PETE 411

Well Drilling

Lesson 26
* Well Control *
* Variable Geometry *

1
 Well Control-Variable Geometry

Initial Shut-In Conditions

Drillers Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface
Wait and Weight Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface

2
 Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch. 4

HW #14: Drillers Method - due 11-11-02

HW #15: W&W Method - due 11-15-02

Quiz B
Thursday, Nov. 14, 7 - 9 p.m. Rm. 101
Closed Book
1 Equation sheet allowed, 8 1/2x 11 (both sides)

3
 Example Problem

1. Determine the pressure at the casing seat

at 4,000 when using the old mud
(Drillers) versus using the kill mud
(Wait and Weight) to circulate a gas
kick out of the hole.
2. Determine the casing pressure at the
surface when the top of the gas
bubble has just reached the surface,
for the same two mud weights used
above.
4
 Example Problem

Well depth = 10,000

Hole size = 10.5
Drill pipe = 4.5, 16.60 #/ft
Drill Collars = 8 * 3.5 * 500 ft
Surface casing = 4,000, 13-3/8, 68 #/ft
Mud Weight = 10 ppg

Fracture gradient @ 4,000 = 0.7 psi/ft

5
 Example Problem

Shut in Annulus Pressure, SICP = 400 psi

Shut in Drillpipe Pressure, SIDPP = 200 psi
Pit level increase = 20 barrels (kick size)

Drop the Z terms but consider Temperature

T at surface = 70 deg. F
Temperature gradient = 1.2 deg.F/100 ft

6
Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:

SIDPP 200 psi

SICP 400 psi
Pit Level Increase 20 bbl
Initial Mud Weight 10 # /gal

Initial mud gradient = 0.520 psi/ft

(0.052 * 10 = 0.520)
7
 Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:

Bottom Hole Pressure,

psi
P10,000 200 (10,000 ft ) * (0.520 ) 5,400 psi
ft

Annular Vol/ft outside Drill Collars,

gal bbl
vDC_Ann (10.5 8 ) in (12 in)
2 2 2

2

4 231in 42 gal
VDC_Ann 0.04493 bbl/ft
( 20.28 ft/bbl )
8
 vdp.csg = 0.13006 bbl/ft

4,000

vdp,hole = 0.08743 bbl/ft

9,500
vdc,hole = 0.04493 bbl/ft

10,000
9
Height of Kick Fluid,
20 bbl
h10,000 445 ft
0.04493 bbl/ft
Hydrostatics in the Annulus,
5,400 400 0.520 * 9,555 Pkick_10,00 0

Hydrostatic Pressure across Kick Fluid,

Pkick_10,000 5,400 400 0.520 * 9,555

Pkick_10,000 31. 4 psi

10
 Drillers Method - kick at bottom

BHP P0 PK0 PMA - - - (2)

Weight of Kick Fluid Pressure * area

lb
31.4 2 * (10.5 8 ) in
2 2 2

in 4

W 1,141 lb
F = P * A = W
11
SICP = 400 psi SIDPP = 200 psi

4,000
9,555

9,500
31.4
445 psi
10,000
PB = P 10,000 = 5,400 psi
12
 Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

What is the pressure at 4,000 ft when the

top of the kick fluid first reaches that point?
P10,000 T4,000
V4,000 V10,000 * *
T


P4,000 10,000
5,400 70 48 460
0.08743 * h4,000 20 * *

P
4,000 650
1,098,444
h4,000
P4,000
13
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at 4,000
Casing
Seat
9,500

10,000
P = 5,400 psi 14
 Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

Again,

BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PMA

weight 1,141 lbs

PK_4,000
area
4

10.5 2 4.5 2 in

P K_4,000 = 16.1 psi

15
 Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PMA

5,400 P4,000 16 0.52 * (6,000 h4,000 )

5,384 P4,000 3,120 0.52 * h4,000

1,098,444
2,264 P4,000 (0.52) *

P4,000
16
 Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat

This results in the quadratic Eqn:

P 2
4,000 2,264 P4,000 571,191 0

With the solutions:

P4,000

2,264 2,264 4 * 571,191
2
0.5

2
P4,000 2,493 psi 0.6233 psi/ft 0.7
17
Drillers Method - Top of Kick at Casing Seat

P0,ann = ?

P4,000 = 2,493 psi

4,000
h4,000 = 441 ft
P = 16 psi
9,500
1,098,444
10,000 h4,000
P4,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
18
 P0 = ?
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at 4,000
Surface

9,500
We need two
equations
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi 19
 Drillers Method - kick at surface

When the bubble rises, it expands. The

volume of the bubble at the surface is given by:

P10,000 T0
V0 V10,000 (Z = const.)
T
P0 10,000
5400 70 460
(0.13006) h0 20
P0 70 120 460
677,084
h0 - - - (1)
Po
20
 Drillers Method - kick at surface

weight 1,141 lb
PK,0
area
4

12.415 4.5 in
2 2 2

PK0 10.85 11 psi

21
 Drillers Method - kick at surface

From Eq. (2), BHP P0 PK0 PMA

5,400 P0 11 0.52 * (10,000 h0 )

677,084
But, from Eq. (1), h0
P0

22
 Drillers Method - kick at surface
BHP P0 PK0 PMA
So,
677,084
5,400 P0 11 0.52 10,000
P0
5,400 5,200 11 P0 P0 352,084
2

