APPROVED BY. J-S-VASANE DESIGN MANUAL FOR HDO MIXER PREPARED BY. N-D-SHAHPage + 3 Shaft dia Drg. No. Est. wt. Te cm kee 7 sT-4-2511 13.6 P2us 15 st-4-2514 an PRLS 8 " 20.5 . 8.5 - 19 = ' 9 sT-4=2539 29 PLAS 10 ST-4-2540 38 P54 a . 37 : 12.5 ST-4-2542 ue P74, Uy ST=4-2543 48 P84 IMPELLER BLADES + Read thickness from charts XVIII to XX witw rame ¥ SELECTION OF REDUCERS + Selection of reducers is governed by following 3 criterias 1. Gear capacity or torque rating of Gears. 2. Maximum allowable shaft gtress, Ss. 3+ Max. allowable bearing moment, B,.Db ™e reducer catalogues are giving selection tables on the basis of HP, Hence convert HP into KW, Use following service factors (SF) Blending only 1.25 (on O.1 - 0.5 Pass) Solids suspension £352 = kx¥5.1.5 (OR M= 0,1-0.5 Pa. . . 735%) - 1475 (OR H>0.5 Pas) STEP 1 3 For required service factor, select reducer {ver tice tiprer type) from Tables I, II or IIT RADICON Data) for given motor KW and impeller speed, These tables donot include the ratio of 12,511 and 3511 as they are not anufactured regularly, For 14:" reducer, only ratios of 10si, 10s1, 3031, 4Orl; 50s1 & 6011. (For 128 rpm, use 960 rpm motor. All others require 1440 rpm motor). ekSTEP STEP NOTE Page + 4 Alternately select reducer from table IV for given vertical shaft diameter. This is based on allowable shaft stress of RADICON. For given P/N, draw a line vertically up on chert XV, XVI or XVII depending upon required service factor, until it meets calculate h/D. Draw a horizontal line from this point until it meets a vertical line drawn for given N. This gives required size of reducer to meet the requirement of bearing load. Select the largest reducer from above 3 steps. If RADICON reducers are not available for any reason, other makes can be accepted only if following information is available :- 1. Max, allowable shaft stress in 1be/sq. in or max. allowable bending moment shaft can take. 2. Max. allowable bearing load in tons and distance between bearings. Please consult Technology in such case.MECHANICAL DESIGN OF HDO AGITATORS From process design following information should be available 1- (1) Power Requirement (P) in KW (2) Turbine or impelicrs dia (D) in Metres. (3) Impeller Speed (N) in rpm This along with shaft overhang (h) helps to decide on vertical shaft diameter, Use following guidelines to select C Blending Operation -.C = D Solids Suspension.. C = yon- ¥2o (Consult Marketing to decide) Wy Use following sizes of structural members for calculations. Tank dia T Qhannel size in Metres Isac ,O " “I covosoe o oF 0; or (OE oz ey Ledeo co 40 $0,720, FO 10 rpsoso1oso so. 0, co. © I ae HN) Soe one ACH LHD ‘WwiiN3a14NOo> +017 y3ANO-YYOO NVISNONIH seerasgov so $820, 60 FO 9 #080 4040 O. 70 7 z 16 005 00 “G17 B3ANTO-8YOO NVISNONIH TAK = LBVHO WILNaGI4NODne sla co 90 covosor 0 09 os sep gou0 go 40, 20, £0 fogos0 so 90°50, 70, f0.) 40 we : La FASE, bh € ox TAX = Lavo AWILN3QIANOD | +017 y3ANO-800 NVISNONH stisasCOMPUTATION OF TORQUE (N-M) FOR BLADE THICKNESS SELECTION (USE WITH CHARTS xvi " @ TO XX1) 18 v (TABLE: v3 37 NI id 192 37 75 sO ° 109 144 100 146 128 56 N2 164 36 199 398 584 29 247 494 724 PREP BY- NOSHimOUSTAN DORR-OUVER LTO CONFIOENTIAL cuaar xvi 2000 10900 900 300 700 600 $00 «00 300 200 Tg (umdtq (wm) CONFIDENTIAL CHART XIX HINQUSRN DORR-OLIVER LTO. 19000 ‘9000 8000 7000 6000 s000 4000. 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 500. 400 00 200 © metres itq. (Nam) 19000 HINOUSTAN OORR-OLIVER LIO. 9000 f 8000 7000 6000: 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 CONFIDENTIAL oO metres CHART XXBq (Nm) HINDUSTAN OORROLIVER U0. 3 CONFIDENTIAL D metres cuaar xxtOe Sten agg nck d. amay like “a. eeYnd Bi dodtog EB advices? ty ee Legon no Seaed Ea ask Se? i ' 4 ¥ BomBay ND. 