reverted to taking 5-MeO-DMT alone,
and most acquaintances of mine who've used this combination have done
likewise.
Some users feel that the DMT high is "warbly" in combination with
Harmala and lacks the "Diamond Consciousness" of DMT alone. Since
Harmala slows the onset of 5-MeO-DMT so drastically, I've found that I
lose much of the brilliance that can be experienced using 5-MeO-DMT
alone. However, I don't find that Harmala produces any degradation of
the N.N. DMT experience. N,N-DMT is like a rocket to another
dimension, with or without the Harmala alkaloids.

D. M. Turner - DMT
1. See The Psychedelics Encyclopedia by Peter Stafford

D. M. Turner - Harmala Alkaloids
HARMALA ALKALOIDS
LINK TO THE
ANCIENT SPIRITS
INTENSITY:
1 to 2. Harmala alkaloids are usually not potent psychedelics when
taken alone. Their main use is to potentiate other psychedelics.
SAFETY FACTORS:
Harmala alkaloids are MAO inhibitors. See list of items not to take
with MAO inhibitors in the Safety chapter. The Harmala alkaloids are
emetics and can produce intense nausea if used in large amounts.
MATERIAL:
The Harmala alkaloids: harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine... are
found in a variety of plants. The most notorious of these is Banisteriopsis
caapi, a vine native to the Amazon region which is an active ingredient
of the "Ayahuasca" or "Yage" brews of the Native South Americans.
Reports from Gracie and Zarkov's Notes From the Underground and
Jonathan Ott's Pharmacotheon indicate that the bark of Banisteriopsis
caapi contains between .2 and 1.3% mixed Harmala alkaloids.
The most concentrated source of Harmala alkaloids is the seed of

Peganum harmala, commonly known as Syrian Rue. This plant grows in
many areas of the world: Africa, the Middle East, India, South America,
Mexico, and Southern U.S. The seeds contain from 2 to 7 % mixed
Harmala alkaloids. The majority of my experiments with Harmala have
been done with Syrian Rue, this being the most potent and readily
available source of Harmala.
SOURCES:
Banisteriopsis caapi must normally be procured in the Amazon jungle.
On rare occasions it is sold by specialty plant and herb dealers who
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specialize in this type of substance.
Peganum harmala seed can be picked wild in many of the areas listed
above. It can also be procured from specialty seed and herb dealers, and
occasionally as stock for making dye. Some seed dealers will not ship
Syrian Rue seed to California since a "noxious weed" law prohibits this.
Apparently Syrian Rue is a hardy plant and will take over other
vegetation if planted in the same area.
A native gathers Banisteriopsis caapi, "Vine of the Soul "

Photograph courtesy Richard Evans Schultes.
THE HIGH:
The Harmala experience by itself is generally quite mild, although
some acquaintances of mine have obtained full psychedelic effects from

Syrian Rue by consuming small amounts over the course of a day to

circumvent the nausea.
I'm primarily interested in how Harmala potentiates and enhances

other psychedelics. Ingesting a "potentiating" dose of Harmala produces
feelings of subtle energy flowing and a slight enhancement of perception.
Concentrated Harmala may be smoked for a more mind/less body
oriented high, often with feelings of euphoria and relaxation. I find it a
nice alternative to a cannabis high, more meditative and relaxed.
DOSAGE AND PREPARATION:

Approximately three grams of Syrian Rue seed is required for a
potentiating dose. (1 1/4 teaspoons of finely ground seeds.) Gracie and
Zarkov and I all found that a certain amount of Harmala acts like a switch
in potentiating the effects of other psychedelics. A larger dose does not
seem to increase this "potentiating effect" but only increases the physical
symptoms such as nausea. Three grams of Syrian Rue seems to be a
aufficient amount to potentiate other psychedelics without being too hard
on the stomach.
Syrian Rue is prepared by first grinding the seeds in a coffee grinder.

The resulting powder is then put into gelatin capsules. Using this method
it will take about two hours for the Syrian Rue to take effect. Some users
boil the powder for a few minutes to make a tea which will come on in
just one hour, but the taste of the tea is rather bitter. Lately I've been
spreading my consumption of Syrian Rue over an hours time which
further reduces stomach disturbances.
Syrian Rue and other sources of Harmala can also be extracted. Gracie
and Zarkov used vodka as a solvent. The extract I tried has some
advantages over the seed form. It can be smoked, which produces a very
nice high and comes on within minutes. And the extract, smoked or
ingested, seems to produce less nausea and other physical symptoms for
the same intensity of high. However, smoking Harmala won't produce as
long-lasting an effect as ingesting, when used alone as well as when used
to enhance other psychedelics.

COMBINATIONS:
Harmala potentiates many psychedelics. It has a long history of use as
a main ingredient in Ayahuasca or Yage where it was included to
potentiate and enhance DMT. In fact, these brews would have been
impotent without the addition of Harmala since DMT is not normally
active when taken orally. Harmala inhibits enzymes which normally
destroy DMT in the stomach before it can reach the brain. Harmala also
reduces the speed at which DMT is metabolized within the brain.
Harmala adds its own signature to the experience of the other

psychedelics I've tried it with. I experience this signature as a connection
to: the collective unconscious, the earth spirit (gaia), the evolutionary
mythologies and archetypes of the past. It also tends to tune me into the
subtle energies and feelings of the body. Most of my friends who've
experimented with Harmala report similar results. These aspects of
Harmala are perfect to bring an already cosmic high, like DMT, into a
very expanded dimension. A regular DMT experience can feel like some
post-human identity in a distant galaxy aeons in the future. With Harmala
the experience gets linked through the individual identity to earth,
humanity, and the evolutionary history stored within us.
I've tried Harmala with N,N-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT, LSD, psilocybin,

and Ketamine with good results.
Harmala may significantly intensify and possibly be dangerous if

combined with drugs of the phenethylamine family: ecstasy, mescaline,
and 2C-B.
See the LSD, Psilocybin Mushroom, DMT, and Multiple

Combinations chapters.


D. M. Turner - Ketamine
KETAMINE
THE ULTIMATE
PSYCHEDELIC JOURNEY
INTENSITY: 10 - Infinity
MATERIAL:
Ketamine is a general anesthetic manufactured by Parke Davis and
marketed as Ketalar. It is also distributed by several smaller
pharmaceutical companies. The Parke Davis Ketamine comes in a multi-
use sealed vial, generally containing 500 mg. Ketamine is also used as
veterinarian anesthetic, and occasionally it is sold in powder form on the
underground market.
HISTORY:
Ketamine is used clinically as a general anesthetic. It is considered a
"gentle" anesthetic and is often given to children and elderly people. Its
psychedelic characteristics were discovered after a large number of
recipients reported "reemergence" experiences while coming out of the
anesthesia. Further experiments showed that a dose much smaller than
the anesthetic dose produces a psychedelic experience of incredible
intensity.

A 100 mg. dose of Ketamine taken intramuscularly will produce an
intense psychedelic experience. The exact dose required will vary with
body weight and mental state. Ketamine can also be administered by
snorting. One must pour the liquid out on a glass tray and set in an oven
at 200 degrees F until the liquid has evaporated. The remaining powder
can then be scraped off and snorted.
Many people are understandably afraid of needles, but Ketamine is

much safer than " street drugs. " Ketamine comes in a sealed
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pharmaceutical vial and does not contain the impurities often found in
"street drugs." Ketamine is routinely administered at a much higher
dosage as a clinical anesthetic, and is considered a safe and gentle
anesthetic, therefore there is little risk of an overdose. Ketamine is
normally taken intramuscularly rather than intravenously. The
psychedelic self-experimenter John Lilly injected Ketamine in himself 24
times a day for several consecutive months without significant difficulties
(see John Lilly's - The Scientist). By all means anyone injecting any
substance should use only a new, sealed hypodermic syringe and never
share with even a close friend. The risk of contracting a disease like
AIDS is by far the greatest risk in using a needle. I feel that the Ketamine
experience was worth overcoming my fear of needles, although many
who have wanted to try Ketamine but can't overcome this fear have
snorted it for a less intense experience.
THE HIGH:
Ketamine is the most intense, bizarre, and enjoyable psychedelic I've
tried, and this perception is common among the people I know who've
used it. The Ketamine high comes on about two minutes after injecting.
One should be lying down or reclining at this time, because on a regular
psychedelic dose they will be unconscious of their body shortly after
this.
Ketamine can be taken in various dosages. A smaller dose will allow

one to maintain some sense of identity, memory, and ability to perceive
and interact with their physical surroundings. I find that a 10 to 20 mg.
dose puts me in a non-psychedelic, disassociative altered state. 50 mg.
does little for me psychedelically, putting me in some semi-conscious
halfway zone. 75 to 125 mg. will produce the highly desirable Ketamine
trip. For the effects of very large doses see the writings of John Lilly. I
tend towards unconsciousness with too large a dose. The experience I
will describe here is for the average psychedelic dose of approximately
100 mg. taken intramuscularly. I've heard reports of people who snort
small amounts of Ketamine while at dance clubs. However, the
experience produced by this is not even remotely similar to what I've
described below.

As the high is coming on there is a break in the continuity of

consciousness. Soon after this point I find myself in a swirling
psychedelic universe. There is no concept that I am currently high on a
drug that I'm going to come down from. Frequently there is no
recollection of ever having been myself, been born, had a personality or
body, or even known of planet earth. The experience is one of being in
total orgasm with the universe. I feel like I'm in hyperspace,
simultaneously connected to all things. Billions of images and
perceptions are simultaneously flowing through my circuits. I am not
bound into three dimensions. In the fourth dimension of time I am not
locked into the current moment. I experience backwards and forwards in
time as well, with the current moment being the center of intensity. On
my first Ketamine experience there was a non-verbal feeling that my
entire life up to that point had been preparation, particularly my other
psychedelic experiences, and taking Ketamine was like pressing the GO
button. It felt as though there had been a major and permanent shift in the
"fabric of reality," or the mode in which I perceived the universe. It felt
as though the states of mind I had broken through to in previous
psychedelic peaks had become the base reality. And this new reality felt
better than I'd ever anticipated it could be. My past psychedelic
experiences taught me how to release and flow within this type of world.
On a Ketamine experience I do not need to "do" anything. Once
administered, the experience simply happens. Sometimes I feel like a
single atom or point of consciousness adrift in a swirling vortex of
energies, like a single cell within a being of galactic proportions. This
feeling may shift and I then become the center point through which all
these energies pass. The experience is of titanic proportions in the
merging of energy, intent, and awareness, yet lucidly articulated to the
minutes" spiraling details. All the while I feel very relaxed and at home
in this universe. Even though any supports of reality, identity, or stability
are being dissolved at the speed of light, I do not experience any fear, as
if the one who would experience fear at losing these things is not a part of
me. As the waves of experience pass through me I feel a bit like a kid on
a rollercoaster. Although he's about to have an exhilarating experience
while going over a hill, deeper in his mind he's confident that the
rollercoaster will stay on its tracks.