P0 189 P0 352,084 0
2

Quadratic equation . . .
23
 Drillers Method - kick at surface

1
189 1892 ( 4)(352,084) 2
P0
2
P0 695.34 psi 695 psi
4,000
677,084
h0 973.74
695.34
9,500

h0 974 ft 10,000

24
 Drillers Method - kick at surface

P4,000 P0 0.52 * (4,000 974) PKO

695 1,574 11
2,280 psi ( = 0.57 psi/ft )

Alternativ ely, 4,000

P4,000 P10,000 (0.52) * (10,000 4,000)

5,400 - 3,120 9,500

2,280 psi 10,000

25
Drillers Method. Top of Kick at Surface
P0,ann = 695 psi

h0 = 974 ft
PK,0 = 11 psi
4,000 P 4,000 = 2,280 psi

9,500

10,000 P10,000 = ?
26
 Wait and Weight Method
- kick at casing seat

Calculate the pressure at 4,000 ft when the

top of the bubble reaches this point.

Volume of bubble at 4,000 ft

P10,000 T4,000
V4,000 V10,000
P T
4,000 10,000
27
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of 4,000

Kick at
Casing
9,500
Seat
Old Mud 10,000
Kill Mud BHP = 5,400 psi
28
W&W - Pressure at top of kick at 4,000 ft

P10,000 T4,000
V4,000 V10,000
P T
4,000 10,000
5,400 578
(0.08743) h4,000 20

P
4,000 650
1,098,444
h4,000 - - - (6)
P4,000
Also,
BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PM PM1 - - - (7)
29
 Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface
4,000

Capacity inside drill string 9,500

10,000
= DP_cap. + DC_cap. BHP = 5,400 psi

bbl bbl
0.01422 * 9,500 ft 0.0119 * 500 ft
ft ft
141 bbl
#
Quantity of 10.0 mud below the bubble.
gal
30
 W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft

As before, PK_4,000 16 psi

141bbl
PM 0.052 * 10 *
0.08743 bbl/ft
PM 839 psi
SIDPP
Density of Kill Mud Old Mud Wt.
0.052 * 10,000
#
KWM 10.00 0.38 10.38
gal 31
 W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft

141
PM1 0.052 * 10.38 * 6,000 h4,000
0.08743

BHP P4,000 PK_4,000 PM PM1

5,400 P4,000 16 839 2,368 (0.5398) h4,000

32
 W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft

1,098,444
2,177 P4 000 (0.5398)

P4,000

P4,000
2
2,177 P4,000 592,940 0

P4,000

2,177 2,177 4 * 592,940
2
0 ,5

2
P4,000 2,422 psi 0.61 psi/ft
33
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of 4,000
Kick at
Surface
9,500
Old Mud

Kill Mud 10,000

34
 Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface

Volume of gas bubble at surface:

P10,000 T0
V0 V10,000
T
P0 10,000

5,400 530
0.13006 * h0 20
P0 650
677,084
h0
P0
35
 Wait and Weight Method
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface

P10,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1

As before, PK,0 11 psi

Assume all 10 lb/gal mud is inside the

13 3/8 csg. Then the height of 10 lb mud:

141.0 bbl
hM 1,084 ft
0.13006 bbl/ft
36
 Wait and Weight Method
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface

Hydrostatic head across the mud columns:

Old Mud:
PM 0.052 * 10 * 1,084 564 psi

Kill Mud:
PM1 0.052 * 10.38 * (10,000 h0 1,084)
37
 Hydrostatics in Annulus
W&W Method - kick at surface

P10,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1

5,400 P0 11 564 0.5398 * (8,916 h0 )

12.14 P0 (0.5398) h0

38
 Wait and Weight Method
kick at surface

From Eq. 4, substituting for h0

677,084
12 P0 (0.5398)
P0
P02 12P0 365,490 0

1
12 122 4 * 365,490 2
P0
2

P0 610.59 611 psi

39
 Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface

Height of Bubble at Surface

677,084 677,084
h0
P0 610.59

1,109 ft

40
 Check Pressure at 4,000 ft
- kick at surface

P4,000 P0 PK0 PM PM1

611 11 569
0.052 * 10.38 * (4,000 - 1,109 - 1,093)

2,161 psi 0.54 psi/ft

Looks OK
41
 Wait and Weight Method
Top of Kick at Surface
Old Mud P0,ann = 611 psi
Kill Mud
h0 = 1,109 ft
PK,0 = 11 psi

4,000 POld Mud = 569 psi

P 4,000 = 2,161 psi

9,500

10,000 P10,000 = ?
42
Summary Bubble at 10,000 ft

Drillers Engineers
Method Method

P4,000 2,480 2,480

P0 400 400

43
Summary Top of Bubble at 4,000 ft

Drillers Engineers
Method Method

P4,000 2,493 2,422

P0 413 342

44
Summary Top of Bubble at surface

Drillers Engineers
Method Method

P4,000 2,280 2,161

P0 695 611

45
46
Why the difference?

47
 Wait and Weight Method

Kick Intensity, ppg 48

Kick Intensity, ppg

Pump Strokes 49
Volume of Mud Pumped, bbl 50