S dng thit b thi cng cc barret thi cng tng vy, tng chn t.

Vi iu v cc Barret
Cc barrette ( hay cn gi l cc barette, cc baret, cc ba ret cc ba rt), thc
cht l mt loi cc nhi b tng, nhng khc cc khoan nhi v hnh dng tit din, v
phng php to l: to l bng my o (cng c khi gi l my cp) o t hoc
cc phng php khc ch khng ch dng phng php khoan bng my khoan. Tit
din cc nhi l hnh trn cn barrette l ch nht, ch thp, ch I, ch H...v c to l
bng gu ngom. Cc Barrette c ngi Php ci tin t cc nhi to ra sc chu ti
ln hn vi cng mt th tch b tng s dung.
Cc barrette thng s dng my khoan tng vch dng rng c khoan o
vi gu ngom vi lc kp rt ln. B dy mt tng vch c th khoan t 400 n 1500
mm. Loi ny c dng cho cc trng hp khng s dng cc lam nn mng trng
chon ch.
Cc barrette c sc chu ti ln hn nhiu so vi cc nhi (c th ln hn 1000T)
nn dng cho nhng cng trnh c ti trng di mng rt ln. Mng barrette thng s
dng khi kt hp lm tng vy v thng dng cho loi nh c 2 tng hm tr ln tuy
nhin gi thnh thi cng loi mng ny thng t hn nhiu(do cng ngh thi cng) so
vi dng cc khoan nhi.Trong d tnh sc chu ti ca cc khoan nhi, sc chu ti theo
ma st bn ng vai tr quan trng.
Ta lm mt v d:
Nu xt mt cc Barrette c kch thc l 2.8 m x 0.8 m c din tch mt ct l
2.24 m2. Din tch ny tng ng vi mt cc nhi c ng knh l 1.75 m2. Tuy
nhin din tch mt bn ca cc barret l 7.2 m2/m cn cc khoan nhi tng ng in
tch l 5.5 m2/m. Nh vy c th nhn thy rng cc barrette l hiu qu hn v ch tiu
kinh t ng/m3 b tng s dung. Sc mang ti ca cc ny c th tng ln ti 30% do
tng sc mang ti bn.
Tuy nhin cc barrette thi cng l kh hn m bo cht lng dc bit l lm
sch y cc trc khi b tng.
Dng cc barrette chu sc ti thng ng th thn trng, trong nhiu trng
hp, cc barette cn phi ng tng , mt c th nghing, cho nn ci mi cp t
ca my barrette b chn li, khng mc c ht t, cho nn khi b-tng, n ch chu
trn mt gc ca barrette thi. C th trng hp ny khng xy ra trn cc t ph sa
ng bng sng.
 A S dng thit b thi cng cc Barret thi cng
tng vy, tng chn t.
I.Cc, tng Barrets
Cc Barrette: l mt loi cc khoan nhi, khng thi cng bng li khoan hnh
trn m l thi cng bng my o gu ngm hnh ch nht.
Cc baret thng l hnh ch nht c kch thc: chiu rng 0.61.5m, chiu di
2.26.0m. V cc baret c th c nhiu
tit din khc nhau nh: +,T, I, L