Some 30 minutes to an hour into the experience I come to an apex. At

this point I have felt that my will determines whether or not I exist, and
whether or not the universe exists. And I could toggle between existence
and non-existence many times within a second. I've even had the
impression that I could cause the universe (which is quite fluid in the
moment) to crystallize in whatever format I desired although I haven't
had the impetus to actually try this.
After this comes the return to regular consciousness, which begins with
one perception out of each million seeming like it's within my familiar
perceptual structure. These "personal perceptions" increase in frequency,
one every 100,000, one every 10,000. Soon I remember my previous
identity. I've never felt this moment as disappointing, as I frequently feel
when coming down from ecstasy. When I realize I'm coming back it feels
more novel like "Wow, I'm coming back, I wonder what life is going to
be like after this experience." Although there is a feeling that the ride's
almost over this part of the experience is quite interesting, with part of
my mind still running circles around the cosmos, and another part
reintegrating with my identity. Often I experience the return portion of
the Ketamine Journey as an alien rebirth experience. Upon returning to
the body, visuals will continue for a while with eyes opened. These can
be quite spectacular and hallucinatory, and bear more resemblance to
DMT visuals than other psychedelic visuals.
45 minutes to an hour after injecting the Ketamine I'm back though

there remain some strange bodily sensations. I tend to feel light (anti-
gravity), slightly dizzy, have poor motor coordination, and a bit nauseous
if I move around. For a couple of hours after the experience I find it best
to just relax, lay in bed, listen to music, etc. until the recovery period has
passed.
One problem I find with Ketamine is that the experience is difficult to

bring back and reintegrate with routine reality. Memory of the experience
is even difficult. Within hours after coming back, 99% of the experience
is inaccessible to my current conscious mind. The Ketamme experience is
so bizarre and otherworldly that a normal mind can't even conceive of
experiencing in this manner. It feels as though some part of the mind

protectively closes off access to the dimensions experienced on

Ketamine. I've recently found a method that is proving effective at
solving this problem. This is to take Ketamine while already high on 2C-
B. This seems to provide a "bridge" between the ego or identity, and a
state that is ego-less and without limitations.
I've observed a fairly mixed response in others I know who have tried
Ketamine. It seems that people either love it, and think it's the greatest
stuff in the universe, or feel uninspired by it. From speaking with
numerous people who've tried it, it's clear that most have had experiences
similar to what I've described, while others describe much less
fascinating results. After taking Ketamine some 100 times I've noticed
that it's fairly easy to miss the mark, and wind up with an experience that
is nothing like what I've described above.
The main trick to hitting the mark with a Ketamine trip is taking the
correct dose. Too small an amount will not obliterate one's self-
awareness, and will fail to admit one into the realm of pure awareness.
Too much will bring one towards unconsciousness, giving one the
vaguest impressions of having traveled somewhere. Many have had
successful journeys by starting with 75 mg., and increasing the dose by
15 mg. on each separate occasion until the desired experience is reached.
If one takes Ketamine while already high on a psychedelic, such as 2C-B
or LSD, the "dosage window" for achieving a spectacular Ketamine
journey is significantly wider.
Another important factor in the quality of the Ketamine experience is

one's "set" or personality. Dr. Igor Kungurtsev, a Russian psychiatrist,
was involved in administering an experiment treating alcoholics with
Ketamine. An article on his work was published in the Fall 1991 issue of
The Albert Hofmann Foundation Bulletin. One of his findings was "the
correlation between the type of personality and the type of experience
under the influence of Ketamine. People who are very controlled and
have difficulties letting go, or who have problems with relationships,
often have negative experiences with Ketamine. For them the dissolving
of the individual self is horrible. For other patients who are more relaxed
and able to surrender, who have a deep capacity to love, the experience is

usually blissful, even ecstatic."
Kungurtsev also found that Ketamine produced spiritual experiences,

as well as long term changes in the spiritual outlook, of most of those
who tried it. "It is interesting that many people who never thought about
spirituality or the meaning of life reported having experiences that one
might read about only in spiritual texts or Eastern teachings... For many
patients it is a profound insight that they can exist without their bodies as
pure consciousness or pure spirit. Many of them said that as a result of
their experience, they understood the Christian notion of the separation of
the soul and the body, and that they now believe some part of them will
continue to exist after death. There were several cases where people
reported contact with God, but this is usually not an anthropomorphic
figure. They describe an ocean of brilliant white light, which is filled
with love, bliss, and energy."
SAFETY FACTORS:
Ketamine is extremely different than other psychedelics when it
comes to safe use. Since injection is usually involved, the purity of one's
material, and safe use of needles is paramount. Equally important is that
one not undertake any bodily activity that could be dangerous while on
Ketamine. A psychedelic dose of Ketamine moves one towards a state of
unconsciousness where a surgeon could operate on them. The normal
reaction abilities that prevent us from accidents and death are suspended
while on Ketamine. When I take Ketamine I'm always Iying down, and
do not get up until the tail end of the experience. Even for a few hours
afterwards I will not go outdoors where potentially lethal traffic is
passing by. However, for people who do not "program" themselves to
spend the Ketamine experience in a comatose state, it may be possible to
get up and walk around while quite high.
One of the safest methods of taking Ketamine is to have a friend or

"sitter" present when one takes it. Since I frequently take Ketamine while
alone, I take precautions such as extinguishing all candles in my room.
Were I to accidentally knock over a candle and start a fire, I probably
would not have the presence of mind required to extinguish the fire or
move myself to safety.

A major concern regarding safe use of Ketamine is its very high

potential for psychological addiction. A fairly large percentage of those
who try Ketamine will consume it non-stop until their supply is
exhausted. I've seen this in friends I've known for many years who are
regular psychedelic users and have never before had problems controlling
their drug consumption. And I've seen the lives of several people who
developed an addiction to Ketamine take downward turns.
After about two years of once-per-week Ketamine use I even found

that I had developed an addiction. Although it was less severe than what
I've described above, it took considerable effort to break the cycle of
repeatedly using it, even though I was aware of detrimental effects that it
was causing. Since that time I've used Ketamine only occasionally, but
find that I must continually exercise a high degree of will power to
prevent myself from falling into a pattern of regular use. Amongst those I
know who use Ketamine, I've seen very few who can use it in a balanced
manner if they have access to it.
One of the most remarkable things I experienced in becoming aware of

and breaking my Ketamine addiction was the intervention of the
tryptamine drugs, psilocybin and N,N-DMT. The DMT provided insights
into the negative effects Ketamine was having on my life: a reduction in
ambition; a reduction in healthy mortal fears, such as the fear of death; as
well as a reluctance to confront fears or difficult tasks and situations
directly. Frequent use of Ketamine can lure one as an escape since a
blissful and fantastic state of fearless, disembodied consciousness is so
easily available.
In my early expirimentation, when combining Ketamine with

psilocybin I normally had good experiences and virtually bypassed the
bodily discomfort of the recovery period. However, while I was addicted
to Ketamine I could no longer have a good mushroom trip if I planned to
take Ketamine during the experience. I remember one experience where
the visuals were complete static, and after taking the Ketamine I returned
in a lethargic, uncoordinated, low-energy state. This was a complete
contrast to my previous experiences with this combination. During these
times DMT proved to be a strong ally, teaching me to be a dragon, and

offering encouraging glimpses of what my experiences could be like if I

defeated the addiction.
Another factor to be aware of when using Ketamine is that much of the

life energy, known as Chi or Kundalini, departs the body during the
journey, normally returning along with one's awareness. While I've often
experienced a wakening of this Chi energy as it reenters my body, with
less care and indiscriminate use I've returned to find my body drained of
this force. It is not uncommon to feel slightly drained of energy or
lackadaisical after a K trip.
COMBINATIONS:
Ketamine can be combined with most other psychedelics. However,
after much experimentation I've decided against using it with any natural
psychedelics. While I did have some positive experiences with such
combinations early on, eventually I began seeing many negative effects,
and felt that it was inappropriate, or at least that I was not ready, to
combine substances of these types.
It seems as though the "entities" of the natural psychedelic realms are

adverse to having their realms polluted by people combining them with
K. I also feel these entities frown on excessive or indiscriminate use of
Ketamine by itself.
The reversal in my experience of combining Ketamine with psilocybin

was one factor that has led to my current position. But the most intense
message came when I tried combining Ketamine with mescaline. When
one takes a natural psychedelic like mescaline, they often come into
contact with with age-old entities of that realm. With mescaline I find
that I become a branch of a living entity, often called "Mescalito," who
has existed at least since humans first ingested psychoactive cacti.
Mescalito can be viewed as being a conglomeration of the experiences of
all mescaline users. It feels as though when taking mescaline I become an
"eye" of Mescalito, and that he experiences through me. Mescalito has
experienced much during his 3000+ year life time. However, my
introducing him to a powerful synthetic anesthetic/psychedelic left him
shocked, stunned, and confused. It was a serious insult on my part to

force this experience on Mescalito, especially since omens were telling

me I should not do it.
I've found Ketamine to combine best with 2C-B This produces an

enhanced K journey as well as reducing the negative effects during the
recovery period. Limited experimentation with some rare synthetic
phenethylamines, including 2CT7, 2CT2, and DOB, have also produced
good results. I find no enhancement of the K journey when combining it
with ecstasy, however, this does reduce the discomfort of the recovery
period. Combining K with LSD produces an enhanced K journey,
however the recovery period can be a serious drag.
See the Multiple Combinations chapter.

D. M. Turner - Multiple Combinations
MULTIPLE COMBINATIONS
COSMIC SYNERGISM
SAFETY FACTORS:
All of the multiple combinations listed here I have tried in my personal
experiments. Some of these combinations may not have been tried by
anyone but myself, and they may affect other people differently. Those
who use multiple combinations typically exercise a high degree of
caution, especially with MAO inhibitors. These combinations can be very
heavy, both physically and mentally.
Mushrooms + Syrian Rue + N,N-DMT + Nitrous Oxide + Ketamine -

This experimental session was quite enjoyable and exceeded my
expectations. The mushrooms + Syrian Rue was a medium strength dose,
pleasant but not overwhelming. The DMT added to the experience,
especially in the visual context, and the nitrous blasts felt great whenever
I did them. The unique portion came towards the end of the experience
when I injected 75 mg. of Ketamine, my first time using it in combination
with mushrooms. The Ketamine experience overpowered what was left
of the previous high but was pleasantly enhanced having a wider range of
feelings than on Ketamine alone. I was semi-consciously aware of my
body chanting and moving about during part of this time. This is
something which is common with DMT + Syrian Rue but had not
happened to me on Ketamine before. Additional journeys with
mushrooms + Ketamine initially produced good results. However, I
eventually decided this combination was not appropriate. My reasons for
this are discussed in the previous chapter.
LSD + Ketamine + N,N-DMT -

I started with 200 mcg. of acid. Two hours later, after the acid high had
stabilized, I injected 100 mg. of Ketamine, my first time trying this
combination. It was one of my best Ketamine journeys and lasted about 1
1/2 hours. I smoked N,N-DMT a couple of times after the Ketamine
journey had ended. The DMT produced its usual effects but seemed to be
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diminished in intensity by the lingering Ketamine. The same amounts of

N,N-DMT taken on LSD alone would have produced much intenser
experiences. I no longer use DMT with Ketamine. Another drawback
with this combination was with the extension of the Ketamine recovery
period. This is the period after the Ketamine journey during which one is
no longer tripping, but is waiting to feel normal again. While on acid this
period was extended by another hour or two, and pretty much blew the
rest of the acid trip.
On subsequent LSD + Ketamine trips I have taken the Ketamine

toward the end of the session. This makes the recovery period much less
unpleasant, particularly if I remain in bed until falling asleep. In many of
these experiences I have found myself in a relaxed hallucinatory state
during the recovery period.
LSD + Syrian Rue + N,N-DMT + 5-MeO-DMT + Nitrous Oxide +

Cannabis -
This combination felt absolutely beautiful. The combination of
Harmala + LSD + DMT (in either form) is the basis of the trip. The
cannabis and nitrous are sort of add-one. The experience of combining
these psychedelics as a group produced effects similar to the
combinations of two substances as described in the chapters on LSD,
DMT, and the Harmala alkaloids. In comparison with a typical LSD trip
there was vastly more space or information to explore, and it felt infused
with a spiritual quality.
LSD + Ludiomil + Nitrous Oxide (+ Ketamine) -