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MIXERDESKGN MANUAL HRO_NLXERS : There are two basic catagories covered in this manual: 1, Batch Blending 2. Solids Suspension 1. BLENDING For blending following limitations will apply :- (4) Settling velocity of solids(u) < 0.6 m/min. (it) Suspended trace solids << 2% (44i)Specific Gravity Differmnce < 1 Moet of the Dorr-Oliver applications are for low viscosity fluids. Hence viscosity is assumed to be less than 0.25 pa.s (250 CPS). The fundamental dynamic response for blending is the bulk velocity (up). Bulk velocity when multiplied by tank cross sectional area (A) gives pumping capacity required to achieve desired blending. Hence selection of impeiler depends upon pumping capacity (Qb) requirement, All our agitators will be fitted with 4 blade 45° pitched Blade Turbine (PBT). Bulk velocity (uy) ranges from 2-20 m/min, But none of our application needs more than 12 m/min, tnless reaction time’too small. Ghemineer have established = 1 to 10 scale to cover this velocity range. But division of Cnemineer Scale is too elaborate and others have round it convenient to reduce the range to 3 or & scale: of agitation (SOA) as given below +HDoO Scale Mild Moderate Vigorous Violent CHEMINEER BLEND TIME( Second 5 Seale P= 0.1 Pass p= 0.25 Pas 2 300 - 600 600 - 1200 3 120 = 300 300 += 600 aes 60 - 180 180 - 420 9 < 60 60 - 120 It is further qualified as follows + MILD = VIGOROUS = Non-critical blending operation Storage or holding tanks Feed tanks. Ratio of maximum viscosity to minimum vistosity not to exceed 1041 for mixtures greater than 0.1 Pa, Difference in specific gravity of: components does not exceed 0,2 for mixtures less than 0.3 Pass. Fluid surface barely in motion. Adequate for most mixing applicatione. Make-up tanks Reaction tanke Blend tanks Ratio of maximum viscosity components to minimum viscosity components does not exceed 50:1 for mixtures greater than 0.1 Pace Difference in specific gravity of components does not exceed 0.4 for mixtures less than 0.3 Pa, Fluid surface in strong motion Critical mixing oporatign Reactiers= Most heat transfer > Vessels with feed-back control of pH or other process parameters. - Ratio of maximum viscosity component to minimum viscosity component does not exceed 50011 for any mixture. + Difference in specific gravity of componmats does not exceed 0.6 for mixture less than 0.3 Pass. ~ Fluid surface in rolling boil. VIOLENT = Special critical application. Notes Having selected scale of agitation (SOA) bulk velocity can be worked out as follows 1 Up = 2 $SOA + 0.5) m/min, a (1) It is assumed that all the applications are in turbulent range and flow is baffled, ‘The tank volume(V) for given retention time can be used for working out tank size. For a new tank normally square batch (height of liquid = tank diameter) is preferred, In case of existing tanks work out factor * K = Liquid BeLent}- If tank 4s square or tank diameter rectangukar, Tis replaced by Te, such that Te = 1.13 /Wx L Metres Where Wo= Width of tank in metres (2) L = Length of tank in metres.-4- ‘The design procedure as follows can be used : STEP 5 1 = Read T or Te from chart # I tor required volume (in cu.metres) and K. STEP 1 2 - Draw a horizontal iine until it meets ub Line at selected ub,Vertical leg reads ratio ub/T. STEP : 3 = Sxtend above vertical 1eg com. It will cut N lines. This gives range of | RPMs that can be used. Read value of he = g for different values of Ne ? STEP 1 4 = Work out D from X for given T or Te, Now ve have range of N & D combinations which can be used. ‘The Jowest rpm corresponds to lowest power requirement. But the blending operation needs certain min, torque, Hence read torq Ta(in N.m) from chart # IA for different combinations of N@ D. Compare this with Tq given in Chart # IIA and IIB, Select