u im cc barret
Chu ti trng ln (c th n
vi ngn tn
Lm vic lch tm (chu N,
M,Q) => Tng chn (cc ta nh c
tng hm).
Chiu su ln (<100m).
Thi cng tng hm theo
phng php Top Down., kt hp d
dng.
Nhc im
Cc barrette thi cng l kh hn
m bo cht lng dc bit l lm
sch y cc trc khi b tng.
Dng cc barrette chu sc
ti thng ng th thn trng, trong
nhiu trng hp, cc barette cn phi ng tng , mt c th nghing, cho nn ci
mi cp t ca my barrette b chn li, khng mc c ht t, cho nn khi b-
tng, n ch chu trn mt gc ca barrette thi. C th trng hp ny khng xy ra trn
cc t ph sa ng bng sng.
II.Thi cng cc Barret
1.THIT K CC BARRETTE
a.Kho st a cht cng trnh cho mng cc
 Mng hay mng nn, nn mng
hay mng nh l kt cu k thut xy dng
nm di cng ca cng trnh xy dng
nh cc ta nh, cu, p nc....) m
nhim chc nng trc tip ti trng ca
cng trnh vo nn t bo m cho cng
trnh chu c sc p ca trng lc tng
cc tng, lu khi lng ca cng trnh
m bo sc chc chn ca cng trnh.
Mng phi c thit k v xy dng v thi
cng cng trnh khng b ln gy ra nt
hoc v cc cng trnh xy dng. Nn
mng l phn t nm di y mng chu
ton b hoc phn ln ti trng cng trnh
xung, cn gi l nn t, ni chu ton
b ti trng ca cng trnh, li l thnh
phn ca cng trnh c chn su v k..
Mng nh l mt trong nhng yu t quan
trng nht cn c lu khi xy nh hoc
cc cng trnh khc. y l ni quyt nh
cho s kin c, bn vng v l nn tng
nng c cng trnh.

Vic kho st a k thut l khu

quan trng, mu cht. Trc tin phi nghin cu lch s thnh to a cht v iu kin
a cht cng trnh ti a im xy dng, tham kho nhng ti liu c ti khu vc s
xy dng cng trnh v nhng cng trnh ln cn. Xc nh s lng, v tr v chiu su
cc im kho st cng vi phng php kho st.

V khi lng cng tc kho st phi bao qut ton b din tch xy dng cng
trnh, cc hng mc nh n u th s im kho st ti thiu cng khng c t hn 3.
V v tr cc im kho st th phi b tr theo chu vi mng v mt s im ngay gia
cng trnh thit lp c cc mt ct a cht. V chiu su cc im kho st, phi
vt qua tng chu nn Ha. Thng thng i vi mng cc, chiu su cc h khoan v
cc h xuyn phi vt qua u mi cc d kin t 7 m 50 n 10 m, nh vy mi s
liu a cht thit k cc v tnh ln cho mng cc. Cn xc nh mc nc di t
theo ma v tnh cht n mn i vi btng. c bit i vi nn mng cc cng trnh
ln cn cn tin hnh quan st o v, chp nh.

VD: Trong nhiu trng hp cc barrette cn phi ng tng , mt c th

nghing, cho nn mi cp t ca my o b chn li, khng mc c ht t, cho nn
khi beton, n ch chu trn mt gc ca barrette thi.

b.Giai on Thit k cc barrette:

-Vt liu lm cc barrette:
Beton: #250 #350.
 Ct thp:
Thp ch: 16 32 loi AII.
Thp ai: 12 16 loi AI hoc AII.
-.B tr ct thp cho cc barrette hnh ch nht:
Chiu di ton b lng ct thp c ni bi nhiu on, di t 612m.
m bo cho lp beton bo v ct thp dy 7cm phi t cc con k.
t sn cc ng bng kim loi hoc bng cht do c ng knh khong
60mm.
Ghi ch: Cu to lng ct thp rt a dng, ty theo t vn thit k ; ty theo
kch thc cc barrette, ty theo iu kin a cht, ty theo ti trng cng trnh v ty
theo thit k thi cng m c th thay i cho ph hp.
-.Thit k i cc barrette:
 2.THI CNG CC BARRETTE
TON B QU TRNH GM 5 BC
Thi cng tng dn
o t - gi vch h o bng dung dch bentonite
Thi ra h o bng phng php lun chuyn bentonite
t khi (CWS) v tm chn nc
Gia cng lp t ng b tng v b tng theo phng php rt ng.