In the LSD chapter I discussed the effects of LSD + Ludiomil. This
combination intensifies the LSD experience and also produces intense
dream activity in the subsequent nights. In this experiment I tried
ingesting the Ludiomil some two hours into the LSD trip. The amount of
dream activity subsequent to this experience was far less than my
previous experience when I'd ingested the Ludiomil before taking the
LSD.
The Ludiomil took effect some 15 minutes after ingesting, and the
change was quite apparent. It intensified the acid high and produced what

I'll describe as a "platinum plated" acid trip. It was as though every

perception and thought were coated with a silverish translucent light. I
described this in the LSD chapter as a "thin invisible membrane between
myself and anything my senses touched upon."
The most spectacular part of this journey came later when I took a
balloon of nitrous oxide. I have tried nitrous with virtually every
psychedelic and every combination. I thought I knew the limits of the
nitrous experience and was quite unprepared for the remarkable
transformation that took place. I can only describe it as a totally hilarious,
melting through the bottom of the universe as it all came swirling down
into me. The "melting" sensation of this experience was most distinct
from the common nitrous high.
In my third experiment with this combination I took the Ludiomil five

hours prior to the LSD. This produced significantly more dream activity
during subsequent nights than when I'd ingested the Ludiomil after the
LSD. This trip also allowed me to take a closer look at the "membrane"
between my mind and what I perceived. On this occasion I saw the
membrane as a spongy, or even spring-loaded barrier, between my mind
and the world. It seems as though Ludiomil functions by creating a time-
delay buffer zone which prevents rapid responses and changes in the
mind.
During this experience I injected a small dose of Ketamine, 45 mg. I

found it produced a quite unique Ketamine experience in which I had
more freedom to shift between an individual and an infinite perspective
than ever before.
LSD + Ketamine -
This experience took place while I was backpacking in Death Valley
Using psychedelics in natural environments, and in solitude, tends to
produce intense experiences. However, taking psychedelics in the
wilderness can be dangerous for someone who is not experienced with
both psychedelic use and in surviving harsh terrain. Psychedelics can
easily disrupt several basic survival instincts, such as sense of direction
and sense of time. The unique portion of this experience came during the

LSD trip. I had ingested some 350 mcg., an amount which for me
normally produces only peripheral visual phenomenon.
As I hiked through the mountains of Death Valley there were some

perceptions which I feel led to my experience. I had been closely
observing some small lizards which move at an amazing speed in the hot
desert sun. In trying to synchronize with a lizard's mind, it was quite
apparent that its time sense, as well as the flow of information from its
sense organs to its responding muscles, was worlds apart from that of a
human. Then, while hiking in a canyon, I noticed what appeared as
webbing strewn across the canyon walls. Upon looking closer this turned
out to be a harder material than the rock below eroding at a slower pace
and standing out in ridges of web-shaped formations. It appeared to have
been created during volcanic eruptions of molten minerals at the time the
mountains were formed. The canyon, cutting ever deeper into the
mountain's side, was revealing the history of the terrain.
As I sat back to rest and closed my eyes, my visual sphere became

filled with visions of desert animals like snakes and scorpions, images
which are typical of a session in the desert. The next vision that appeared
was a distinct image of a saber tooth tiger. I thought of early humans who
were hunted by such animals, and the strength of the impression this must
have made on the minds of my ancient ancestors. This train of thought
progressed and I saw large, hairy, bear-like forest animals who probably
left similar impressions on the species consciousness. As my mind
progressed further back in time I began to see creatures of the dinosaur
era which in ancient times had roamed the ground I was now resting on.
And I was aware that going back along the evolutionary line I must have
evolved from such creatures. I began to feel that in times past I had been
each of the animals that I saw, the predators who hunted, and the victims
who fled from the predators with fear and were eaten. Then my mind's
eye opened up and time spread out to infinity. I saw and experienced all
the manifestations that the land around me had been through over
millions of years, and the lives of all creatures that had lived there. This
myriad detailed lives and visions was simultaneously present in my mind
with startling clarity for a timeless moment. I had become the One Mind
onto which all the experiences of time have been etched. I went past this

fulcrum and saw myself retreating to my individual perspective. The

afterglow of this experience infused the next several hours of the acid
high, and left me awed with the magic of the desert environment.
By the time the full moon was high in the sky I had hiked to the salt
flats and administered Ketamine while at the lowest elevation in the
United States. I felt that I became part of the earth and penetrated to
levels deep within the "mind" of the planetary consciousness. Becoming
part of the earth's spirit is something frequently experienced by myself
and others while on Ketamine.
2C-B + Mushrooms (+ Ketamine) -

2C-B + Mushrooms is the first psychedelic combination I tried that
does not work. I had very high hopes for this combination, along with
Ketamine, since at that time both 2C-B and mushrooms combined
spectacularly with Ketamine if taken alone. (However, I later came to the
conclusion that Ketamine should not be combined with psilocybin or any
other natural psychedelic.) The first time I tried this combination I took
25 mg. of 2C-B and 5 grams of mushrooms. Both of these quantities will
produce a trip of decent intensity for most people, but produce only
threshold trips for me, due to my high tolerance and familiarity with the
experience. In general my experience was one of feeling "dopey" or
"drugged," a somewhat dumb and unfocused state of mind.
There was a brief moment in this experience that was lucid and quite
marvelous. During this period the universes of both the 2C-B experience
and the mushroom experience were available simultaneously, as though
two different "parallel realities" were coexisting in the same physical
space-time, and I was able to move about these two universes freely.
Based on this short experience of a unique and useful state of mind, I
decided that the next time I tried this combination I would try a much
larger dose of each substance.
At the time I did my first 2C-B + mushroom journey I was down to my

last dose of Ketamine, with no likely possibilities of obtaining more. The
most remarkable portion of this trip came just before I injected my final
dose of K. I decided to sit and meditate on how profoundly my Ketamine

experiences had changed my life, how valuable they had been to me, and
how sacred the opportunity to experience these states of consciousness
was. I also prayed that this mind-altering substance would become
available to me again. Anyway, when I sat to meditate and pray, the
energy became so intense and focused that I was absolutely amazed. My
abilities in meditation and concentration have waned over the past few
years, but at that moment I felt like I could wield my will and mind like
Luke Skywalker wields his light stick in Star Wars. This force was so
strong that it was frightening.
After this staggering meditation session I was ready to inject my last

dose of K. This I did, and had a typical Ketamine trip. I would definitely
say that it was less spectacular than my K trips taken in combination with
either 2C-B or mushrooms alone.
The second time I tried 2C-B + mushrooms was seven months later.
For my second journey I took 50 mg. of 2C-B and 10 grams of
mushrooms, doses large enough to do the trick for me. However, the
experience produced by taking a aufficient dose was strongly negative. I
felt as though a mesh of interference patterns was placed before my
awareness, obscuring all thought and perception. It seemed like the 2C-B
and mushrooms were trying to alter my consciousness in opposing
directions, and they frustrated each other's efforts. I also had a feeling
that I was hexed, that there was some force preventing me from venturing
into an expanded state of awareness.
This general feeling of confinement and oppression led to negative

thoughts and feelings, producing the longest lasting and most unpleasant
psychedelic trip I've had in years. It felt like a serious slap in the face, an
infusion of the states of mind and reality tunnels that some of life's less
fortunate people have to endure.
Always the experimenter, I decided to try Ketamine in the midst of this

journey, hoping it might reverse things. Initially the ego death produced
by the K released me from what I'd been feeling, but with the return to
self-awareness the negativity was spread out into the Ketamine domain.

I finally emerged from my tripping room and went up to my living

room to put on some music. There I was startled to see a large black
spider on the center cf my polished marble coffee table. It took less than a
moment for me to realize that this was an omen, as I've rarely seen
spiders of this size in the area I live, and never on the center of the coffee
table that I built by hand. Omens that I've received in the past have
included a bat flying into my home on halloween.
Based on these two experiences I've concluded that 2C-B +

mushrooms is a combination not to be messed with, although I have a
sense that a powerful shaman may be able to make use of it. Many South
American shamans can control combinations which include the
Belladonna alkaloids, a substance which drives some people to insanity.
Of course, since 2C-B is a modern synthetic substance, there is no
centuries-old tradition of shamanic use. And if it throws me for a loop,
those who can master it must be few and far between.
2C-B + Ketamine -
2C-B and Ketamine produce highs which are quite different. Taken in
combination it feels like two streams crossing at right angles, thereby
producing a uniquely new universe of experience. This combination
works well with either a small or large dose of Ketamine (25 mg. to 100
mg.) With a smaller dose of Ketamine I do not go on the Ketamine
journey, but the relaxed immersion in flowing psychedelic mental
fireworks is most enjoyable. When used with 2C-B, the Ketamine
recovery period is also diminished, with ease of movement, no feeling of
nausea, and sometimes incredible physical energy. I have frequently
emerged from the Ketamine journey and immediately begun dancing
about like a whirling dervish, or assuming yogic asanas where intense
subtle energies were traversing and harmonizing within my body.
As described in the Ketamine chapter, when K is used with 2C-B there

seems to be significantly increased recollection of the Ketamine domain.
This has been valuable to me in creating a "bridge" between normal
reality and the bizarre and amazing world of the Ketamine experience.


D. M. Turner - Further Explorations
FURTHER EXPLORATIONS
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
I am often asked questions regarding the overall role that psychedelics

are to play in the world, and what effects they will have on both a
planetary and individual scale. I would like to speculate on three such
questions: What is the purpose of psychedelics? What lasting benefits
and changes can be derived from their use? What will be the role of
psychedelics in future societies?
There are numerous possible answers to these questions, and how the
future develops is dependent on the decisions and actions of people in the
world today. One possible scenario for the future is that all countries will
become police states, psychedelic use will be completely suppressed, and
life on this planet will be totally destroyed through nuclear or chemical
warfare, or through the poisoning of earth's environment. I prefer to
consider the brighter alternatives and attempt to do my part, however
small, to make them reality.
THE LEGALIZATION OF DRUGS AND HEALING SOCIETY'S

VIEW OF SUBSTANCE USE - I consider worldwide legalization of
drugs to be inevitable. Recently major steps have been taken towards this
in the European Community. Legalization is the only sane solution to the
social/criminal mess that currently exists, and the first step to be taken in
the readjustment of society's view of substance use. Being a drug user in
America today is like being a Jew in Nazi Germany around 1938. Let's
hope this situation stops escalating before cannabis smokers are sent to
the gas chamber.
Within the current situation, anyone who wants drugs can find most
items with little difficulty. The users are subject to highly inflated prices,
possibly impure substances, the risk of arrest, and sometimes need to deal
with criminal elements to obtain the drugs. There is a void of accurate
unbiased information available to those who use or wish to use drugs, and
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the cultural attitude toward drug use is quite negative. The public is put at
risk due to the violence that occurs in black-market drug wars. And since
the price of drugs is inflated, addicts of certain substances must
frequently steal to support their habit. All this could immediately end if
drugs were legalized.
The only people who benefit from drugs being illegal are the drug
dealers, and government agencies that can confiscate and keep the
possessions of drug users. (Often possessions are confiscated from those
only suspected of being involved with drugs.) Politicians in several third-
world countries have been found to be profiting from the illicit drug
trade. And I will be surprised if time does not reveal that many politicians
of this country, who are publicly preaching against drugs, are secretly
reaping profits from the illegal drug trade as well. That these politicians
are also passing laws that allow the confiscation of a drug user's property
makes this an even greater conspiracy. And don't forget that political
power controls the media, which in turn influences the opinion of the
masses.
In addition to removing criminal status from anyone who wants to

