CHAPTER 1: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
MOLE CONCEPT
1. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
(A) Every scientific observation involves some
degree of uncertainity depending upon the
limitation of instrument. To represent scientific
data, role of significant figures has its own
importance.
(B) Significant figures are equal to the number of
digits in numbers with last digit uncertain
and rest all are certain digits i.e. all the digits
of datum including the uncertain one, are
called significant figures.
(C) Rules for determination significant figure:
(i) All non zero digits are significant.
Example: 3.14 has three significant figures
(ii) The zeros to the right of the decimal point
are significant.
Example: 3.0 has two significant figures.
(iii) The zeros to the left of the first non zero digit
in a number are not significant.
Example: 0.02 has one significant figure.
(iv) The zeros between two non zero digits are
also significant.
Example: 6.01 has three significant figures.
(v) Exponential form : N 10n. Where N show
the significant figure.
Example: 1.86 104 has three significant
figure.
(vi) Rounding off the uncertain digit:
(a) If the left most digit to be rounded off is more
than 5, the preceding number is increased
by one.
Example: 2.16 is rounded to 2.2
(b) If the left most digit to be rounded off is less
than 5 , the preceding number is retained.
Example: 2.14 is rounded off to 2.1
MATTER
Homogenous
(Composition uniform)
Elements Compounds
(only one type
* only one type
of atoms)
of molecules
* Different type
of atoms but
composition is
uniform
(c) If the left most digit to be rounded off is
equal to 5, the preceding number is not
changed if it is even and increased by one if
it is odd.
Example: 3.25 is rounded off to 3.2
2.35 is round off to 2.4
2. TYPES OF MIXTURE
2.1 Heterogenous mixture
A mixture in which the different constituents are
not distributed uniformly is known as
heterogenous mixture. eg Water
2.2 Homogenous mixture
A mixture in which the different constituents are
uniformly distributed is known as homogenous
mixture. eg. O2, N2 etc.
3. LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION
3.1 Law of conservation of mass-[Lavoisier, 1744]
(a) According to this law , matter is neither
created nor destroyed in the course of
chemical reaction although it may change
from one form to other
(b) This law contradicts nuclear reactions where
Einestein equation is applicable
(c) According to this law , sum of the masses of
product formed is always equal to the sum of
the masses of the reactant undergone change
Example : H2 + Cl2 2HCl
2 gm 71 gm 2 [ 1 + 35.5]
73 gm 73 gm
3.2 Law of definite proportion [Proust, 1799]
(a) According to the law , the composition of a
compound always remains a constant i.e.
the ratio of weights of different elements in a
Heterogeneous
(Composition nonuniform)
Mixture
* Different type molecules
of composition of them is
not fixed and can be
sometimes separated
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 1
 compound ; no matter by whatever method ,
it is prepared or obtained from different
sources, remains always a constant
Example : In H2O ratio of weight = 1 : 8
In CO2 ratio of weight = 3 : 8
3.3 Law of multiple proportion [John Dalton, 1804]
According to this law, when two elements A and
B combine to form more than one chemical
compound then different weights of A , which
combine with a fixed weight of B , are in a
proportion of simple whole number
Example: CO & CO2
12 : 16 & 12 : 32
ratio = 16 : 32
= 1 : 2
3.4 Law of reciprocal proportions [Ritche, 1792-94]
When two elements combines separately with
third element and form different types of
molecules, their combining ratio is directly
reciprocated if they combine directly
Example:
C with H form methane and with O form CO 2. In
CH4, 12 grams of C reacts with 4 grams of H