2.1.o h cc
Cng nh thi cng cc khoan nhi cht lng thi cng tng trong t ch yu
ph thuc vo khu bentonite.
o t tng chn

Tng qut:
o t dng gu ch nht do cu iu khin bng cp. Trong khi o dung dch
bentonite c gi mc cch ct nh tng dn 0,4m thng ng ca h o
c kim tra bng mt thng theo dy cp cu khi h gu vo h o.
Cn cu dng o nn ng cch mp h o ti thiu l 4m. Mi s di chuyn
ca cn cu phi ht sc thn trng.
Tng chn dc thi cng thnh tng tm panel ring bit, gia chng l khp
ni v thng l mt giong cao su chn
nc. C 3 loi tm panel c dng l:
panel khi u, panel tip v panel
ng.

a..Thit b o h:
My o gu ngm: l thit b
dng o t loi st v loi ct, c
iu khin bng thu lc hay dy cp.

My o gu ph:
gn u ph vi nhng
bnh xe rng ca c ln c
gn li kim cng.
My cu phc v
cp tng
Gu cp thy lc
 Gu o thy lc
My trn bentonite

b..Chun b h o:
o bng tay mt h o c kch thc ng
bng kch thc thit k ca cc barrette v su khong
0.80-1.00m.
t vo h o ni trn mt khung c bng thp
ch to sn.
Nu khng c khung c bng thp th c th
btng hoc xy tng gch tt vi ciment mc cao.
c.Ch to dung dch bentonite:
Trn 2050kg bt bentonite vi 1m3 nc.
Cho dung dch vo b cha.
S dng dung dch bentonite mt cch tun hon
Dung dch khoan bn c a v trm x l. Cc tp cht b kh i, cn li l
dung dch khoan nh mi ti s dng.
Dung dch sau khi x l phi c c tnh sau:
Dung trng <1.2
nht Marsh t 3540s.
tch nc <40cm3.
Hm lng ct 5%.
d.o h cc barrette bng gu ngm:
Gu o phi th ng c nh hng t sn. H o phi m bo ng v tr v
thng ng.
Phi m bo cho kch thc hnh hc h o ng thit k v khng b st l.
Mun vy, phi m bo dung dch bentonite thu hi v ch cha cn ln 5%.

Trong lc o phi cung cp thng xuyn dung

dch bentonite mi, tt vo y h o, b mt ca dung dch bentonite phi m bo cao
hn mc nc ngm ngoi h o 2m.
Khi o n su thit k phi tin hnh thi ra bng nc c p. Dng bm
chm ht cn lng bng t, ct nh ln. Cn ct to, cui si, vn th dng gu
ngom vt sch. Trn thc t thng rt kh vt sch nn cho php chiu dy lp cn
lng di y h 10cm.
 Sau khi o xong
h cc barrette, phi
kim tra li ln
cui cng kch
thc hnh hc
h o. Sai s cho
php ca cnh
ngn l 5cm,
cnh di l
10cm, chiu su
l 10cm,
nghing theo
cnh ngn l 1%
so vi h o.
2.2.Ch to lng thp v th vo h o
cho cc barrette:
Sai s cho php v kch thc hnh hc ca lng thp nh sau:
C ly gia cc ct thp dc:1mm.
C ly gia cc ct thp ai: 2mm.
Kch thc cnh ngn tit din: 5mm.
Kch thc cnh di tit din: 10mm.
di tng cng ca lng thp: 50mm.
Ni cc on lng ct thp li vi nhau khi th xong tng on c th dng
phng php buc (nu cc ch chu nn) hoc dng phng php hn in (cc chu c
N, M,Q).

2.3. beton cc barrette:

Trc khi btng phi lp ng cong btng cho mt cc barrette, theo
tng t beton mt. Mt ng cong beton phi c it nht 5 im phn b u n
trn chiu di cc.
btng bng phu hoc mng nghing ni vi ng dn. u ng btng c nt
tm, khi btng y, trng lng beton s y nt xung lm cho beton chy lin tc
xung h o, cch lm ny nhm trnh beton b phn tng.
ng beton c chiu di bng chiu di cc. Trc lc beton, n chm y,
sau c nng ln khong 15cm dng beton chy xung lin tc.
 Khi beton t di y h dng ln th cng rt ng dn beton ln dn nhng phi
m bo u ng lun ngp trong beton ti mt an 23m.
Tc beton khng c qu chm cng khng c qu nhanh, tc hp l
l 0.6 m3/pht.
Khng nn bt u beton vo ban m m nn vo sng sm. Phi beton
lin tc cho xong tng cc trong 1 ngy.
Phi thng xuyn theo di v ghi chp mc cao ca mt beton ti dng ln sau
mi t vo h cc.
Phi tnh c lng beton cn thit y mi cc ch ng trong thi cng.
Khi lng beton thc t thng ln hn khi lng beton tnh ton (theo kch
thc hnh hc ca cc) khong 520%, nu qu 20% th phi kim tra li.
 THIT K V THI CNG TNG TRONG T.
1/Nhng khi nim chung v tng trong t:
a) nh ngha:
- Tng trong t l mt b phn kt cu cng trnh bng btng ct thp c
c ti ch hoc lp ghp.
b) Phm vi p dng tng trong t:
Lm tng hm cho nh cao tng

Cc cng trnh ngm: ng tu in ngm, ng cu chui, cng thot nc,

gara t di t.

Lm tng chn t, lm k b cng

2/ Thi cng tng trong t
a/ o h cho panen u tin
Bc 1: o mt phn h n chiu cao thit k
Bc 2: o phn h bn cnh , cch h u tin mt di t
Bc3: o nt phn t cn li ( o trong dd bentonite) hon thnh mt h
cho panen u tin theo thit k