change their state of mind, I feel we need a complete cultural
reorientation toward substance use. The first step here is to identify why
people desire to change their state of mind. Currently a large percentage
of "drug users" use drugs as a means of escaping from a degenerating
societal structure or an unsatisfactory life. This is frequently seen with
alcohol, heroin, crack cocaine, and similar drugs. People approaching
substance use from this perspective seldom have an interest in improving
themselves or the state of affairs surrounding them.
With psychedelic drugs, the majority of users are pursuing a state of

mind that is much finer than anything experienced in ordinary life. Many
psychedelic users also attempt to make permanent changes in themselves,
using the psychedelic state as a tool and guide for the continued
development of their "base personality." This perspective and purpose for
substance use is in keeping with shamanic tradition. It is this perspective
that needs to be understood, valued, and practiced by society at large
before humanity can reap the multitude of benefits available through

psychedelics.
With the proper perspective in place we can take a closer look at what
psychedelics have to offer.
AFFINITY FOR ONE'S SELF AND OTHER PEOPLE - The most

important benefit of psychedelics may be the sense of kinship felt for
other people, and the respect for one's self that grows from these
experiences. The family of empathogens is particularly noted for its
ability to facilitate an acceptance and bonding with other people.
Experiencing this state of mind even once can eliminate feelings of
hatred, hostility, and prejudice that are so prevalent in the world today. I
believe that if every politician in the world were given one properly
guided ecstasy experience that there would be at least a 95 % reduction in
wars. Widespread use of psychedelics would also reduce the amount of
cruelty and violence between people. As working examples of this theory
one can examine the environments where psychedelic use is popular:
such as the "rave" scene, Grateful Dead concerts, or San Francisco during
the "Summer of Love." Within each of these environments there is
virtually no hostility or violence, and there is a feeling of goodwill
between people. A psychedelic experience also shows one the variability
of perspectives. After a psychedelic trip one is likely to hold their own
perspectives less rigidly, and also be more tolerant of the perspectives of
others.
APPRECIATION OF NATURE, RECOGNITION OF

HUMANITY'S SMALLNESS AND OF OUR BEING AN
INTEGRAL PART OF THE UNIVERSE - Humans have developed a
state of mind that is very self-centered. This has resulted in humanity's
thrashing of the environment which has only gained public attention in
recent years. Humanity has decided to live for today only, without giving
much thought to the future. Many people appear to feel that they are
above nature in such a manner as that they will get more from watching a
weekly TV series than anything nature might have to offer them.
Psychedelics frequently change one's perspectives in these regards. The
psychedelic user is likely to have an appreciation of the vastness of the
universe, the finiteness of humanity's current knowledge, and the myriad

possible experiences of life. The user of psychedelic plants is likely to be

awed by the incredible power and knowledge contained within the
vegetable kingdom, and abandon the perspective of humankind as the
sole dominator of nature. Furthermore, psychedelics can actually make
one sensitive to the point of perceiving the feelings of "insentient" life
such as plants, producing a sense of kinship, and a desire to share the
planet with other life forms.
SELF-DEVELOPMENT ON NUMEROUS FRONTS - Psychedelics

can help the user develop in many ways. The primary development that
tends to occur is a general broadening of perspectives and life experience.
Each time one embarks on a psychedelic voyage the familiar mode of
viewing the world is temporarily set aside and the voyager has a chance
to view life with the "filter of conditioning" removed. Although a new
filter is created as the psychedelic state fades, the tripper's post-session
reality should be permanently changed, at least to a small degree. After a
psychedelic trip one has the vantage point of having experienced life as
though he or she had been a different entity. One's "filter of conditioning"
should become less biased as one experiences life through a multitude of
viewpoints. It is also likely for a tripper's filter to become less rigid as he
or she becomes familiar with its underlying fluidity
It is not uncommon for psychedelic users to come to the realization

that what they have called "reality" is but an arbitrary view of life. The
next step in this sequence is acknowledgment that one's experience of life
can be consciously changed to their will. For me this has resulted in an
expansion of my abilities and what I consider possible to do.
Psychedelics should also expand one's ambitions and desire to obtain the
most out of life. Once you've experienced heaven it is difficult to remain
satisfied with a mediocre state of existence. For one's life to be strongly
affected by psychedelics it is usually necessary to make the insights
gained during the psychedelic experience part of their regular frame of
mind. This requires some type of follow through after one's Journeys,
possibly a spiritual or psychological practice that will help avoid slipping
back into routine patterns. This can take much more effort than the
psychedelic experience itself, but the rewards can be well worth the
effort.

The ability of psychedelics to stimulate artistic creativity is well

known. The cultural revolution that began in the Sixties has many
outstanding examples. In the Psychedelics Encyclopedia Peter Stafford
describes several surveys of artists who tried psychedelics and how it
affected their work.
TAPPING NORMALLY DORMANT ABILITIES OF OUR MINDS

AND DEVELOPING "ULTRA-CONSCIOUSNESS" - Psychedelics
are fascinating because they allow people to have experiences outside the
realms we normally consider possible. This can include such experiences
as telepathy, astral travel, visibility into the past and future evolutionary
blueprint, increased sensitivity of the senses, increased range of the
senses such as visibility in the infrared spectrum and audibility beyond
the normal range of human hearing, communication with non-physical
entities, access to the mind's "programming" or "machine" language, and
access to normally unconscious realms via Ketamine and DMT.
Psychedelics can also give one's mind a focusing and resolving ability
comparable to a microscope's ability to render visible what could not
otherwise be seen. One can focus the mind into the realm of thought for
deep philosophizing, or turn it toward perceptions for a richer experience.
The enhanced perception common while listening to music on
psychedelics makes a good example of this resolving ability. The sound
of a large musical ensemble is normally too thick to distinguish all the
details of the sound. Listening to the same piece of music on LSD one is
able to hear many more distinct instruments, possibly down to the
individual notes. Frequently LSD will help me to distinguish Iyrics in
music which I could not distinguish in a sober state of mind. Listening to
music in a psychedelicized state can also allow one to gain a deeper
experience of the music and a greater understanding of what the
musicians are trying to convey. This clearer perception of the artist's
intent results from more of a "soul-to- soul" connection, and is not
entirely based on the increased auditory sensitivity and resolving power
of the mind.
These abilities can also be described as an enlargement of what one's

mind is able to take in at any given moment. While looking at, say, a tree,

normally someone can recognize the tree as a tree, see its leaves and
overall shape, or concentrate on any section of the tree. However, it is
beyond most people's ability to simultaneously perceive each of the
100,000 or so leaves that are actually making up the image. With
psychedelics one can perceive significantly more than in normal
awareness. This can be most spectacular in a beautiful natural setting
such as the coast line or the Grand Canyon. Experiments with LSD in the
Sixties found an average increase of ten points in the I.Q. test results of
those administered LSD [1]. This presents a massive potential for
increasing one's intelligence.
Experiences into normally unconscious realms can be both fascinating

and frightening. Tuning into these realms is like gaining admittance to a
new dimension. These non-physical realms have been explored for
millennia by shamans and mystics and offer a tremendous volume of
information and experiences. My LSD trip in Death Valley described in
the Multiple Combinations chapter, is one example of this type of
experience. The mind is the final frontier and psychedelics are the most
powerful tools for inner exploration.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHEDELICS IN FUTURE SOCIETIES - Once

the world recognizes the values of psychedelics there will be a rush to
develop these potentials to their maximum. Psychedelics will be used as
tools to enhance learning, communication, creativity, and problem
solving. Psychedelics will strongly affect the views and morals of
humanity, and create a race that would rather live together m harmony
than constantly be working against different factions of itself.
There will be a push to develop new psychedelics with specific effects,

and others having effects not attainable with the contemporary
psychedelics. There will be intensive research projects to delve into and
map the newly accessible areas of the mind. Being a fan of science
fiction, I believe that such skills as telepathy and psychokinesis will be
practiced on a large scale, and psychedelics will play a major role in
developing these potentialities.
The term "evolutionary agents" is frequently used when discussing

psychedelics and I find this to be an appropriate description. If one is

willing to entertain the idea that humanity has not reached the ultimate
end of evolution, it is easy to see that psychedelics act as catalysts to
develop higher abilities in the mind. In summary psychedelics will
change humanity into a peaceful, more intelligent fastly evolving society.
As Terence McKenna says "If it's not a future with psychedelics, what
kind of future will it be?"
1. See The Psychedelics Encyclopedia by Peter Stafford, first edition

D. M. Turner - DMT ~ Water Spirit
DMT ~ WATER SPIRIT
A MAGICAL LINK
In my descriptions of psychedelic experiences thus far, I have

attempted to describe the range of effects that most users encounter.
However, in some cases psychedelic experiences can become quite
unique and personal. I've had a most unusual relationship with N,N-
DMT, which has led to my discovering a magical alliance between N,N-
DMT and the spirit of water.
When I first encountered N,N-DMT I quickly became an aficionado,

and began smoking either 5-MeO or N,N-DMT two or three times each
week. Over the next two years I used DMT approximately 100 times.
My natural curiosity has led me to take psychedelics in as many

different settings as possible. I've taken psychedelics in the peaks of the
Sierras and at mountain lakes, in desert wilderness and rugged canyons,
in local parks and open space preserves, at the ocean, in tropical forests,
in airplanes, even while hanging upside-down in amusement park rides.
I've also had numerous experiences in a variety of indoor environments.
Given this inclination, it's an unlikely coincidence that I never smoked
DMT near a body of water until I'd been using it for several years. It was
the contrast between this experience and my many other DMT tryps
which provided the basis for my discovering this magical link.
When I began smoking N,N-DMT my experiences over the first few

months were bright, positive, enjoyable, and ever touching new
dimensions. Some aspects of certain experiences had been quite
frightening. However, the scary episodes only led to a deeper
understanding of myself and the realms to which DMT introduced me.
After about four months of use I began to lose some of the rapport I
had experienced with DMT, accompanied by a reduction in the frequency
of my use.
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Shortly thereafter I took a vacation to Arizona with plans to take

psychedelics while backpacking in several desert areas. The first leg of
my journey brought me to the vicinity of Mt. Lemon, just south of
Tucson. This was to be my first experience smoking DMT in the
Southwest, and I was anticipating an experience as magical as my
previous trips in the desert.
However, the results were entirely different than what I'd expected,
and completely unlike any of my previous DMT experiences. I felt a deep
fear which is hard to speak of. I sensed the presence of death, despair,
and loneliness. I felt haunted by some mysterious evil, and I thought of
the word "spooky" to describe the unsettling feeling this experience left
me with. The feeling of "enchantment," which is normally delightful on
DMT, had become something sinister. And I was quite baMed as to how
this occurred.
From Mt. Lemon I drove south to Organ Pipe Cactus National