whereas in CO 2 12 gram of C reacts with 32
grams of O. Therefore when H combines with O
they should combine in the ratio of 4 : 32
(i.e. = 1 : 8) or in simple multiple of it. The same
is found to be true in H2O molecule. The ratio of
weights of H and O in Water is 1 : 8
3.5 Gay-Lussacs [1808] law of combining volumes :
This law states that under similar conditions of
pressure and temperature, volume ratio of gases
is always in terms of simple integers.
Ex.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
vol. ratio 1 : 3 : 2
4. AVOGADRO'S HYPOTHESIS
According to this under similar conditions of
pressure and temperature, equal volumes of
gases contain equal number of molecules.
2 CHEMISTRY
4.1 Salient features of Avogadro's hypothesis
(1) It has removed the anomaly between Dalton's
atomic theory and Gay Lussac's law of
volume by making a clear distinction in
between atoms and molecules
(2) It reveals that common elementary gases
like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen etc. are
diatomic
(3) It provides a method to determine the atomic
weights of gaseous elements
(4) It provides a relationship between vapour
density and molecular weight of substances
Vapour density =
Volume of definite amount of Gas
Volume of same amount of Hydrogen
or Vapour density =
Weight of n molecules of Gas
Weight of n molecules of Hydrogen
or Vapour density =
Weight of one molecule of Gas
Weight of one atom of hydrogen 2
Molecular weight
or Vapour density =
2
(5) It helps to determine molar volume
Molecular weight of the gas
= 2 vapour density
Weight of 1 litre of the Gas at S. T.P
= 2
Weight of 1 litre of Hydrogen at S. T.P
Weight of 1 litre of the Gas at S. T.P
= 2
0.089 gm
2
= Weight of 1 litre of the gas at S.T.P..
0.089
= 22.4 Weight of 1 litre of gas at S.T.P.
= Weight of 22.4 litre of the gas at S.T.P
5. ATOM, MOLECULES AND MOLECULAR
FORMULA
Atom: It is the smallest particle of an element
that takes part in a chemical reaction and not
capable of independent existence.
Molecule: It is the smallest particle of matter
which is capable of independent existence. A
molecule is generaly an assembly of two or more
tightly bonded atoms.
 Homoatomic molecules: Molecules of an 6. MOLE CONCEPT
element contain one type of atoms. eg. O 2, Cl2
etc.
22.4 litres at NTP One gram mole
Heteroatomic molecules: Molecules of or STP of a compound
compounds contain more that one type of atom.
eg. H2O, HCl etc 1 Mole Wt
, M V2
at. wt.
5.1 Atomic mass scale 6.023 10
23
One gram atom
Particles of an element
(A) Oxygen as standard: The standard reference
for atomic weight may be oxygen with an
assigned value of 16. IMPORTANT :
Atomic weight of an element = 1 mole = 6.023 1023 particles
1 mole atoms = 6.023 10 23 atoms
Weight of 1 atom of element One mole molecule = 6.023 1023 molecules
1/ 16 Weight of 1 atom of oxygen Mass of one mole of atoms
= Gram atomic mass
(B) Carbon as standard: The modern reference
Mass of one mole of molecules
standard for atomic weight is carbon isotope
of mass number 12. = Gram molecular mass
Moles of a compound = Mass of compound
Atomic weight of an element =
Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at
Weight of 1 atom of the element N.T.P = 22.4 litres.
Examples
1/ 12 Weight of 1 atom of C 12 based on Mole Concept
Ex.1 Calculate the number of molecules of sulphur
dioxide in 0.064 g of the gas
IMPORTANT POINTS
Sol. Gram molecular weight of sulphur dioxide
(1) Atomic weight is not a weight but a number. (SO2) = 64gm
(2) Atomic weight is not absolute but relative to Given mass = 0.064 gm
the weight of the standard reference element A gram molecular weight of any gas contain
C-12. avogadro number of molecules
5.2 Molecular weight = 6.023 1023
0.064 g of sulphur dioxide contain
It is the number of times a molecule is heavier
than 1/12th of an atom of C 12. 6.023 10 23
20
1000 molecules = 6.023 10