b/ H lng thp, t giong chng thm v btng cho barrette u tin

- Bc 4: h lng ct thp vo h o sn, trong dd bentonite. Sau t giong
chng thm CWS( nh c b g lp bng thp chuyn dng) vo v tr.
- Bc 5: btng theo phng php va dng,
thu hi dd bentonite v trm x l.
- Bc 6: hon thnh btng cho ton b panen
th nht.
c) o h cho panen tip theo v tho b giong
chng thm.
- Bc 7: o mt phn h su n ct thit k y
panen ( o trong dd trong bentonite).
- Bc 8: o tip n st panen s 1.
- Bc 9: g b g lp giong chng thm bng gu
o khi cnh ca panen s1
Tho b g giong
 d) H lng thp, t giong chng thm v btng cho panen th 2.
- Bc 10: h lng ct thp xung h o cha y dd bentonite. t b g lp
cng vi giong chng thm CWS vo v tr.
- Bc 11: btng cho panen th 2 bng phng php va dng,
- Bc 12: tip tc o h cho panen th 3 pha bn kia ca panen s 1.
Tip tc tin hnh nh vy hon thnh bc tng barrette nh thit k.
Ch to cc ch ni (Joints):
Phn ln cc trng hp ngi ta u
ch to cc ni gia hai k cn nhau. Cc cu
trc ni ny dung phng php CWS gi l ni
CWS c gn b phn cn nc. Khi vic ti x l
bentonite ang tin hnh th ta a ni CWS c
b phn cn nc xung h cng vi sn tng
cng st vi mc nc thp nht ca sn. Ni
CWS s c rt ra theo chiu ngang sau khi
hon ton o xong t k cn bng cc phng
tin c kh, phng tin o t, bng dng c ht
bng hi... Cu trc CWS c th dng nh mt
dng c hng dn cho cc thit b o ng thi
bo m c tnh lin tc v phng din hnh hc cho tng chn.
2.4.1. Nguyn tc ca khp ni CWS: Khp ni CWS l mt tm chn sn c
th rt ra sau khi o panel k bn cho php thi cng cc khp ni kn nc gia cc
panel tng mt cch d dng.
2.4.2. Lp dung v tho d khp ni CWS: Trc khi lun chuyn dung dch
Bentonite, cc khp ni CWS c lp dng ti u cc panel o xong. Cc panel
khi u c khp ni c hai u v cc panel tip ch c khp ni mt du. Khp ni
CWS gm cc tm ri c lin kt vi nhau bng bu lng trong qu trnh h xung h
o. Khp ni c h xung qu ct y vi mt hoc vo tng t thm. Mt thanh chn
nc bng cao su c gn vo khp ni. Ngi ta c th dng chnh xc my o lp
dng v tho d khp ni CWS. Khi o h o mi bn cch khp CWS cng dc s
dng dn hng cho gu o mt cch hu hiu.
2.4.3. Cc thun li khi dng khp ni CWS:
Tho d tm chn d dng khng ph thuc vo cng tc
b tng, gim bt cng thng vo cui gi b tng, d dng
t chc sn xut;
L dng dn tuyt vi cho gu o khi o panel bn
cnh;
Cho php lp tm chn nc cao su d dng; Lm vn khun
to hnh khi cho tm panel bo v panel mi khi o tm bn cnh
gi dc v sinh cho khp ni. 2.5. t thp chu lc Lng thp chu
lc c ch to trc trn cng trng. Sau khi lp t khp CWS v
lun chuyn Bentonite xong lng thp c h xung h o bng cu
bnh xch. Lng c ci bng cc c bo v bng b tng hoc bng
thp m bo duy tr chiu di, lp bo v ct thp ti thiu. Cc
lng thp thng c gia cng thnh tng on di 12m, cc lng
c lin kt vi nhau bng bu lng ch U phn un chng c thc
hin khi h xung h o. Khi tt c cc on lng thp c h xung ng chiu su
thit k, lng thp c treo vo tng dn bng cc thnh treo. 2.6. b tng
Lp khp, lng thp v b tng panel khi u.
 IV.Cc ,tng Barret vi phng php top down
1. nh ngha
Cng ngh thi cng Top-down (t trn xung) l cng ngh thi cng phn ngm
ca cng trnh nh, theo phng php khc vi phng php truyn thng: thi cng t
di ln. Trong cng ngh thi cng Top-down ngi ta c th ng thi va thi cng cc
tng ngm (bn di ct 0,00 (ct 0,00 tc l cao mt nn hon thin ca tng trt
cng trnh nh, c l ct khng)) v mng ca cng trnh, va thi cng mt s hu hn
cc tng nh, thuc phn thn, bn trn ct khng (trn mt t).
2.ng dng
Nh cao tng thng c mt vi tng hm lm tng k thut, cha ng my
mc thit b, h thng k thut v x l nh: b nc th, h thng bm nc, thit b lc,