Monument. In this beautiful "green" desert I took Ketamine while
outdoors for the first time. This proved to be an excellent journey, and I
found that the environment entered into the Ketamine experience even
though I was quite unaware of my body and surroundings. The next day's
"trip" entailed consuming a large section of Trichocereus macrogonus,
which I had brought with me, and small pieces of two local cacti, the
Organ Pipe cactus and the Saguaro. The latter of these is said to contain
psychoactive alkaloids.
The third stop of my journey was in Sedona where I hiked into the red
rock cliffs. Not one to be intimidated by any psychedelic experience, I
tried smoking DMT again. This experience was even more frightening
than the last. I was overwhelmed by dread and terror. And although it
was a cool March evening at 7,000 ft. elevation, I produced so much
sweat on my forehead that it dripped down my face while the rest of my
body remained dry. I've heard the analogy of someone being so scared
they produced beads of sweat on their forehead, but I never knew this
was literally possible.
I saved the Grand Canyon for the last portion of my journey, since I

knew that no other sight could match its spectacular beauty and intensity.
A few years back I had a wonderful experience taking acid
in the Grand Canyon, and I dropped a couple hits as I began my

descent. I was again in awe as I walked through "God's playground"
where every rock became a jewel and each bend in the trail exposed more
of this impossible work of art. Inside the Canyon I find that I enter a non-
linear time state. While the erosion which created the canyon presents a
vast timescape, I experience the ever-changing terrain as always alive
within a continual state of flux. Formations that appear dead from one
perspective are beginning a new phase of life from another. The music
and Iyrics of Hendrix capture the feeling of the moment. "I float in liquid
gardens way down in Arizona's new red sands [1]."
Some people claim that LSD is too cold and synthetic to provide a
mystical nature experience. I have not heard this from anyone who's
dropped acid and hiked into the Grand Canyon, although I noticed an
even larger amount of synergy when I had the opportunity to take
synthetic mescaline in the Canyon a couple years later.
After returning home from Arizona, whenever I smoked DMT I would

do so with trepidation. I found it difficult to access the realms which I
had previously enjoyed on DMT. Despite my determination to break
through any barriers, I was not able to succeed. A brief flash of visuals
was the highest attainment on most of my trips, and the feeling of
magical enchantment had all but departed. I frequently felt that some
metaphysical force was preventing my progress, and I now believe this
must certainly have been the case. Although I continued to work with
DMT, as the satisfaction of the experience diminished, so did the
frequency of my use. I logged only 15 DMT tryps between my vacation
to Arizona and my "water" experience over a year later.
It was a clear, cool May night beneath a new moon when my relation
with DMT took a turn. I had joined a group of friends for a boat ride up
the Petaluma River off of San Francisco Bay. I'm not much of a seafarer
and had never tripped on a boat before. The majority of my boating
experience has been on the choppy waters of the sea or the bay, and the

thought of spending a trip poking over the side of a boat never much
appealed to me. This evening I was in for a surprise!
I had brought along some acid and a bit of DMT. I had no intention of
pre-dosing with Harmala alkaloids and smoking enough DMT for the full
effects, but I thought that some light DMT "dusting" may be enjoyable
for all. We cruised up the river for an hour or so and threw the anchor.
There we would float for the next nine hours under a sky full of stars and
where the current flowing downstream mingled with the ebb and flow of
the tide in San Francisco Bay.
I began the evening by dropping 250 mics of acid. This was consumed
by nearly all present. I then took a hit of ecstasy since they were being
passed around. And after I mentioned that I brought some DMT, one of
my friends whipped out some ground Syrian Rue seeds and a pipe.
Smoking non-extracted Syrian Rue can hardly be considered a

satisfactory method of assimilating enough Harmala to act as a DMT
potentiator, but it does produce an effect. Smoking just a few hits of these
seeds while high on acid produced a pleasant buzz. And we figured that
the small amount of Harmala would also act as a synergistic enhancement
for the DMT.
I was the first to take a hit of DMT, probably about 15 mg. worth. I
took my hit in the cabin of the boat and was rewarded with beautiful and
enchanting visions. None of the menace that had plagued my recent DMT
tryps was present, and the luxurious and magical qualities had returned. I
continued to load small hits of DMT in the p~pe and pass it amongst my
friends, each of whom reported a serene and beautiful experience.
Before taking my second hit I left the cabin of the boat, snuggled under
blankets with friends, and ventured into the brisk air outside on the deck.
I had been planning to take my second hit Iying on the roof of the boat
looking up at the stars. However, one member of our group just had his
first-ever DMT experience while on the deck of the boat. And after
listening to his fanatical hooting, hollering, and raving about how "it
started with the patterns in the water and went up into the air, then it

came down from the stars and connected in the sky...", I decided to take
my second hit while looking out over the water.
I smoked my hit and the effect was truly magical. Although I was not
too high to observe my surroundings, the experience had all the qualities
that I desire in DMT. The profound effect the water imparted to my
experience was immediately obvious. The current, tide, and wind,
playing with the surface of the water, and the reflected light from the sky
was absolutely mesmerizing and enchanting. The synchronism between
the visions I saw with my eyes open, and those seen with my eyes closed
was phenomenally amazing. It seemed that the patterns on the water were
responsible for these visions, as well as the profoundly magical and
harmonious mental/emotional state to which I found myself transported.
At this time I was in the midst of reading Terence McKenna's True

Hallucinations. This book describes his psychedelic adventures in the
Amazon jungle, many of which took place on the banks of the Amazon
River. It immediately dawned on me that the river must have played a
large part in creating the setting for his mystical trips. The harmony
between DMT and the river was clearly present.
It was not until a day later that I became aware of the magical link
between DMT and water, and that DMT is most compatible when used in
the vicinity of water. This knowledge actually came to me not while high
on DMT, but while tripping on Ketamine and a 2C-B-like substance, with
Ketamine being the primary factor.
Both Ketamine and N,N-DMT can take me to a world where

leprechauns and munchkins chatter with me, and I can understand the
language of the birds chirping away. With Ketamine I enter this world
frequently if I'm taking it in combination with psilocybin or 2C-B. It was
while in such a state that one of these leprechaun creatures whispered in
my ear that "DMT is a Water Spirit plant. "
In addition to the "verbal" message, this elfin creature also transmitted

thoughts, images, and knowledge, the essence being that the DMT spirit
likes to be in the vicinity of water, that DMT is more likely to bestow

peaceful visions and experiences on those who use it while maintaining

this link, that DMT detests being away from water, and those who use
DMT removed from water will often experience its wrath.
Simultaneous with this transmission I was able to see how my own

experience with DMT fit this pattern. I have described my experiences
using DMT in the desert in areas devoid of water. These were the
negative extremes.
I've also smoked DMT in moist areas. I distinctly recall my two DMT
tryps in Hana on Maui. My first experience was done indoors during the
evening. The sliding door to the back patio was open, and through it
floated the sounds of a stream with splashing pools and waterfalls that
flowed by some 30 feet away. My second experience took place on the
front yard of the estate during the daytime. The stream was still audible,
and had I been sitting up I could have looked out over the ocean less than
a mile away.
When I took this second hit I lay down under a giant coconut palm,
staring up into its bountiful clusters of fruit while sunlight filtered
through its giant drooping fronds. These were two of the most luxurious,
peaceful, and magical DMT tryps I've had. In front of my closed eyelids
the creative force was generating intricate visions of beauty at a rate
approaching a billion per second! I saw harmonious and magically
charged scenes which intermingled nature, plants animals, spirits, people,
and what I took to be ancient Hawaiian Gods.
I can also remember some experiences smoking DMT at home when it

was raining outside. These tryps stood out from the norm as being
delightfully enchanting, with the elfin energies being extremely abundant
and rambuctious.
Another odd point that struck my awareness was the coincidence of the
places I have not smoked DMT. I've already remarked that it was an
unusual coincidence that I had never smoked DMT near water, g~ven my
penchant for taking psychedelics in a multitude of outdoor environments.
This is exaggerated by the fact that I live near the ocean, and my normal

routines take me jogging or bicycling along the beach once or twice each
week.
There could be two logical explanations for this as well. One is that
DMT is not something one tends to use in public, reducing the likelihood
of my smoking DMT at the local beach. The second reason, which I
discovered soon enough, is that with the normally windy conditions of
the California coast it is difficult to keep a lighter burning, much less get
a proper hit of DMT.
However, based on internal perceptions from my many DMT tryps, I

feel that something which exists in a metaphysical realm was trying to
prevent me from gaining knowledge of the DMT~Water Spirit
connection. It seems that these energies are somehow threatened by my
having this knowledge, and that my discovery of this information and
subsequent spreading of this knowledge is an unleashing and upheaval of
powerful shamanic forces. Indeed on the first evening following my
discovery I had dreams throughout the night where I was battling or
fending off malevolent non-physical entities.
One other occasion at which I did not smoke DMT should also be
noted. Seven months prior to my "water" experience I went backpacking
in Death Valley. Although I brought along Peyote, LSD, and Ketamine, I
did not bring any DMT. This could have been due to the poor rapport I
was experiencing with DMT at the time. But it may have been the result
of some omen, instinct, or intuition, which caused me to avoid bringing
DMT to the driest spot in the country.
Another notion which this leprechaun imparted to me is that in the

Amazon region, where DMT has been used by the natives for millennia,
it is most frequently consumed in the Ayahuasca beverage. Another
traditional method of administration is the snorting of concentrated DMT
snuffs. However, I've never heard of a native method of consumption
which involves burning, or putting a flame to the DMT. Yet some of the
native preparations would certainly have produced a strong effect if used
in this manner. Up to this time all of my DMT journeys had been through
smoking, but this would soon change.

My discovery of the DMT~Water Spirit connection took place shortly

before I was to go to Hawaii. There I would have many opportunities to
smoke DMT where waterfalls, streams, pools, and ocean abound.
While in Hawaii I smoked DMT twice along the awesome and

beautiful Napali coast of Kauai. I was anticipating experiences similar to
what I'd had on the boat. But I received another lesson that DMT
experiences are never predictable, or subject to fitting into my
preconceptions. The energy of natural environments seems to frequently
affect a DMT tryp, and this was quite prevalent in this intense setting.
For my first hit I was sitting naked in the middle of a stream, on the
ledge of a waterfall, with my legs dangling over the side and water
flowing over my body from the waist down. As I took the hit I was
looking seaward, and focusing on the stream. The sensation was peaceful,
yet not the deep serenity I had experienced on the boat. As I lay down to
submerge my back in the water I found myself staring up into a grove of
Koa trees. The energy from these trees was sharp and lively, much more
vibrant than any of the trees I'd been around when smoking DMT in
California. The Koa trees' energy shattered the sensations I'd experienced
while looking at the water, but it was a pleasant, shimmering intensity. I
then stood up, turned around, and looked into the majestic, silken-sheered
mountains behind me. My response to the mountains' energy nearly made
me fall over. The mountains of the Napali coast are like no others in the
world. The highest rainfall levels on earth have eroded these volcanic
remains into sheer, razor-sharp contours covered with a dense blanket of
tropical foliage. They rise to nearly 4,000 ft. in just a short distance from
the sea. At the time of my visit these mountains were even more
ferocious looking than usual. The hurricane which devastated Kauai the
previous fall had stripped off nearly all foliage and branches above lO
feet, leaving thousands of silver tree skeletons in its wake.
The sight of these mountains invoked a fear in me. Not of something

evil, but of something so powerful and durable that human frailty is
greatly magnified. To get an idea of this feeling try to imagine an ant in
the midst of an elephant stampede, suddenly becoming cognizant of the
situation.