the combinations which give Tq higher than one read frosr chart # ITA or IIB, ‘The actual selection of N & D combinations is governed by cost consideration. Lower N corresponds to larger D. Thies means larger diameter of turbine, larger vertical shaft and heavier reduction gear box, though initial motor HP will be low. Select a combination vhich results into lowest power consumption from Power Tables (PT in Kw). vend2. -5- Following speeds are preferred + Tank Volume Speed _rpa Cu. metres < 20 128, 144, 192 > 20 } 48, 58, 72, 96 <200 } > 200 24, 29, 36. Check Reynolds No. NRe using following equation to make sure agitator {s working in turbulent range. NRo = 16.67 D* WN Sést/y (3) Waon D —-= Impeller diameter, metres N Impeller rpm Sogl = sp. gratity of mixture Bw = Viscosity in Pa.s Required NRe > 109, Ine factor f% from the Chart III and multiply PT read from Power Tables, ~ of viscous fluids, read viscosity correction Power tables are based on proximity factor C/D = 1 and warm gear efficiency = 0.75, This is adequate for blending operation. SOLIDS SUSPENSTON AIL problems vhich do not fall in blending will fall in solids sispension for slurry application-6- When concentration of solids Is high. The slurry may develop non-nevtonian properties and must be treated accordingly. Generally vhen solide are higher than 35%, the settling of solids is hindered and it leads towards solid bed, Before selecting an agitator a laboratory test becomes necessary. It is economical to dilute slurries to 35% solids, if Proceas allows as it reducee power requirement (see sketch below) + Soup BED ° 35 100 4 SoLrDs Te fundamental dynamic response for solids suspension e is speexgk ouperficial velocity(usv). Superficial velocity when multiplied by tank cross sectional area, gives pumping capacity required to achieve desired suspension. Hence lection of impeller depends upon pumping capaity (Qe) requirement. All our agitators will be fitted with 32° pitched bladed turbine (PBT). “Superficial velocity (uev) is a function of tling or terminal velocity of solids, The multiplying factory is called degree of suspension(DOS). Hence Usv = DOS x Settling Velocity(u)__™/™t™(s)"Ts. The degree of suspension ranges from low value vhen solid particles are incompletely suspended to high value when slurry is practically homogeneous, Differing solid suspension levels are shown in figures below 1~ (oa) : : 3:70 e ofev9l eee Unsettied Fillets on Particles swept Solids are Tank Bottom off vessel Bottom Homogenously ms ~ 2 Distributed pos = 1 Dos = 3 DOS « 6 They are explained below. 1, Complete motion on tank Bottom (DOS = 1). All particles off the bottom except heaviest are rolling around the tank bottom. 2, Complete off-bottom suspension (DOS = 3) All the particles are 100% suspended and all are moving up off the tank bottom, Surface liquid may be clear. Sufficient solids suspension uniform at least upto Y3rd of fluid batch weight. Hence suitable for slurry drav-off near bottom or through a atand pips,Complete uniformity (Dos = 6) - This means 97% to 98% suspension uniformity. Hence it is suitable fom slurry draw off by means of overflow. The height to which solids are suspended ie the criteria for d ign. It may be based on one or gore particles size fraction, where all Particles ef that size are completely off-bottom suspended to a certain height in taux. With mixtures of different settling velocities, each particle size fraction can be assigned a different specification of suspension. In the procedure that follows, we have used © concept of yertual tank diameter, It is not tual tank dian It 1 introduced to have approach to design common with BLENDING application, Tie has become neceseary to take into account the effect of height ratio . (FH) and impeller diameter on