Weight of 1 molecule
Molecular weight = 1/ 12 Weight of one C 12
Ex.2 Which of the following contains the least
number of molecules -
IMPORTANT POINTS (A) 16g of CO2
(B) 8g of O2
1. Molecular weight is not a weight but a number.
(C) 4g of N2
2. Molecular weight is relative and not absolute.
(D) 2g of H2
3. Molecular weight expressed in grams is called
Sol. [C]
gram molecular weight.
Weight
4. Molecular weight is calculated by adding all (1) No. of moles of CO2 =
the atomic weights of all the atoms in a Molecular weight
molecule. 16
= = 0.36
Example: CO2 = 12 + 2 16 = 44 44
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 3
 8 7. CHEMICAL FORMULAS
(2) Number of moles of O2 = = 0.25
32
It is of two types.
4
(3) Number of moles of N2 = = 0.14 [A] Molecular formulae: Chemical formulae that
28
indicate the actual numbers and type of
2
(4) Number of moles of H2 = = 1 atoms in a molecule are called molecular
2
formulae.
Ex.3 Atomic weight of helium is 4. Calculate the [B] Empirical formulae: The chemical formulae
number of atoms in 1g of helium. that give only the relative number of atoms of
Sol. 4g of Helium contains 6.023 10 23 atoms each type in a molecule are called empirical
6.023 10 23 formulae.
1g of Helium contains
4
= 1.506 1023 atoms 7.1 Determination of chemical formulae
Ex.4 What is the mass of 1 molecule of CO -
[A] Determination of empirical formulae :
Sol. Gram molecular weight of CO = 12 + 16
= 28g Step - I : Determination of percentage
6.023 1023 molecules of CO weighs 28gm
Step - II : Determination of mole ratio
1 molecule of CO weighs
28 Step - III : Making it whole number ratio
= 23 = 4.65 1023 g
6.02 10
Step - IV : Removal of fractions from mole ratio