I then tried switching my vision between the mountains and the stream.
I found that the water acted as a grounding force, preventing me from
being overwhelmed by the intensity of the mountains.
A couple months later I began experiments with ingested DMT which

I've found to be very significant. As mentioned before, DMT is never
smoked or burned in the cultures where a shamanic tradition exists. It
seems to me that DMT is adverse to fire. It may yield positive results to
those who begin with, or only know of this method of use. But in my case
at least, it eventually led me to this preferred ancient method of use.
Before ingesting the DMT I take four grams of Syrian Rue and wait
until MAO inhibition is in effect. I've had good results using about 160 to
200 mg. of DMT. This is far more than is required for smoking, but it
produces a three to four hour experience. I've found it best to consume
the DMT over half an hour to allow for a more gradual inebriation. With
smoked DMT the " flash" is part of its legendary effects. But a more
gradual ascent allows the experience to unfold in a more natural manner,
as occurs with LSD, mushrooms, mescaline, or the Ayahuasca beverage.
The content of an ingested DMT experience is quite different than the

traditional psychedelics. And after my first such experience I came away
with the conviction that this was deep and serious, making LSD and
mushrooms seem like child's play in comparison. The experience tends to
unfold before me, and I find I must maintain sharp awareness to
understand the messages being conveyed. The scenes are rich, vivid,
emotionally charged, and filled with symbols and archetypal images that
feel imbued with deep meaning and sign)ficance. The speed at which
visual images develop is slower than with those that accompany the
"flash" of smoked DMT. I've found that this allows me to absorb the
content of the images more fully.
With ingested DMT I've had visions which challenge Ketamine visuals
for vastness and cosmicity. Yet these DMT visuals had a degree of
realism I've never before encountered. The images were so real, so alive,
palpable, and tangible that I could almost taste them. And I nearly felt
that I could reach into their dimension and physically touch them. At

times it was as though I was a spectator watching a performance of the

grand universal theatre. But at other times entities in the visions were
quite aware of my presence, and were able to metamorphose as a means
of communicating to me. The play-like elfin chatter which accompanies
many smoked DMT tryps has also been present during these journeys. In
nearly all manners, these ingested DMT tryps have exceeded my
experience of smoked DMT.
In order to find out if DMT affected other people similarly when used
near water, I interviewed friends that have used DMT several times. I
found that most of them have not used DMT outdoors at all, and only a
few have used DMT near water or in a desert. None of these people knew
what I was seeking when asking about their DMT experiences in
different outdoor environments. Yet approximately 75% of those who
had used DMT near water reported some of their most profound tryps in
this environment. A couple people who had not smoked DMT near water
also had water play an important role in their experiences The one person
who had smoked DMT in a desert had begun on a powerful shamanic
journey, but had to disengage as the intensity and fear that he couldn't
handle the ride increased. And a few people reported experiences too
intense to enjoy when using DMT in the presence of fire.
Since discovering this link I have spent lots of time thinking about its
application. That this knowledge can be used by DMT smokers to
increase the chances of a positive experience is the most obvious use.
This may allow DMT smokers to gain reliable access to DMT's magical
aspects, and through developing this alliance, to enter into the shamanic
world. However, since becoming aware of this connection I feel that
mastery of the DMT experience is still many steps away, or that it may
even be something which one can never truly have a firm grasp on.
Perhaps this is a stepping stone in humanity's reestablishing its

relationship with DMT. We may be at a turning point where DMT will be
removed from obscurity and become a "mainstream" psychedelic.
I'm also curious as to what science will find in relation to this theory.
Since DMT is normally present in the brain, blood, and spinal fluid of
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humans, it would be interesting to see how the levels change in people

who live in dry or wet areas, or who travel between these areas. I'd also
like to see how DMT is metabolized by the brain and the body in
different climates. I suspect it would be different.
Another useful study would be to chart the numerous plants throughout

the world that contain DMT.To my knowledge most of these plants grow
in areas with abundant water, but a study done by an expert botanist
would be more conclusive. And from a cultural perspective, do any of the
native users of DMT ascribe a link between DMT and water, and is this
link present in their rituals and practices ?
Something else I've speculated about is whether DMT is one portion of

an alchemical formula. If DMT corresponds to water, is it possible that
some other substances correspond to earth, air, and fire ? And would a
combination of these substances bring one to the "ultimate state of
consciousness" ?
If this is so, there are many possible candidates for the other
substances. Could the psilocybin mushroom be an Earth Spirit? What
would happen if one were to take psilocybin away from earth, say in a
space shuttle or an airplane ? The Harmala alkaloids are also an
important factor here. I should note that this link I'm describing exists
between N,N-DMT and water. Whether a similar link exists for 5-MeO-
DMT I can not presently say. And virtually all of my N,N-DMT
experiences have been done in combination with Harmala alkaloids.
One of my courses for future study will be to continue psychedelic use

in different areas. I will be looking for distinct differences in the
experiences produced in different settings. In the past I have focused on
combinations where I'd expect a positive synergy. This has often been the
natural habitat of the substance I was consuming, like taking cactus in the
desert or mushrooms in the forest. I have yet to try many opposing
combinations such as mushrooms in the desert or cactus in snow-covered
mountain peaks.
As of yet though, DMT is the only psychedelic to produce highly

positive results in one natural environment, and equally negative results

in a reversed environment. Since becoming aware of this connection my
relationship with DMT has become strongly positive. I feel I now have an
ally for venturing into this fascinating world of the unknown.
1. Lyrics from the song Voodoo Chile by Jimi Hendrix on the LP Electric Ladyland.

D. M. Turner - Psychedelic Reality
PSYCHEDELIC REALITY
CYDELIKSPACE
There exists a state which I will call "CydelikSpace," that I have

visited numerous times through the use of psychedelics. CydelikSpace
has correlations to the digital world of "cyberspace" described in William
Gibson's novels. However, CydelikSpace is not a fictional dimension. It
is accessible now, and even appears to be the underlying reality behind
all existence. It is of this state that one becomes aware, to a greater or
lesser degree, during deep psychedelic experiences, and any other
mystical or spiritual experience.
CydelikSpace is vast. It appears to contain all matter and energy in all

of its manifestations since the beginning of time. This state also contains
thought. In fact, it may be thought that gives birth to matter, since
experience of CydelikSpace supports the notion that the manifest
universe is a construct of consciousness, and not the other way around.
While in this state I have experienced in lucid detail, what seems to be

every thought that has been formulated in my mind throughout my entire
lifetime, as well as each perspective through which I've viewed life, and
each experience I have had. I have seen my entire life laid out in
suspension before me, and I could wander through my previous
perspectives as a detached observer. I could view my life through four
dimensions, easily recalling in full detail perspectives and perceptions
back through early childhood. I could see the development throughout
my life, of ideas, identity, beliefs, coincidences, relations, and limitations.
These were seen with the precision of someone analyzing graph charts
displaying data, yet with full emotional connection. It is said that when
one is about to die, their entire life flashes before their eyes. While under
the influence of psychedelics this flash has lasted for hours, and allowed
for reflection, devoid of panic, anxiety, attachment, or fear.
Not only is CydelikSpace a complete depository of my own life's
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perceptions, it similarly contains all thoughts and experiences of every

human, animal, plant, and molecular life form that has existed in the
universe since time began, including the life experience of individual
cells and galactic star systems. Other lives can be experienced with
almost as much detail as one's own, down to a child's wonder upon first
feeling dew on the morning grass, the trace of lipstick left on your lips
after kissing a lover whom you've never before met, or a child's first
impression of a pattern on clothing, seen while playing at nursery school,
in a building too modern to have existed during your own childhood.
These vivid impressions can be much more extraordinary!; being in an
extraterrestrial body while making love and enjoying the sensations
perceived through a much finer tactile sense than exists in humans, or,
the experience of a planet's soul over millions of years as different groups
of plants evolve, flourish, and give way to their successors upon its
surface.
When in CydelikSpace it is clear that you and I are not two.

CydelikSpace exists, and the detailed dreams of our separate lives are
entirely contained within it.
But this entire storehouse of universal experience is but a fraction of

CydelikSpace's magnitude. It also contains all thoughts which did not
occur but could have, and each variation of experience that did not take
place. The thoughts that have passed through one's mind, the actions
taken, and the experiences one has had are but one series of occurrences.
The possible thoughts, actions, and experiences that did not manifest in
one's life are infinite, and branch out endlessly. An artist's marks upon a
canvas are but one rendering of the multitude of visions held inside the
head, and CydelikSpace additionally contains innumerable visions that
the artist never dreamed in the wildest fits of imagination.
Occasionally I've experienced events while in CydelikSpace that later

manifested in consensus reality. One can also experience events that
happened in a time and place where they were not present, and find that
these events actually occurred. This is not to say that all experiences in
CydelikSpace have parallels in consensus reality. Only a very small
percent do. This can be compared to dreams. Almost everyone has had a

few dreams that were precognitive, or somehow paranormal, but it is only

one in a great number. The same generally holds true for paranormal
psychedelic experiences. However, it has been stated that many shamans
in the Amazonian regions have effectively mastered this ability to enter
the psychedelic universe, and view future or past events from the lives of
those in their community.
In The Holotropic Mind Stan Grof suggests "As individual human

beings we are not isolated and insignificant Newtonian entities; rather, as
integral fields of the holomovement (CydelikSpace) each of us is also a
microcosm that reflects the macrocosm. If this is true, then we each hold
the potential for having direct and immediate experiential access to
virtually every aspect of the universe, extending our capacities well
beyond the reach of our senses."
Through his observation of thousands of psychedelic sessions, as well

as sessions involving other means of entering into "non-ordinary states of
consciousness," Grof has put together a very thorough collection of
information to confirm that events and experiences of the type I describe
here are common occurrences for the majority of psychedelic users. He
argues that the indisputable validity of these experiences calls for a new
model and understanding of ourselves, our minds, and the manifest
universe. In summarizing his observations Grof says "I am now
convinced that our individual consciousnesses connect us not only with
our immediate environment and with various periods of our own past, but
also with events that are far beyond the reach of our physical senses,
extending into other historical times, into nature, and into the cosmos...
we can re-experience episodes that took place when we were fetuses in
our mothers' wombs... On occasion we can reach far back in time and
witness sequences from the lives of our human and animal ancestors...
We can transcend time and space, cross boundaries separating us from
various animal species, experience processes in the botanical kingdom
and in the inorganic world, and even explore mythological and other
realities that we previously did not know existed."
In my experiences I've found that CydelikSpace not only contains all

possible thought, vision, and experience. It may also contain all

manifestations of physical matter. My perception while in CydelikSpace

is that all matter, all energy, all movement, is still contained in a
dimensionless point. The "Big Bang" and the unfolding of the universe
has not yet occurred. CydelikSpace is a seething mass of unlimited
possibilities contained within a nucleus. While in CydelikSpace the
manifest universe that I appear to wake up to each morning is no more
real or solid than countless other universes.
In a 1989 High Times article, Ramses Sputz describes his Ketamine

experience; "I become a floating diffuse cloud of disembodied thought,
stirfing the warps and waves of Einstein's non-linear, non-Euclidean
space-time continuum. I'm on a guided tour through the subatomic
factory which continuously generates the universe, witnessing the
mathematical equations which govern the emergence of matter from the
field of quantum probabilities, the vacuum matrix from which all
particles arise and into which they dissolve. But the factory doesn't
manufacture this universe alone. Countless other universes are rolling off
the assembly line, and I can see their images peeping around the corners
of space-time."
As a physicist can explain, what feels like a piece of solid steel, is not
actually solid at all. It is composed of 99.9999... % empty space, with
some minute subatomic particles swirling about at incredible velocities.
So in CydelikSpace, the existence of self and the universe is experienced
as switching on and off and through a myriad manifestations each
fraction of a millisecond.
Most any psychedelic can, on auspicious occasions, bring one deeply

into CydelikSpace. The LSD experience I had in Death Valley shows one
possible experience of CydelikSpace. In my mind's eye I beheld all of the
changes that the landscape around me had passed through over millions
of years. I experienced the lives and witnessed the perspectives of each
life form that had lived on these grounds.
The experience of Enlightenment, Satori, or Samadhi, as it is called in

various Eastern religions, is another variation of Cydelikspace. I have had
this experience of Samadhi. The extinguishing of self-awareness and the

dawning of omniscient awareness was simultaneous. It was as though

someone had switched on all the interior lights of my mind, and this light
passed through me like a bolt of lightning. Everything was understood
and made clear. It seemed quite obvious that the entire manifest universe,
along with my identity and experience of life, was all a creation of
Consciousness.
The experience sought by many practicing Eastern religions closely

resembles CydelikSpace. However, those who have apparently attained
this "Enlightenment" have expressed only a partial understanding of
CydelikSpace. They seldom describe vast and detailed perceptions, such
as the infinite variety of life forms that have existed throughout time and
space, and in the non-manifest realms. Although the states of mind these
people experience may be vast, they do not seem to be without
limitations. Rarely are "Enlightened" persons even aware of the thoughts
in others' minds.
I'll even hazard to suggest that complete cognizance of CydelikSpace

is not possible for any individual or entity. There appears to be a paradox
in that to comprehend CydelikSpace in full one must shrink to a point of
zero, at which stage there would be no experience or perception. To
function as a human, and comprehend all of CydelikSpace, is not
possible. This is not to say that one can't have some extremely grandiose
experiences in this arena. But I don't believe one can ever reach a final
stage of Enlightenment, attainment of a state from which they have
nothing further to learn, nowhere further to go.
Many mystical religions preach pursuit of this Satori experience at the

expense of not valuing one's personal identity or ego. These philosophies
tend to degrade the development of personality, character, abilities,
relations, even evolution itself. While the ego or identity certainly needs
to be transcended to enter CydelikSpace, it is only by continually
rebuilding our identity that our lives continue. My philosophy has been to
use the psychedelic, spiritual, ego-loss experience to break down my
limitations and definitions of myself, to keep my identity from
stagnating, then to rebuild and develop in the manner I choose, a wiser,
healthier, happier ego.