flow, Following precedure can be used for process desing + STEP 1 + Read settling velocity (u) from chart IV for slurries in water, For viscous laquids monograms from any handbook can be used, STEP Bt For desired degree of suspension (DOS), work out superficial velocity (uev) using equation (4). In most of the cases DOS is equal to either 3 or 6. As a thumb rule, use 3 for-9- Te table below giv min, BOS, if it ie larger ected before and Sgs (sp.gravity of solids) is min.2. than one »: 0-20% 20 = 30% 35% Free solide solids solids solids settling velocBty (Hindered (u) in m/min. settling) 6,00 7.80 0.6 4.00 5.20 0.9 3400 3.90 1.2 Zo 3e12 1.5 2,00 2.6 1.8 1.72 2.22 2.1 1.5 1.95 2.4 1.33 1.79 267 1.28 15 3.0 1,09 1.42 363 1,00 2.30 3.6 1.00 1.20 369 1,00 1a 42 1.00 1.04 45 1.00 1.00 4.8 1,00 1,00 Above 4,8 If settling velocity is less than 0.6 m/min., use ws 0.6. STEP13:For required volume of tank (v in cu.metres) read T virtual from chart # V for required M or given K.STEPS4 ¢ STEP 54 STEP 6 + STEP 7 + Draw a horizontal line until it meets USv line at selected usv, Vertical leg read Usv/T vertual, Extend above vertical leg down. It will will cut N lin ‘Tis gives range of rpm that can be used. Head value of x(x=p} for different values of N. . Work out impeller diameter D from X for given T or Te Now we have range of N & D combinations which can be used. The lowest rpm corresponds to lowest power requirement. Find out motor KW (PT) from power tables correcting the same for specific gravity of slurry, 32° pitched blade and proximity. If © = distance of impeller from tank bottom. Proximity = C/D = 13 or Y2 P = Power required (Brake) = Sgel x ET xKP x PT KW Where egel = Sp. gravity of slurry 2 200 5 + 200-5 See Sel Were S$ = % solids in slurry Ses > Sp. gravity of solids Sgl © Sp. gravity of liquids XT = Function of type of turbine = 1 for 45% Par = 0.679 for 32° PBT. kp = Promity tactor 1(S) Read from chart # VII.one Chart # VI is given only for guidance in tection oft (= x) ration If labowavory data is available, power requirement data can be checked by scale~ up from lab. results, Recommended X & C/D ad, t LD, Causticizer 0.25 - 0635 0.75 Dreg Mixers 0.3 = O% 0.5 Cenditioners 0.35 - O64 0633 Lime Preparation 0.3 = 0.35 0.33 Tank. Use 15° conical bottom, if grit is present.TANK CONFIGURATION 1. TANK := The tanks are sized on the basis of the retention time t. Select diaméters from following rationalised sizes, | HT, should be 0.6 to 0,7 T for min. power except in case of tanks 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 6000, 5500, 6000, then increattent of 1 meter. Tank volume = Feed flow x t most economical size is HT = T for circular tanks and WeLeHT for rectangular tanks, A free board of minimum 300 mm shall be added to HT. Height of tank is limited by shaft overhang and reducer shaft dia, Hence selection of drive governs the maximum possible depth of tank. Tanks bottoms with torrispherical dished end or a cone having "slope at exceeding 15° can be treated flat bottom tanks. we For covered tanks, proVide manhole and an erection opening or without hinged cover and vent. opening if required, 2. BAFFLES: In most mixing applications baffled flow is desirable (surface aerators are exception), The most common way of producing baffled flow pattern is to mount baffles equally spaced around the tank as shown in figure: C et fe a | Hy | + My be Z i ea F ~sseeo 1 FLAT (CONICAL) Bor TOM DISHED BoTTOm PLAN ole ae BeOptimum performance is obtained by using baffle width = 1/10 or 1/12th of tank dia. for viscosities we normally come across. We have adopted 4 baffles each 1/12 T wide as standard for circular tanks. In case of rectangular tanks, use Te instead of T, where Te = 1.13 x fWx L (equivalent dia) - - - - - - (31) In case of highly viscous