Ex.5 Calculate the volume at STP occupied by [B] Determination of molecular formulae
240gm of SO2
(i) First of all find empirical formulae
Sol. Molecular weight of SO 2 = 32 + 2 16 = 64
64 gm of SO2 occupies 22.4 litre at STP (ii) Molecular formulae = (Empirical formulae) n
22.4
240 gm of SO2 occupies = 240 = 84 where n = Molecular weight
64
litre at STP Empirical formula weight
Ex.6 Calculate the number of atoms in each of the Examples
Chemical Formulas
following: based on

(a) 52 mole of He Ex.7 Phosgene, a poisonous gas used during

(b) 52 amu
World war-I, contains 12.1% C, 16.2% O
(c) 52 g of He
and 71.7% Cl by mass. What is the empirical
Sol. (a) 1mole of He contain 6.02 10 23 atoms
formula of phosgene?
52 mole of He contain
= 52 6.02 1023 = 31.3 1024 atoms Sol. Element % Mole ratio Simplest
mole ratio
(b) Atomic weight of He = 4amu
12.1 101
.
52 C 12.1 = 1.01 =1
52 amu of He contain = 12 101
.
4
= 13 atoms of He 16.2 101
.
(c) Number of moles of He in 52g O 16.2 = 1.01 =1
16 101
.
52
= = 13 moles 717
. 2.02
4 Cl 71.7 = 2.02 = 2
35.5 101
.
no. of atoms in 52g of He i.e. 13 moles
= 13 6.02 1023 atoms
= 78.26 1023 atoms Then empirical formula = COCl 2