b nc sch h thng b cha ph thi v x l, h thng bin p v t iu khin, t
phn phi in. Ngoi ra, cn lm kho cha hng ha, vt liu v gara t. V gc
chu lc tng hm gip cng trnh bt ti nn t pha trn a trng tm cng trnh
thp xung, gip cng trnh chu lc ngang ca gi, bo, ng t tt hn. Tuy nhin vic
thi cng tng hm ni ring v phn ngm ni chung thng rt kh khn v l thch
thc i vi nhiu nh thu. Mi cng trnh u c nhng c dim ring v cu to nn
t, mt ct a cht, chiu cao mc nc ngm... nn khng th ch s dng kinh nghim
m i hi cn c hiu bit y v khoa hc v cng ngh mi p ng c yu cu
xy dng ca cng trnh.
Cc phng php thi cng phn ngm truyn thng thng dng tng chn v
h thanh chng o t v thi cng phn ngm cng trnh t di ln m i din ca
cc phng php ny l: Phng php s dng tng chn bng c vn thp (Sheel piles)
v h thng thanh chng (Bracing System); Phng php s dng tng chn barrette v
h thng neo trong t (Anchors).Cc phng php ny bn cnh mt s u im th bc
l nhiu nhc im c bn l tn km v kinh t tin thi cng chm v chnh xc
km.
i vi nhng nh s dng tng barrette quanh chu vi nh ng thi lm tng
cho tng hm nh nn thi cng tng hm theo kiu top-down.Cng ngh thi cng tng
hm 'TOP-DOWN' l cng ngh tin tin hin nay.
3.u im
Cc vn v mt bng v tin thi cng: khng cn din tch o mng ln
hoc tn chi ph phi lm tng chn t c lp. c bit i vi cng trnh giao
thng dng hm giao thng, phng php ny gip sm ti lp mt ng giao thng.
V c th thi cng kt hp up-up phn thng tng v top down i vi phn ngm
(thng dng i vi cc cng trnh dn dng c tng ngm) ----> y nhanh tin thi
cng.
Tin thi cng nhanh: khi ang lm mng v tng hm vn c th ng thi
lm phn trn c tit kim thi gian, (ng nhin l phi tng chi ph gia cng an
ton phn di nhiu hn, cn nu "tit kim" tin m khng b l c "chi ph"
tng do phi gia cng an ton th khng cn lm nhanh, top-down phn ngm trc ri
mi lm phn trn nh thy H ni. Sau khi thi cng sn tng trt, c th tch
hon ton vic thi cng phn thn v thi cng phn ngm. C th thi cng ng thi cc
tng hm v kt cu phn thn.. Qua thc t 1 s cng trnh cho thy c th thi cng
phn thn cng trnh ch mt 30 ngy, trong khi mi gii php chng quen thuc mi tng
hm(k c o t, chng h dm tm, thi cng phn BT) mt khong 45 n 60 ngy,
vi nh c 3 tng hm th thi cng t 3 n 6 thng. Vi nh c 3 tng hm thng tit
kim c thi gian thi cng t 5 dn 6 thng.
Khng cn dng h thng chng tm (Bracsing System) chng vch
tng tng hm trong qu trnh o t v thi cng cc tng hm, khng phi chi ph cho
h chng ph. H thanh chng tm ny thng rt phc tp vng khng gian thi cng
v rt tn km.
Chng vch t c gii quyt trit v dng tng v h kt cu cng trnh
c n nh cao.
Khng tn h thng gio chng, copha cho kt cu dm sn v thi cng trn mt
t. (i vi phng php o truyn thng th chi ph cho cng tc chng v neo kh
cao, ko di thi cng v i hi cc thit b tin tin.)
Cc vn v mng (hin tng bn nn, nc ngm...), c mt im lu
y l trong th thng c nhiu cng trnh cao tng, nu thi cng o m (open cut)
c tng vy, mng su v phi h mc nc ngm thi cng phn ngm, iu ny dn
n vic thng khng m bo cho cc cng trnh cao tng k bn (d xy ra hin tng
trt mi o, ln nt...), phng n thi cng Top-down gii quyt c vn ny.
Khi thi cng cc tng hm c sn tng trt, nn gim nh hng xu ca thi
tit.[1].
Mt s nhc im
Kt cu ct tng hm phc tp.
Lin kt gia dm sn v ct tng kh thi cng.
Thi cng cn phi c nhiu kinh nghim
Thi cng t trong khng gian kn kh thc hin c gii ho.
Thi cng trong tng hm kn nh hng n sc kho ngi lao ng.
Phng php cng ngh chnh
Trong cng ngh Top-down, cc tng hm c thi cng bng cch thi cng phn
tng vy bng h cc barrette xung quanh nh (sau ny phn trn nh ca tng vy