fluids or non-New-tonian fluids, baffle width can be much less or baffles can be placed away from the tank wall as shown in figure above, Use directly welded baffles upto » = 0.5 Ra.s Wa he a T Waa Yas 2 3 0 5 2 No baffles are required for mixers with 2,2 kw drive and tank volume less than 3m°, The characteristics of baffled flow pattern is obtained by placing the mechanisum at an angular off-centre position. In rectangular tanks, the shape itself provides the baffling action at low power levels. For square tanks smaller than 3 m square or where tank depth is less than 1d times, the width, it is possible to dispense with baffles and still obtain the desired flow pattern, When length 4s more than 14 x width, but less than 2 x width, two baffles will be adequate. Lcnsw seb<2W : bet T ee bt pam 13. DRIVE MECHANISM : All our Agitators are provided with standard duty vertical reduction gear boxes of reputed make, These gear boxes are driven by directly coupled motor. Both gear box and motor are mounted on a structural bridge spanning the tank. For RCC covered tanks, this bridge can be a part of RCC, In order to have directly coupled drive, we recommend rationalised speeds listed below: 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 128, 144 and 288, Optional speeds 18, 29, 41, 58, 115 and 192 must be avoided, Tip velocity should not exceed 400 m/min, NOTE: The gear boxes of vertical types suitable for agitator application are available in sizes 4'' and above. Hence At will be economical to use propeller type bought out mixers for lower power level (particularly less than 1e5 HP).FIDENTIAL HINDUSTAN DORR-OLIVER : CONFIDENTH 6 78 9100 ExaMece pee ue StLecr Ww cousivarion wocn aeounes " Man pouch W naME’ Wak. USE OF AMICEELE We, FO8 wh 6 mjmin uoje 076 2% 0305 2400 mm 29 028 2250 mm | ol iP Be | DESIGN CHART FOR BLENDINGHINDUSTAN DORR-OLIVER 5 6 7 8 9 1000 CONFIDENTIAL 7 2 14 5 % 7 8 910000 CHART «1A ele 5 6 i 7 & 9 100000CIN NLM.) TORQUE BLENDING SELECTION CHART- IIA VISCOSITY 0-1 Pa-S ye Tete 1s 20m? 40m? EQUIVALENT rs 80m? VOLUMES eras! deo 200m 400m? (m3)TORQUE (IN_N-M.) e BLENDING SELECTION CHART —11 B VISCOSITY : 0-25 Pa-S is | a a ec 3 20m , 40m? 80m? 200m’ EQUIVALENT VOLUMES ( m3 ) 400m?Tt = Lava AWILN3014NOD u3AN0-ysod —-NwiSNONIHSOLID DIA MICRONS 10.000 3000 8000 7000 6000 s000 4000 3000 2000 1000 300 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 TYLER MESH SIZE [0.001 PaS- 0 M77 / = b 20 28 35 48 RSION, FACTORS 1000 MICRONS, 103937 INCHES. 65 +100 150 os oe Os T_ 4s 18 2 TITS 1820 SETTLING VELOCITY M/MIN. 36 TE LOSE FOR SOLIDS OF CUBICAL OR SPHERICAL SHAPE WITH MINOR: IRBEAIN AOITICS MESH OPENING mm 6-73 476 3:36 2-38 0-86 0.64 0-50 032 023 0449 010 NIW/W- ALIDOVRA ONITLLES FIDILYVE Tawny aTHINOUSTAN DORR-OLIVER LIMITED i - name ‘N' | Letter ¢ 45104/Npg OA" [heh February 'C wr. MN. Ramakrishnan/ PACt Bombay L S, Narayan Ht fe ane Ft Selection of Reducers for of eee Mixer; H FROM Wed, Shab / sr 5: Bombay RTT TROT cc ssw/uy. “LACE Bombay PSP Bombay MSH/NED Bombay Please refer to our letter No.45086 dtd.10th Feb. =F} 1984 enclosing selection procedure for Reducere. In that rele ‘Table IV needs revision because SF is not applicabl| to shaft, Revised table is enclosed, Please replace the o earlier table with new one. 3 = Het iB Ey < N.D. SHAT ! G ' BES 3 BOMBAYed4 000'Z2> = ee e . Fed 000'gr 8 ® Treas on -te0se orrsues aoe ces ey eres 7 Fed OOONZ 93 Ted OOO'OZ oss eoTsEA 2g sme poxson oq wes 95 “ip Surnouy ram : . deel ee de Ul esl a al EET e MM AMomom SuTptog ergenorre tear? wisp soravy one a5eUS Joonpey ase Twotssoay as fat ee lip wou. 918 eta Be ane gon oy eramsos ote adem Ze a eens Atasaoaut sy cP euvew era zjtoara * 204 Faces A SST = ‘ p auproep 205 STON = e se xox Tet 92930 OOK) os ne Ee Pande FOTEIES LT Aved Wy hee sate 2 anaes Nrenrasette Ga ee 2 Wnoosan TAHEOD 3Feus 30s + yenooT0H $ ee SH uowot surpucq on 7 PUT OPRTTUd YA TA, esEduOD SF ee seer rage” 9 som! boos aaa ARSE eo IS wep PS fA eer vA wy Saasepesqnoorayy SuTdeex —/ : fo sPPTW UF ey tg@pseAuo\ AON oetp ano TTF oS auop 9a TyTN oTee™ seguis avn ct iNa TABi VERTICAL SHAPT REDUCER SELECTION Dia (em) sv Hs sps 4 ok ou has of ou 5 ou ou e 506 05 O4 665 06 ou 1 o7 ou 1.5 08 05 8 08 05 * 8.5 10 06 : 9 10 os ff 10 12 07 u as 08 1265 1h 10° ~ as SV = Std. 