4 CHEMISTRY
Ex.8 5.325g sample of methyl benzoate, a compound
5.93 5.93
used in the manufacture of perfumes is found = 5.93 =4
to contain 3.758 g of carbon, 0.316g hydrogen 1 147
.
and 1.251g of oxygen. What is empirical
formulae, of compound. If mol. weight of methyl 1251
. x 100
O = 23.50
benzoate is 136.0, calculate its molecular 5.325
formula. 23.50 147
.
Sol. Element % Mole ratio Simplest = 1.47 =1
16 147
.
whole ratio
3.758 x 100 Empirical = C4H4O
C = 70.57
5.325
Mol. wt 136
70.57 5.88 n = =
= 5.88 =4 Empirical formula wt. 68
12 147
.
=2
0.316 x 100
H = 5.93 Molecular formula = C8H8O2
5.325
1 mole C 2 H 4 requires 3 mol O 2 for
8. CHEMICAL EQUATION combustion
Representation of the chemical change in terms 1 1 3
of symbol and formulae of the reactants & mole C2H4 requires 3 mole O2 =
products is called a chemical equation. 2 2 2
8.1 Information conveyed by a chemical equation 3
mol O2. & Mass of O2 = 32 = 48 gm
(1) Qualitatively , a chemical equation tells us 2
the names of the various reactants Ex.10 Calculate the weight and volume of H 2 at
(2) Quantitatively , it express STP that will be displaced by 1 gram of Zn
(a) The relative no. of molecules of reactants when it is completely dissolved in dilute
and products sulphuric acid.
(b) The relative no. of moles of reactant and Sol. Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
products
1 atom 1 molecule 1 molecule 1 molecule
(c) The relative masses of reactants and products
(d) The relative volumes of gaseous reactants 1 gram-atom 1 mole
and products 65.4 g 2 gm or 22.4 dm 3
8.2 Limitations of chemical equations 65.4 g of Zn displaces 2g of Hydrogen
(1) The physical state of the reactants and 2
1.0 g of Zn displaces 1
products 65.4
(2) The dilution of solution of reactants and = 0.0306 g of H2
products are in soluble state 65.4 g of Zn displaces 22.4 dm 3 of H2 at
(3) The energy changes during chemical reaction S.T.P.
(4) The conditions of P, T etc at which reaction 22.4
occurs. 1.0 g of Zn displaces 1.0
(5) The rate of chemical reaction 65.4
= 0.3425 dm 3
8.3 Limiting reagent Ex.11 10 ml of liquid carbon disulphide (sp. gravity
It may be defined as the reactant which is 2.63) is burnt in oxygen. Find the volume of
completely consumed during the reaction is called the resulting gases measured at STP.
limiting reagent-
Sol. 1 ml of CS2 Weighs 2.63 g
Example : 2H2(g) + O2 (g) 2H2O
10 ml of CS2 weighs 26.3 g
Here H2 is known as limiting reagent.
CS2 + 3O2 CO2 + 2SO2
Examples
based on Chemical Equation 12 + (2 32) 22.4 44.8
Ex.9 Calculate the mass of oxygen required to 76 gm 67.2.
burn 14g C2H4 completely- 76g of CS2 will yield 67.2 l of a mixture of
Sol. C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O CO2 and SO2 at STP
Mole ratio 1 3 2 4 67.2
26.3 g of CS2 would yield 26.3
14 1 76
Moles of C2H4 to be burnt = = mole.
28 2 = 23.26 lit.
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 5
 SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex.1 8 litre of H 2 and 6 litre of Cl2 are allowed to Ex.5 In 5g atom of Ag (at. wt. = 108), calculate
react to maximum possible extent. Find out the no. of atoms of Ag -
the final volume of reaction mixture. Suppose (A) 1 N (B) 3N
P and T remains constant throughout the (C) 5N (D) 7 N.
course of reaction -
Sol. (C)
(A) 7 litre (B) 14 litre
1 gm atom of Ag has atoms = N
(C) 2 litre (D) None of these.
5 gm atom of Ag has atoms = 5N.
Sol. (B)
H2 + Cl2 2 HCl
Ex.6 Calculate the mass in gm of 2N molecules of
Volume before reaction 8 lit 6 lit 0 CO2 -
Volume after reaction 2 0 12 (A) 22 gm (B) 44 gm
Volume after reaction (C) 88 gm (D) None of these.
= Volume of H2 left + Volume of HCl formed Sol. (C)
= 2 + 12 = 14 lit N molecules of CO2 has molecular mass
= 44.
Ex.2 Naturally occurring chlorine is 75.53% Cl 35
which has an atomic mass of 34.969 amu 2N molecules of CO2 has molecular mass
and 24.47% Cl37 which has a mass of 36.966
amu. Calculate the average atomic mass of = 44 x 2 = 88 gm.
chlorine-
(A) 35.5 amu (B) 36.5 amu Ex.7 How many carbon atoms are present in 0.35
(C) 71 amu (D) 72 amu mol of C6H12O6 -
Sol. (A)
(A) 6.023 1023 carbon atoms
Average atomic mass
% of I isotope its atomic mass (B) 1.26 1023 carbon atoms
= % of II isotope its atomic mass (C) 1.26 1024 carbon atoms
100
75.53 x 34.969 24.47 x 36.96 (D) 6.023 1024 carbon atoms
=
100 Sol. (C)
= 35.5 amu.
1 mol of C6H12O6 has = 6 N atoms of C
Ex.3 Calculate the mass in gm of 2g atom of Mg- 0.35 mol of C6H12O6 has
(A) 12 gm (B) 24 gm
= 6 0.35 N atoms of C
(C) 6 gm (D) None of these.
Sol. (D) = 2.1 N atoms
1 gm atom of Mg has mass = 24 gm = 2.1 6.023 10 23 = 1.26 1024 carbon
2 gm atom of Mg has mass atoms
= 24 x 2 = 48 gm.
Ex.8 How many molecules are in 5.23 gm of
Ex.4 In 5 g atom of Ag (At. wt. of Ag = 108), glucose (C6H12O6) -
calculate the weight of one atom of Ag - (A) 1.65 1022 (B) 1.75 1022
(A) 17.93 1023gm (B) 16.93 1023 gm
(C) 1.75 1021 (D) None of these
(C) 17.93 10 gm (D) 36 1023 gm
23
Sol. (B)
Sol. (A)
180 gm glucose has = N molecules
N atoms of Ag weigh 108 gm
108 5.23 6.023 10 23
1 atom of Ag weigh = 5.23 gm glucose has =
N 180
108 = 1.75 1022 molecules
=
6.023 x 10 23
= 17.93 1023 gm.
6 CHEMISTRY
Ex.9 What is the weight of 3.01 1023 molecules Ex.13 An atom of an element weighs 6.644 1023
of ammonia? g. Calculate g atoms of element in 40 kg.
(A) 17 gm (B) 8.5 gm (A) 10 gm atom (B) 100 gm atom
(C) 34 gm (D) None of these
(C) 1000 gm atom (D) 104 gm atom
Sol. (B)
6.023 1023 molecules of NH3 has weight Sol. (C)
= 17 gm weight of 1 atom of element
3.01 1023 molecules of NH3 has weight = 6.644 1023 gm