Indeed it is this loss of ego, identity, or self-awareness which admits

one into CydelikSpace. And since any psychedelic can dissolve the
identity to a degree, any psychedelic can admit one into CydelikSpace.
However, with most psychedelic experiences the tendency is for the ego
to begin to reinstate itself immediately after it has dissolved. While the
experience of CydelikSpace seems timeless while in it, if timed on a
clock the deep portion of the experience usually lasts but a few seconds.
My LSD experience in Death Valley is a case in point. At first my self-

identity was dissolving slowly. The pace increased until the ego was in a
rapidly deteriorating state. The "peak" during which "I became the One
Mind onto which all the experiences of time have been etched," lasted for
but a brief moment by our earthly clocks. The descent back to self-
awareness was equally sharp, as I saw layers of identity forming in front
of my perception. If viewed across a graph chart, the ego-loss/
reinstatement process would start as a slowly rising curve, changing to a
nearly vertical, quickly-rising line as the ego dissolves to near
nothingness. The reinstatement of the ego usually closely mirrors its
dissolution.
In 1953, after ingesting mescaline for his first psychedelic expenence,

the famous author-philosopher Aldous Huxley wrote The Doors of
Perception. Here Huxley discusses ideas of his own, and of other
philosophers, relating to this theme. "The function of the brain, nervous
system, and sense organs is in the main eliminative and not productive.
Each person is at any moment capable of remembering all that has ever
happened to him and of perceiving everything that is happening
everywhere in the universe. The function of the brain and nervous system
is to protect us from being overwhelmed and confused by this mass of
largely useless and irrelevant knowledge, by shutting out most of what
we should otherwise perceive or remember at any moment, and leaving
only that very small and special selection which is likely to be practically
useful."
"According to such a theory, each one of us is potentially Mind at

Large. But in so far as we are animals, our business is at all costs to
survive. To make biological survival possible, Mind at Large has to be

funneled through the reducing valve of the brain and nervous system.
What comes out at the other end is a measly trickle of the kind of
consciousness which will help us stay alive on the surface of this
particular planet."
"The various 'other worlds' with which human beings erratically make
contact are so many elements in the totality of the awareness belonging to
Mind at Large. Most people, most of the time, know only what comes
through the reducing valve and is consecrated as genuinely real by the
local language. Certain persons, however, seem to be born with a kind of
by-pass that circumvents the reducing valve. In others temporary by-
passes may be acquired either spontaneously, or as the result of deliberate
'spiritual exercises', or through hypnosis, or by means of drugs. Through
these by-passes there flows, not indeed the perception 'of everything that
is happening everywhere in the universe' (for the by-pass does not
abolish the reducing valve, which still excludes the total content of Mind
at Large) [1] but something more than, and above all something different
from, the carefully selected utilitarian material which our narrowed,
individual minds regard as a complete, or at least a aufficient, picture of
reality."
While I've had many experiences of CydelikSpace on various

psychedelics, it is only Ketamine that has made navigation of
CydelikSpace possible. The depth to which one goes in CydelikSpace,
and the vastness of one's experience, is directly dependent on the degree
to which one's ego has been diminished. Ketamine has the ability of
diminishing the ego much further than any other psychedelic, even to the
point of total unconsciousness. Equally important is that Ketamine keeps
the ego in abeyance for a period of 15 to 45 minutes. Ketamine provides
a more complete "by-pass of the reducing valve" than any other
psychedelic, and this by-pass remains wide open for a long period of
time.
Ketamine is a reliable means of bringing one to a state that is pre-

human, pre-body, even pre-solar system. What I mean by this is that one
is "upstream" on the level of consciousness. One is deeply enmeshed in
CydelikSpace where vast galaxies are being born and destroyed each

moment. It is also Ketamine, and DMT, that have led to my most

spectacular, vivid, and totally mind-blowing visions. These visions can
take on forms from this planet, this human life, but with completely
bizarre details and incredible variations.
One of the unfortunate aspects of Ketamine is that it tends to diminish

the ego too far. Ketamine can diminish the ego sense to complete
unconsciousness. As one approaches unconsciousness they experience
less of CydelikSpace, and retain little upon returning to routine
awareness. Having the most spectacular adventures in CydelikSpace
requires a trick of retaining just the right degree of identity. Keeping this
thread-of- identity unbroken for as long as possible allows the
perceptions of CydelikSpace to be firmly impressed in the memory
banks, providing a greater degree of recollection of this alien realm.
I have found a method that has proven highly successful in allowing

me to retain this desired degree of identity while flying on Ketamine. My
solution is to take Ketamine while already high on a psychedelic.
Although psychedelics diminish the ego, they also expand awareness and
bring one into the "current moment." Anyone who's experimented with
psychedelics can easily imagine that it would be quite difficult to become
unconscious while on, for instance, LSD.
I have found that LSD, many synthetic phenethylamines, and in

particular, 2C-B, can be effectively combined with Ketamine.
Using LSD with Ketamine has some drawbacks, in that the Ketamine
recovery period is significantly increased and quite unpleasant. I've found
this can be tolerable by taking Ketamine about 2/3 of the way into the
LSD trip, and remaining in bed afterwards until falling asleep. However,
the Ketamine trip is most spectacular if taken in the early stages of the
other psychedelic's duration.
I've found that when I combine Ketamine with other psychedelics I

frequently enter a space where I begin chanting, speaking m tongues, and
channeling discarnate entities. In one such experience I even did some
"automatic writing" shortly after coming out of the Ketamine trip. This

was a somewhat difficult process for me to maintain as I had never done

it before. It requires practice to allow the force to move my writing hand
without getting in the way as an interpreter. You'll notice the change
from a third person to a first person perspective in the message I
transcribed.
"They are sad. They see what's happening but seldom have mediums
through whom they can communicate. They pray that the ancient
knowledge they worked so hard to obtain will not be lost and will have a
chance to reach humanity and feel the rays of the sun. We coded this
information in the mind, in the DNA, so it would not be lost. Plants will
allow access to this information. "
I also understood from this message that with each generation this
"ancient knowledge" becomes more diluted in our minds, and more
difficult for one to access. When they "see what's happening" on our
planet they are talking in general about society's problems, and they
know that their "knowledge" can cure humanity's woes.
Taking Ketamine while on 2C-B has produced some absolutely

spectacular experiences. I've used this combination some 30-40 times and
have never failed to hit the mark. In contrast to the traditional
psychedelics, 2C-B has both ego-dissolving and ego-strengthening
properties. 2C-B tends to produce a very "in-the-body" experience, and
combined with Ketamine allows one to bring some human perspectives
to a normally bodiless realm of immortality. While this can be
extraordinarily enlightening, I also suspect that it could lead to some
quite bizarre and deluded ideas. It seems that there are "laws" which
prevent identification-with-the-bodyfrom existing simultaneously with
identification-with-immortal-consciousness. Ketamine taken with 2C-B
short circuits this cosmic rule and the ego can become inflated in some
rather unusual proportions.
I've had many experiences with 2C-B plus Ketamine where

immediately after the Ketamine trip I was able to get up and dance
around like a whirling Dervish. This also frequently entails going into
ritual/yogic postures and movements which release a great deal of

Kundalini energy.
While on 2C-B it seems that any amount of Ketamine produces

interesting results. With 25 mg. of Ketamine I will not loose self-
awareness to the extent required to embark on a true Ketamine trip.
However, the state of mind produced is quite novel, otherworldly, and
illuminating.
With just 50 mg. of Ketamine I can completely separate from self-

awareness and journey into CydelikSpace. While high on another
psychedelic it seems that it requires a smaller amount of Ketamine for the
break with the ego to occur. I've also noticed that this complete
separation from self-awareness becomes easier to achieve as I gain
familiarity with Ketamine and the process of total release.
Another important benefit of combining Ketamine with 2C-B is that

recall of the experience is significantly increased. Visiting this realm of
cosmic fun and knowledge but coming back with only the faintest
recollection of what one's experienced can be frustrating, and leave one
feeling that something is missing. Such was a common feeling with much
of my early Ketamine experimentation. But since I began using Ketamine
with 2C-B, I find I can now access my memory at any time, and recall in
a fair amount of detail many exotic and fascinating experiences.
Following are some of my adventures in CydelikSpace, reports from

the frontier of consciousness. All occurred while taking Ketamine with
2C-B.
...As I watch I see human bodies mating, giving birth. The scene
changes, various animal and reptilian forms have appeared in place of the
humans, and are now seen mating and producing their offspring. I have a
question in my mind. What is this incessant drive that appears in all
species to re-create, to produce incarnate offspring, to invite suffering ?
This unlimited universe of consciousness was perfect before. As I
continue to watch and wonder, the multiplying bodies change to alien

entities. The graphic detail of their forms is incredible. Hollywood would

pay millions for images like this. The bodies I am watching appear to be
moving toward an earlier time in the life of the universe, I'm honing in on
the source of all this creation. In the final scene that I can recall, I'm
watching alien bodies similar to an octopus but mammalian, with hair.
The vision of their mating and propagation is both disgusting and
fascinating... The themes of aliens and birth are ones which occur
frequently in the Ketamme domam.
...As I arise from deep disembodied CydelikSpace I stand up, but I am

still in the realms of the cosmos. The words formulate in my mind, "I am
transmutational being, I manifest out of the void." I know myself to
be the substance of which the manifest universe is made. I know myself
to be that which wills the universe to come forth into existence from the
void. I know these things as my body is dancing around and performing
ritual movements in my tripping room. And as I'm dancing I clearly
experience a parallel life. I am the commander of a star fleet, some
20,000 years in the future, part of a race that has descended from those
we call Atlanteans, who lived on this planet in ancient times in a parallel
universe. With my eyes open I can clearly see the decorations on the
walls of my trip room, as well as the inside of my spacecraft along with
the many crew members whom I am giving instructions to... I understand
that this is but one of several parallel lives in which I exist.
...A magic ritual had been performed, a most intricate trap had been
set, and the elusive essence of the alien life-giving force had been
captured. She was held as though suspended in space, where all present
could view her form without obstructions, a form shrouded in so much
elusiveness and mystery that previously one could not be sure if she truly
existed, or was merely a figment of imagination and folklore. But there
she was, on display for the first time, and not seeming too happy about
occupying center stage in the spotlight for all to see. She appeared as a
semi-transparent, constantly moving flow of energy and matter;
serpentine, dragon-like, with forked tongue and wings, never holding her
shape for even a moment. Now octopoid, now like a dragonfly,
constantly slithering through different shapes under the scrutinous eyes of
her observers. Of course there was no intention of harming this "Mother-

of- all- Forms," just to observe her for a moment to satisfy the curiosity
for knowledge, and to delight in the marvel of her mysterious ethereal
manifestations...
...I became the encryptor of DNA, the evolutionary blueprint, my