'V! Type SDS = Std. Duty Stirrer Type HDS = Heavy Duty Stirrer type.Mowat h / a heen.f HINDUSTAN DORR-OLIVER LIMITED - Letter # 45058/Nps Vale: 2501-1984 1 ON, Ramakrishnan/S.Narayan "AC& Bombay ** Technical Manual for Mixers = FON ND. shah / Jr aT, Bombay UNRATE : ao : cee &o Sgv/Hv PLACE Bombay! + “fer/PsP Bombay, We have prepared a draft manual for process design of mixers using the data available from hooks collected by SN and Philadelphia Manual supported by literature collected) by us, A copy)is enclosed for review by SN. The Mechanical Design part is under preparation. Since thia manual contains everything one can learn about mixers, we propose to make only 3 - 4 copies for limited circulation. ‘The important features are t 1, It is prepared totally with metric aystem. Hence fo! are reworked and a conversion table is added. Charts and tabi are redone, 2, We have no corgection factors for solids _suapension vhen percentage solids exceed 35%. This ould become a part of R& D. 3. Data on propellers is not adequate. Hence Lab work is needed. 4, Most of our agitators handle low viscosity fluids, Hence we have avoided any reference to highly viecous fluids. Moreover our conventional turbines will not be suitable for highly viscous fluids. 5. A chapter on gas dispersion and heat transfer can be added later vhen need arises. 6. Paper Pulp agitators and circulators do not fall under present catagory because there we have to deal with non-Newtonian fluids. pace OF TH Avawoa TTT T BOMBAY H +AVawog 40 sve | aH eAoqe settoug BOMBAY rH BVHS ‘a°H 1H ‘downbepe azouy yoy 03 suoTaernoteo TwoTdés ong 40 ovo toy TwnuEM Stuy een 03 NS 3senbex ox su? {sep TwoTusyoem Mo wovosdde 3uezesz4p specu stu, terudTepeTtud Jo eexoq H zeod Teyoeds zeuyese eseonper Teyoseamos een eA 30U, eT emyrudep sofem ots 03 deve ey yOTUA euo fq TenuDy : ‘fudtepertug eoetdes 07 sy Tenuem atys zo esodang ORIN FOS TENG TOSTISL «5. HBETHTHSE eg Avqmoq WE ON nous ‘ fe OSLINN H3AMO-YHOO NVLSNONIH Z >HINDUSTAN DORR-OLIVER LIMITED eo Letter # 45086/nps “A 10th February : 'O yer, HW, Ramakrishnan/ PACT Bombay alae ‘S. Narayan eeera carte | € Selection of Reducers for oo iixerc. ROM ND, Shah / gr Al: Bombay NS TBAT ETS ce ssvAHY ACE Bombay + Py Bombay MSH/NED Bombay ® controversy on selection of Reducers, Particularly your specifying Heavy Duty Reducers based on RADICON chart is not in line with standard duty reducers specified in Technology design chart prepared in 1982/83, It is a matter of interpretation of RADICON fata. ‘The election guide of RADICON 1s based on obsolete concept, while Philadelphia manuals provide more inei ght. We had discussed about selection procedure with David Brean in the past,who advised to use only SDS unit for Causticizers irrespective of vhat their catalogue shows but did not give the background information for such an advice, We did not have any problem in following their advice. Avawos TG Now that we have the information of Philadelphia e and others, I thought it worthwhile to examine the whole \ tt thing The guidelines enclosed herewith are the resulte of this study, It should help in correct selection of reduce: 22,220 2h MED cam study and, eive comments, ve 4 shall incorporate the comments before if ie released’ for general use. srst Tt Enel:as above Pace o iH cH