17 3.01 10 23 weight of 'N' atoms of element

= = 6.644 1023 6.023 1023 = 40 gm
6.023 10 23
= 8.50 gm 40 gm of element has 1 gm atom.

40 10 3
Ex.10 How many significant figures are in each of 40 x 103 gm of element has
the following numbers - 40
(a) 4.003 (b) 6.023 1023 (c) 5000 = 103 gm atom.
(A) 3, 4, 1 (B) 4, 3, 2
(C) 4, 4, 4 (D) 3, 4, 3 Ex.14 Calculate the number of Cl and Ca+2 ions in
Sol. (C) 222 g anhydrous CaCl2 -
(A) 2N ions of Ca+2 4 N ions of Cl
Ex.11 How many molecules are present in one ml
(B) 2N ions of Cl & 4N ions of Ca+2
of water vapours at STP?
(A) 1.69 1019 (B) 2.69 1019 (C) 1N ions of Ca+2 & 1N ions of Cl

(C) 1.69 1019 (D) 2.69 1019 (D) None of these.

Sol. (D) Sol. (A)
22.4 litre water vapour at STP has mol. wt. of CaCl2 = 111 g
23
= 6.023 10 molecules 111 g CaCl2 has = N ions of Ca+2
1 103 litre water vapours at STP has
N 222
222g of CaCl2 has
6.023 10 23 111
= 103 = 2.69 10+19
22.4 = 2N ions of Ca+2
Also 111 g CaCl2 has = 2N ions of Cl
Ex.12 How many years it would take to spend
Avogadro's number of rupees at the rate of 1 2N 222
222 g CaCl2 has = ions of Cl
million rupees in one second - 111
(A) 19.098 1019 years = 4N ions of Cl .
(B) 19.098 years
(C) 19.098 109 years Ex.15 The density of O2 at NTP is 1.429g / litre.
(D) None of these Calculate the standard molar volume of gas-
Sol. (C)
(A) 22.4 lit. (B) 11.2 lit
106 rupees are spent in 1sec.
(C) 33.6 lit (D) 5.6 lit.
6.023 1023 rupees are spent in
Sol. (A)
1 6.023 10 23
= sec 1.429 gm of O2 gas occupies volume
10 6
= 1 litre.
23
1 6.023 10 32
= 6 years 32 gm of O2 gas occupies =
10 60 60 24 365 1429
.
= 19.098 109 year = 22.4 litre/mol.
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 7
Ex.16 Which of the following will weigh maximum 200 kg impure sample has pure CaCO 3
amount-
95 200
(A) 40 g iron = = 190 kg.
100
(B) 1.2 g atom of N
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
(C) 1 1023 atoms of carbon
(D) 1.12 litre of O 2 at STP 100 kg CaCO3 gives CaO = 56 kg.
Sol. (A) 56 190
190 kg CaCO3 gives CaO =
(A) Mass of iron = 40 g 100
(B) Mass of 1.2 g atom of = 106.4 kg.
N = 14 1.2 = 16.8 gm
(D) Mass of 1 1023 atoms of C Ex.19 The chloride of a metal has the formula MCl3.
The formula of its phosphate will be-
12 1 10 23
= = 1.99 gm. (A) M2PO 4 (B) MPO 4
6.023 10 23
(C) M3PO 4 (D) M(PO4)2
(D) Mass of 1.12 litre of O 2 at STP
Sol. (B) AlCl3 as it is AlPO 4
32 1.2
= = 1.6 g
22 .4
Ex.20 A silver coin weighing 11.34 g was dissolved
in nitric acid. When sodium chloride was
Ex.17 How many moles of potassium chlorate to added to the solution all the silver (present
be heated to produce 11.2 litre oxygen - as AgNO3) was precipitated as silver chloride.
1 1 The weight of the precipitated silver chloride
(A) mol (B) mol
2 3 was 14.35 g. Calculate the percentage of
1 2 silver in the coin -
(C) mol (D) mol.
4 3 (A) 4.8 % (B) 95.2%
Sol. (B) (C) 90 % (D) 80%
2 KClO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 Sol. (B)
Mole for reaction 2 2 3 Ag + 2HNO3 AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O
3 22.4 litre O 2 is formed by 2 mol KClO 3 108
2 11 .2 AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO 3
11.2 litre O 2 is formed by
3 22 .4 143.5
1 143.5 gm of silver chloride would be
= mol KClO 3
3 precipitated by 108 g of silver.
or 14.35 g of silver chloride would be precipitated
Ex.18 Calculate the weight of lime (CaO) obtained
by heating 200 kg of 95% pure lime stone 10.8 g of silver.
(CaCO3). 11.34 g of silver coin contain 10.8 g of pure
(A) 104.4 kg (B) 105.4 kg silver.
(C) 212.8 kg (D) 106.4 kg
Sol. (D) 10.8
100 g of silver coin contain 100
100 kg impure sample has pure 1134
.
CaCO3 = 95 kg = 95.2 %.