dng lm tng bao ca ton b cc tng hm) v h cc khoan nhi (nm di chn cc
mng ct) bn trong mt bng nh. Tng vy thi cng theo cng ngh cc nhi b tng
ti ct khng (ct nn ngay trn mt t) (khng tnh phn b tng cht lng km trn
nh vo trong thnh phn tng). Ring cc cc khoan nhi b tng nm di mng ct
pha trong mt bng nh th khng thi cng ti mt t m ch ti ngang ct mng
(khng tnh phn b tng u cc nhi, phi ty b i sau ny). Phn trn chu lc tt,
ngay bn di mng ca cc cc nhi ny c t sn cc ct thp bng thp hnh, ch
di ln trn ti ct khng (ct nn ngay ti mt t). Cc ct thp hnh ny, l tr cc
tng nh hnh thnh trong khi thi cng Top-down, nn n phi c tnh ton chu
c tt c cc tng nh, m c hon thnh trc khi thi cng xong phn ngm (gm
tt c cc tng hm cng thm mt s hu hn cc tng thuc phn thn nh trc).
Tip theo o rnh trn mt t (lm khun dm), dng ngay mt t lm khun hoc
mt phn ca khun c dm v sn b tng ct thp ti ct khng. Khi b tng sn
ct khng phi cha li phn sn khu thang b ln xung tng ngm, (cng kt hp
vi thang my) ly li o t v a t ln khi thi cng tng hm. Sn ny phi c
lin kt chc vi cc ct thp hnh lm tr ch sn nu trn, v lin kt chc vi h
tng vy (tng vy l gi chu lc vnh vin ca sn b tng ny). Sau khi b tng
dm, sn ti ct khng t cng tho d khun c, ngi ta tin hnh cho my
o chui qua cc l thang ch sn nu trn, xung o t tng hm ngay bn di sn
ct khng. sau li tin hnh b tng sn tng hm ny, ngay trn mt t va o,
tng t thi cng nh sn ti ct khng, ri tin hnh lp ghp ct thp ct tng hm, lp
khun ct tng hm v b tng chng.
C lm nh cch thi cng tng hm u tin ny, vi cc tng hm bn di.
Ring tng hm cui cng thay v b tng sn th tin hnh thi cng kt cu mng v
i mng.
ng thi vi vic thi cng mi tng hm th trn mt t ngi ta vn c th thi
cng mt hay vi tng nh thuc phn thn nh bnh thng. Sau khi thi cng xong ht
cc kt cu ca tng hm ngi ta mi thi cng h thng thang b v thang my ln
xung tng hm.
Mt s k thut cn thit trong thi cng tng hm
theo phng php "TOP-DOWN"
Ct thp tm
Khi thi cng tng hm theo phng php TOP-DOWN phi s dng cc ct
thp cc sn tng hm v nu thi cng kt cu phn thn ng thi vi thi cng
tng hm th cc ct thp chng tm ny phi chu c thm c 2 sn tng 1 v tng 2
na. S lng cc sn m ct thp chng tm cn phi s c ly theo tin thi
cng phn thn nh.
Cc ct thp tm sau ny s c nhi v bc b tng tr thnh nhng ct chu
lc ca cng trnh. Vic tinh ton cc ct ny s theo nhng phng php tinh ton v
quy nh ring. Trong thc t ngi ta dng thp I c gia cng thp gc hoc ng thp
vi kh nng chu lc t 200 - 1000 tn.
Cc ct thp tm phi c t ng vo v tr cc ct chu lc ca cng trnh
v thng c cm sn vo cc cc khoan nhi t khi thi cng cc khoan nhi.
B tng
Do yu cu thi cng lin tc, phi tho vn khun sm tin hnh o t thi
cng tip tc phn di, nn cn dng ph gia gip b tng nhanh chng t c
cng yu cu trong mt thi gian ngn. C th s dng cc phng php sau:
- S dng ph gia ha do, siu do gim t l nc nhng vn gi nguyn st
yu cu lm tng cng ca b tng.
- S dng cc ph gia tng trng cng nhanh, c th t trn 90% cng
thit k trong vng 7 ngy.
Khi thi cng ct v vch cng, cn phi dng b tng c ph gia trng n v
cc u ct, u li ni tip gip vi dm sn. Ph gia trng n nn s dng loi
khong, khi tng tc vi nc xi mng to ra cc cu t n CaOAl2O33CaSo4(31-
32)H2O. Hm lng ph gia trng n thng c s dng l t 5 - 15% ca lng xi
mng, khng nn dng bt nhm hoc cc cht sinh kh lm b tng trng n bi
chng gy n mn ct thp.
B tng sn ni tip gip vi tng tng hm ni c thp ch v sn y phi
c chng thm bng nhng phng php hu hiu, vic sa cha nhng ch b r r,
thm sau khi thi cng b tng l rt kh khn v tn km.