BOMBAY +t + +SELECTION OF REDUCERS FOR MIXERS following data + a. Power Input (P) in kw b. Impeller Diameter (D) in metres. e. Impeller speed (N) in rpm. Mechanical Design gives following information + 4. Shaft diameter (4) in centimetres e. Snaft overhang (h) in metres. Selection of Reducer is governed by rollowing three criteria 1 (4) Gear capacity in terms of HP. (OR torque rating of gear N). (44) Max. allowable shaft stress Ss. (114) Max. allowable bearing’load BL. GEAR CAPACITY The supplier's catalogue gives the HP capacity of reducers at different output speedrusing different rpm of motors. ‘The reducers are available in sizes ranging from 4" distance te 14" centre distance. Hence our mixers can be supplied upto max. 30 HP. (max. tank diameter 8 m). Use following service factors t- Blending only 1.25 (an Stem cps) (Me too S908 Ps) Solids suspension ( <_35.%) 165 . ‘ (> 358) 2.75 com reorrs) Selection tables are enclosed.(Tables-I, II & III). esasa 024 CAUTION + avoid following ratios which are made only to order and deliveries are long. 125 6 1 35 ao. 4s 2 kt However size 1400 is not common, Preferred ratios are 10:1, 2081, 30:1, 4011, 5031 and 60:1. NOTE: #14 Reducers are identified by centre distance, For vertical reducer having output shaft pointing downwards (tapped hole in the centre), hand is decided by the location of output shaft w.r.t, input shaft when viewed along the axis of input shaft. INPUT SHAFT <— VIEW OUTPUT SHAFT F NOTE; #24 The use of Radicon reducers is preferred because the data ie available, For other makes we must ensure that shaft dia of reducers, shaft material and bearing loads match with what we have used. The equivalents of different mak given below t Make Type Shaft Handing RADICON v Ly RY ALLROYD HY A‘ B BLECON FSV LH RE cROFTS RV Aoaly #2 Assly #1 ‘TECON FFV OR UFRV To be described. NOTE: #36 Motor rpm shall be 1440 except for 128 rpm of impeller where 960 rpm motor is required.a SHAFT STRESS Now onwards, all our discussion will be done keeping RADICON reducers in midd, RADICON haa given formula for clculation of! bending moment which is no more applicable. If it 4s compared with Philadelphia and Chemineer method, the bending moment is around 5 times the one we use for shaft design. Moreover, the shaft stress is based only on bending moment. This is not true. For a good design, we must sake into account the torque. Hence the RADICON method of selection is no more useful to us. ‘This aspect was discussed with Cotton in past and they themselves confirmed eo figures in their catalogues should not be ‘They suggested standard duty reducers for all ow causticizers and Dregs mixers. Bquation (43) gives formula for deciding d . 186-210 2 fy? + 6.06)" ans d° 40 inversely proportion, to Se. seme formula to work out shaft diameter of reducer (dR), Ten faz}? * 0 (Vertical shart a Se (Reducer Snaft, The RADICON data gives allowable bending = Since Mb = Sez and 2 = IZ d2r 3 Knowing dg, Se can be worked out, Ss varies from 20,000 pei to 24000 pai. This is for bigh tensile steel. We shall u Ss = 20,000 pat = 140,000 kpa. ae fany? = 56,000 = 1 4 Tugooo | 25, But for selection of dR service factor SF must be applied. Hence sas)? = SF 5 or dR = hrau Compare ® dR with values given by radicon and select corresponding reducer. ‘The selection table is enclosed (Table IV). BEARING LOAD. Te bearing load BL is calculated as follows + BL «= F(b sb’) ne or BLxh* = 3750 P (bh +h') e@ NLD. (for turbulent flow - using equation 40) s+ BLx ht = 3750 8 fam) Now hf is very small compared to bh vs BL sat = 3750 {2} (n} x A graph (Appendix-H) is plotted for various values of b/D and P/N giving BL.h', This is the required bearing moment. e The same graph is attached to another graph plotting values of BL.h! for RADICON reducers for different values of N, When used together we can find out size of reducers required. SELECTION 1, Select required service factor SF 2. Use reducer whichever is larger from tables I, Il, III 4 IV, and graph in Appendix He CONCLUSION ; It has been our observation that none of our mixers will require heavy duty reducers as bearings used are of such higher capacity than needed. In most of the c. ither shart dia or gear dapacity’ that govern the selection.TABLE=I SF = 1.25 NPELLER RPM MOTOR MOTOR KW Motor 1440 rom 960 rpm 190 144 96.72; 5889629 128 145. 