8 CHEMISTRY
 LEVEL # 1

Determination of Number of Q.8 One atom of an element X weighs 6.664 1023

Questions
based on Different Types of Particles gm. The number of gram atoms in 40 kg of it
is -
(A) 10 (B) 100
Q.1 Mass of 1 atom of Hydrogen is - (C) 10000 (D) 1000
(A) 1.66 1024 g (B) 1022 g
(C) 1023 g (D) 1025 g Q.9 The number of oxygen atoms present in 14.6 g
of magnesium bicarbonate [Mg(HCO 3)2] is
Q.2 Which of the following contains the largest
(A) 6NA (B) 0.6NA
number of atoms -
(C) NA (D) 0.5 NA
(A) 11g of CO2 (B) 4g of H2
(C) 5g of NH3 (D) 8g of SO2
Q.10 One mole of P4 molecules contains -
Q.3 Four containers of 2L capacity contains (A) 1 molecule
dinitrogen as described below. Which one (B) 4 molecules
contains maximum number of molecules (C) 1/4 6.022 1023 atoms
under similar conditions. (D) 24.088 1023 atoms
(A) 2.5 gm-molecules of N 2
(B) 4 gm-atom of nitrogen Q.11 The total number of protons , electrons and
(C) 3.01 1024 N atoms neutrons in 12gm of 6C12 is -
(D) 84 gm of dinitrogen (A) 1.084 1025
(B) 6.022 1023
Q.4 What is correct for 10 g of CaCO3 - (C) 6.022 1022
(A) It contains 1g-atom of carbon (D) 18
(B) It contains 0.3 g-atoms of oxygen
(C) It contains 12 g of calcium Q.12 The number of sodium atoms in 2 moles of
sodium ferrocyanide Na4[Fe(CN)6], is-
(D) None of these
(A) 2
Q.5 The total number of electrons present in 18 (B) 6.023 1023
mL water (density 1 g/mL) is - (C) 8 6.02 1023
(A) 6.023 1023 (B) 6.023 1024 (D) 4 6.02 1023
(C) 6.023 1025 (D) 6.023 1021
Q.13 Out of 1.0 g dioxygen, 1.0 g (atomic) oxygen
Q.6 4.0 g of caustic soda (mol mass 40) contains and 1.0 g of ozone, the maximum number of
same number of sodium ions as are present oxygen atoms are contained in -
in- (A) 1.0 g of atomic oxygen.
(A) 10.6 g of Na2CO3 (mol. mass 106) (B) 1.0 g of ozone.
(B) 58.5 g of NaCl (Formula mass 58.5) (C) 1.0 g of oxygen gas.
(C) 100 ml of 0.5 M Na2SO4 (Formula mass 142) (D) All contain same number of atoms.
(D) 1mol of NaNO3 (mol. mass 85)
Q.7 No. of oxalic acid molecules in 100 ml of Q.14 Number of Ca+2 and Cl ion in 111 g of
0.02 N oxalic acid is - anhydrous CaCl2 are -
(A) 6.023 1020 (A) NA, 2NA
(B) 6.023 1021 (B) 2NA, NA
(C) 6.023 1022 (C) NA, NA
(D) 6.023 1023 (D) None
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 9
 Q.24 The density of air is 0.001293 gm/ml at S.T.P.
Questions Vapour Density, Number of Moles Its vapour density is -
based on and NTP & STP (A) 143 (B) 14.3
(C) 1.43 (D) 0.143
Q.15 2 moles of H2 at NTP occupy a volume of
(A) 11.2 litre (B) 44.8 litre
(C) 2 litre (D) 22.4 litre Questions Percentage and Weight Based
based on Calculation
Q.16 4.48 litres of methane at N.T.P. correspond
to- Q.25 The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about-
(A) 1.2 x 1022 molecules of methane (A) 38.4 (B) 46.6
(B) 0.5 mole of methane
(C) 59.1 (D) 61.3
(C) 3.2 gm of methane
(D) 0.1 mole of methane
Q.26 The mass of carbon present in 0.5 mole of
K4[Fe(CN)6] is -
Q.17 The weight of a substance that displaces
22.4 litre air at NTP is - (A) 1.8 gm (B) 18 gm
(A) Mol. wt. (B) At. wt. (C) 3.6 gm (D) 36 gm
(C) Eq. wt. (D) all
Q.27 1.2 gm of Mg (At. mass 24) will produce
Q.18 Mol. wt. = vapour density 2, is valid for - MgO equal to -
(A) metals (B) non metals (A) 0.05 mol (B) 40 gm
(C) solids (D) gases (C) 40 mg (D) 4 gm

Q.19 5.6 litre of a gas at N.T.P. weighs equal to Q.28 Insulin contains 3.4% sulphur by mass.
8 gm the vapour density of gas is - What will be the minimum molecular weight
of insulin -
(A) 32 (B) 16
(A) 94.117 (B) 1884
(C) 8 (D) 40.
(C) 941 (D) 976

Q.20 The maximum volume at N.T.P. is occupied Q.29 The percent of N in 66% pure (NH4)2 SO4
by- sample is -
(A) 32 (B) 28
(A) 12.8 gm of SO 2
(C) 14 (D) None of these
(B) 6.02 x 1022 molecules of CH4
(C) 0.5 mol of NO2 Q.30 The chloride of a metal contains 71% chlorine
(D) 1 gm-molecule of CO 2 by weight and the vapour density of it is 50.
The atomic weight of the metal will be -
(A) 29 (B) 58
Q.21 Equal masses of O 2 , H2 and CH4 are taken
(C) 35.5 (D) 71
in a container. The respective mole ratio of
these gases in container is - Q.31 The haemoglobin of most mammals contains
(A) 1 : 16 : 2 (B) 16 : 1 : 2 approximately 0.33% of iron by mass. The
(C) 1 : 2 : 16 (D) 16 : 2 : 1 molecular mass of haemoglobin is 67200. The
number of iron atoms in each molecule of
Q.22 Number of moles of water in 488 gm of haemoglobin is-
BaCl2.2H2O are - (Ba = 137) (A) 3 (B) 4
(A) 2 moles (B) 4 moles (C) 2 (D) 6
(C) 3 moles (D) 5 moles
Q.32 A compound was found to contain 5.37%
Q.23 16 gm of SOx occupies 5.6 litre at STP. nitrogen by mass. What is the minimum
Assuming ideal gas nature, the value of x is - molecular weight of compound-
(A) 1 (B) 2 (A) 26.07 (B) 2.607
(C) 3 (D) None of these (C) 260.7 (D) None
10 CHEMISTRY