incredibly intelligent mind sees the obvious solution of making sea faring
mammals the choice species for long-term intelligence development
potential. While the creatures on planetary surfaces would go through
frequent extinction as climates changed and areas of vegetation changed
to desert or ice, the seas on all planets would be much more stable
environments with a stable food source. The sea mammals would not be
endowed with the primate tendencies of power worship and killing one
another off. The sea mammals would have an additional advantage of
being able to move through three spatial dimensions, while most of the
creatures on land are limited to the two dimensional surface. While the
creatures on the surface may eventually develop technology and even
travel through the galaxies, the sea mammals would have accomplished
most of the same ends without the need for gadgets. The primary tool of
the sea mammals would be the development of telepathic
communication, not only amongst those on their home planet, but being
able to link up with sea mammals throughout the cosmos...
This experience took place during the stage of the Ketamine journey
where one begins to reestablish self-awareness... I was infinite awareness,
knowing myself to be consciousness itself. As this omnipotent
consciousness, I was also aware that I was the creator of all that I
perceived. I began creating some objects that were suspended in a multi-
dimensional space, floating and swirling about the way planets and star
systems may appear if viewed from a perspective where you could see
their entire motion. I decided to give each of these objects a certain
degree of consciousness and memory, so that they could view things
from their own perspectives. Yet I knew that as objects within my
creation, they could never attain the unlimited awareness that I possessed.
Generating this creation also enlarged my own limitless universe, as I
could now enjoy the miniaturized views belonging to each of these
objects. As I watched, these objects grew in knowledge, along with their
ability to see, understand, and interact with one another and their

surroundings. It then dawned on me that all of us are just particles of the

Creator's consciousness, learning and trying to understand. I was swept
by a wave of emotion, and felt an empathy and understanding reaching
out to all beings. I then had the feeling of wanting this reality to exist.
This "model" I had produced as an experiment felt good, and I wanted it
to become manifest. I was the Creator, deciding to begin Creation. Next,
I was absolutely flooded with an overwhelming feeling of love, such as I
had never felt before. This feeling is always a bit of a novelty to me. I
tend to be more of a mental, masculine persuasion. But this love was of
an intensity I had never before experienced. It seemed like the love that
Goddess must feel for her creations. It had a distinct feminine or maternal
quality to it, and as I regained self-awareness, this love poured into every
aspect of my being.
As I sit at my desk typing this I am still under the effects of 2C-B plus
Ketamine. Now here's one for the unusual coincidences list. The phone
on my desk rings, normally I would pick it up and talk to whoever's on
the line, even though I'm still fairly inebriated. But as I sat next to the
ringing phone I had the intuition that my mother was calling, she usually
calls every month or two. And since she's under the impression that I
don't take any drugs, I decided not to talk to her while I was this high,
and with my vocalization slurred as it normally is for a couple hours after
taking Ketamine. After the fourth ring my machine answered, and after
my greeting played back I was not surprised to hear my mother's voice
leaving a message.
One of the most intriguing phenomena of CydelikSpace is what I'll call

the Cosmic Wind or Cosmic Jet-Stream. I've experienced this Cosmic
Wind some 20 times, most often while combining 2C-B with Ketamine,
and each time it's been sheer bliss, thrilling excitement, effortlessness,
and the knowledge that there's no way I can go wrong. The Cosmic Wind
seems to only blow in the right direction, can only be traveled upon when
I'm in a most pristine state of mind, and allows me to travel through
CydelikSpace at otherwise impossible speeds. Once in this Jet-Stream I
am carried along with no effort of my own, and virtually locked onto a
path headed to the most sublime dimensions

If you're a traveler along the frontiers of consciousness, keep your eyes

open and try to catch a ride on this cosmic express. With the Cosmic
Wind at your back, a fragment of identity as a sail, and no baggage of a
human or personal nature, you'll just be rippin' through CydelikSpace and
loving it!
1. Huxley's parenthesis

D. M. Turner - Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Doors of Perception - Aldous Huxley, 1954 HarperCollins - A

psychedelic classic which describes this respected writer's first
experience with mescaline in 1953. Gives the reader a glimpse of the
possibilities within a psychedelic experience and provides excellent
philosophical perspectives.
The Discovery of Mushrooms that Cause Strange Visions - R.

Gordon Wasson, Life Magazine, May 13 1957 - An account of how
Wasson discovered the existence of psychedelic mushrooms. Includes
excellent photos and a beautiful description of Wasson's first mushroom
experience. Out of print.
The Psychedelic Experience - Leary, Alpert, Metzner 1964 Citadel

Press - The best guide book I've seen for the psychedelic experience.
This is a psychedelic adaptation of an Eastern spiritual text, The Tibetan
Book of the Dead. Written by three psychedelic pioneers in the early days
of the psychedelic revolution.
InfoPsychology - Tim Leary, 1977/1987 Falcon Press - An excellent

description of the evolution of consciousness, which can be applied to
either an individual or entire species. Very applicable to understanding
the modes of consciousness attainable through psychedelics. The eight
circuit model of consciousness Leary defines here has been adopted by
Robert Anton Wilson, Antero Ali, etc.
Plants of the Gods - Albert Hofmann, Richard Evans Schultes, 1979

Healing Arts Press - Short accounts on the historic use of several
hallucinogenic plants from around the world. Excellent for giving the
reader a long-term perspective on the plants which have intrigued
humans for millennia.
Prometheus Rising - Robert Anton Wilson, 1983 Falcon Press -

Nearly all of RAW's books, from Sci-Fi novels to philosophical
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discourses, offer interesting perspectives for the psychedelicized thinker,

excellent humor as well. I find this book on consciousness/ will
development to be one of his best.
Notes From the Underground - Gracie and Zarkov, 1985 - This

unpublished manuscript is distributed throughout the psychedelic
underground. It contains some excellent material not available elsewhere,
particularly the chapters on Harmala-containing plants and DMT.
Available from: Rosetta P.O. Box 4611, Berkeley, CA. 94704.
PIHKAL - Alexander & Ann Shulgin, 1991 Transform Press -

Shulgin has been one of the great pioneers of psychedelics for some 30
years. As a chemist he has invented over 200 psychedelic compounds.
PIHKAL gives the chemical formula and description of effects for 179
compounds. The first half of the book is written as a novel describing the
experiences of two psychedelic explorers.
Psychedelics Encyclopedia - Peter Stafford, 1991 Ronin Publishing -

Now in its 3rd edition, this encyclopedia contains 420pp of information
on a wide variety of psychedelics, a must for any psychedelic library.
Food of the Gods - Terence McKenna, 1992 Bantam Books -

McKenna's theories on the role of psilocybin mushrooms and other plants
that have affected human minds for thousands of years.
The Holotropic Mind - Stanislav Grof with Hal Zina Bennett, 1993
HarperCollins - Psychologist Stan Grof has administered numerous
psychedelic therapy sessions, beginning in the late Fifties and continuing
in Europe after psychedelic research was made illegal in the U.S. He has
also developed a method for entering non-ordinary consciousness called
Holotropic Breathwork. In The Holotropic Mind Grof has amassed an
impressive and wide-ranging collection of people's experiences of
expanded consciousness, and through this has developed a
comprehensive map of this domain.
Some of these books can be found at bookstores. Most others can be

obtained through the mail order companies listed below:

Books by Phone (510) 548-2124

FS Book Co. (916) 725-0341
High Times Books (800) 827-0228
Loompanics (206) 385-2230
Quick Trading Co. (800) 428-7825 x102

D. M. Turner - Purchasing Information
The Essential Psychedelic Guide may be ordered from Panther Press for
$14.95 per copy. ($12.95 + $2.00 shipping and handling) California
residents must add $0.94 tax per copy. For credit card orders add a $1.00
per copy processing fee. Additional postage is required for international
orders as indicated below.
For Visa - Mastercard orders only call 415-753-6481
To order by mail, copy the form below and send with payment to:
Panther Press
1032 Irving, #514
San Francisco, CA 94122
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D. M. Turner - Back Cover
The Essential Psychedelic Guide provide clear, detailed descriptions of

the effects of all major psychedelics, including exotic substances like
DMT, Mescaline, Ketamine, and 2C-B. for each substance it discusses
the material, history, and effects, plus hard to find information on dosage
levels, methods of administration, combinations, and safety issues.
Other chapters give crucial information on understanding set and setting,

preparations to obtain maximum benefits from psychedelics while
avoiding pitfalls, and novel theories on the philosophy behind these
extraordinary dimensions.
D. M. Turner is a courageous adventurer in non-ordinary consciousness

shose writing is based on extensive first-hand experience with
psychedelics. His involvement with other in diverse areas of the
psychedelic community provides for insightful cross-perspectives on how
these substances affect different people.
The Essential Psychedelic Guide takes readers on a fascinating

adventure through the psychedelic realms. These realms are described
with such lucid detail that readers may actually feel they've embarked on
a trip! This is an essential reference for anyone with an interest in
psychedelics.
"A remarkable journal by a courageous explorer, describing travels with

a broad range of psychedelic drugs. This is an especially valuable
reference volume on drug combinations."
- Alexander Shulgin, author of PIHKAL
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Sssshhhh!! Don't blow our Cover!!

Foreword to the HTML Edition - by Forbidden Donut

A Brief History of Psychedelics - From the Creation of Gods to the

Psychedelic Safety - Understanding the Tools

LSD - Molecule of Perfection

Psilocybin Mushrooms - The Extraterrestrial Infiltration of Earth?

Mescaline: Peyote & San Pedro Cactus - Shamanic Sacraments

Ecstasy - The Heart Opening Psychedelic

2C-B - The Erotic Empathogen

III - Exotic Highs of a Connoisseur

DMT - Candy for the Mind

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Harmala Alkaloids - Link to the Ancient Spirits

Ketamine - The Ultimate Psychedelic Journey

Multiple Combinations - Cosmic Synergism

Further Explorations - Where do we go from Here?

DMT ~ Water Spirit - A Magical Link

Psychedelic Reality - CydelikSpace

Purchasing The Essential Psychedelic Guide

Back Cover Text

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The Essential Psychedelic Guide - By D. M. Turner

First Printing - September 1994

Copyright 1994 by Panther Press ISBN 0-9642636-1-0

Library of Congress Catalog registration in progress Printed in the United

Selected excerpt from The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any

Warning: Many of the substances discussed in this book are currently

orders add $1.00 processing fee.

For Visa - Mastercard orders only phone (415) 753-6481.

For wholesale inquiries and any other information write to:

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Foreword to the HTML Edition

You, dear reader, are an extremely fortunate individual to have

The Essential Psychedelic Guide, while deceptively slim in its printed

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The sad circumstances regarding his demise, however, have cast a

Mr. Turner was in the process of revising his Essential Psychedelic

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Over 300 mushroom stones have been found throughout Mesoamerica,

"Psychedelics" are substances with the ability to expand human

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been used in "shamanistic" settings for thousands of years, as well as

Psychedelics may be the most amazing substances known to humanity.

I am writing this book because in this primitive time of political power

I've tried to focus on the less common psychedelics and on

THE PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCE - This is the premier "tripping

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not familiar with the states it describes.

PLANTS OF THE GODS - This gives a brief overview on the history

FOOD OF GODS - Author Terence McKenna eloquently expounds

Other books are listed in the various chapters, as well as the

I consider my research a work in process, by no means definitive or

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHEDELICS

FROM THE CREATION OF

Try to imagine yourself as a neolithic human, most of your attention

Worship involving psychedelic plants and their use in spiritual pursuits

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The knowledge of one psychedelic sacrament, the psilocybe

Wasson explored all he could find about mushrooms through folklore,

Wasson also discovered that an existing "mushroom cult" still