04 08 08 04 O% Oh O8 ob o% o4 2.2 04 0% Oh 04 0% 0% O4 05 05 ou 3.7 04 0% o% Ob 05 05 05 06 06 ob 565 04 0405-0505 BK oh 7.5 05 05 05 06 06 06 07 07 08 05 11 05 05 06 o7 o7 08 08 10 10 06 15 06 «= «06-_—«s«OT_-s«OBsCOB-ss10s 10s 22 06 18.5 06 O7 08 08 10 10 10 12 12 or 22 O7 O7 08 10 10 10 12 12 14 o7 TABLE-IT sF = 1.5 IMPELLER RPM be Motor 1440 rpm 580 Fpe 19044 9672, 584836 29 ah 128 1.5 06 0% Ob ob O% 0% o% o% 05 o4 2.2 04 04 0% 0% Ob 04 O05 05 05 ob Sama OW OW ON 06 1105111051106 1110611 07, ob 565 o4 OS oS 05 06 06 o7 o7 08 05 7a5 12205 141110577 06) 17 1100 :7 107/211, 07.41.07. 12 108 4708 05 1 05 «06 «06 =o? 08S B10 10—Ss ‘10 06 15 06 O7 O7 08 10 10 10 12 12 OT 16.5 o7 o7 08 10 10 410 12 12 ah o7 22 07 08 10 10 10 12 12 14 ws 08SF < 1.75 Motor Impeller RPM a Motor = 1440 rpm pete 190 14h 96 «972 «58483629 128 15 oh oh 0% 0h oh” ob ob 05 05 o4 242 04 0h 04 04 O% 05 05 05 06 of e 367 04 0h 05 05 05 05 06 06 oF o4 5.5 05 OS 05 06 06 06 o7 o7 08 os 75 05 oS 06 06 oF o7 08 08 10 o5 aL 06 06 o7 08 08 10 10 10 12 06 15 o7 07 08 010 10 10 12 12 12 o7 18.5 O07 08 O8 o10 10 12 12 26 4h 08 22 08 10 10 10 12 12 ah 1s - 105 TABLE=1V VERTICAL SF = 1.25 sF=1.5 SF 2 1.75 SHAFT sv sv sv pra ede spa) ps sus HDS SDS HDS 4 un an un an un he 45 hn an un hn aun ae ue dn ae an un ue 5.6 hn ae 5” Ae 5" ae e 6 3" Ae s" Pty 6 ae 65 6m an on an 6n un 7 7™ ae 6 ae ” he 15 7 un 7: he ae se 8 an ” 8 3° an 5" 8.5 se 5” Be 3" 10" s* 9 a" 5" 10" 6" 10" on 10 10" on lor 6" 10" 6" al 12" 2 12" i dea 12" oe 12.5 lan se ae Br ake 10" 1h aan 10" ue 1oF abn 15 12° - ibe - - e 16 7 ahs : : : : SV = Std. ‘Vt type SDS = Std. Duty Starrer type. HDS * Heavy Duty Stérrey type.(05 C6 07 08 05 08 AGOEMIK-K 03 0+ 08 060708091 Pin 6ani fas cong ee 3 5 7 : ‘ 10: i NOISNAdSNS aI0S YO4 LYVHD NOISAG aH Meviuvay 403501 ayn aavneuamod NIN S3UINO3y HOMM NOMYMIBMOD OMN 199735 A- 4uVHD = TWILN3GIANOD *Sorv0S 40 NSHIM 28 1NIOU3E x05 ROE x0t 8 Fin a ROMAN ivmo0ua) 70 MOLVA tress Yt a rr 1 x05 KOE xs 2s pue "yzecsdde 10119 pue jeut Jeuou BuIMo1]0} ye PaaLse jerp 2yewixosdde 0} aarjejas soUEpIN’ Sea‘B mojoq YeUD yaad! 19373S “sanju jo u8isap yeaqueyoow je22e2d Jo 5 ‘sayedust SDNVGIND 80a MNO TA = 1YVHD ONIZIS Y3TISAWICHART - (VII) 20 Tz 1-08 +06 Te 1.02 100 PROXIMITY CORRECTION FACTOR FOR SINGLE IMPELLERS ( PBT ONLY) 2 2 8 2 2 g gz ¢ t i i a & ES x x (a9) WO1L08 440 SUBL3WVIC Y37I3dHI CORRECTION FACTORS, POWERPOWER CONSUMPTION (KW) OF MIXING IMPELLERS (45¢ PBT) SP, GR = 1.00 WORM GEAR EFFICIENCY = 0.75ceo POWBR CONSUMPTION (Kw) OF MIXING IMPELLERS (45° PBT) SP. GR. = 1.00 WORM GEAR EFFICIENCY = 1.12 1.493 | 1.563 0.965 . 1.703 1.050 | 1.852 : | 2.140 | 2,012 4 1,237 | 2.182 | 4.174 VCRPOWER CONSUMPTION (KW) OF MIXING IMPELLERS (45* PBT) SP.GR. = 1.00 WORM GRAR EFFICIENCY = 0.75 a+ [2 [36 [4a [58 | 72 1.340 ! +364 | 4.522 | 10.72 | 18.91 | 36.17 1.450 | 245 11.60 | 20.46 | 39.24 12.53 . 42.29 13.53 +86 | 45.65. 14.58 . AQ.2. | 415.70 6 33.00 16.89 . 57.01 | 18.15 2 | 61.26 4.297 | 19.49 : 65.76 4.609 _|_ 20.90 70.53 4.998 | 9.445 | 22.39 o_| 75.56 5.285 | 10 23.97 | | 80.88 5-652 }10.81 | 25.63 86.50 6.099 41-55 6.847 12693 6.877 | 13.15 7.329 | 14.02 7.805 | 14.93. 8.305 | 15-89. 8,890 | 16.89 9.382 | 17.95 9-961 119.05,i 12.87 | 32.37POWER CONSUMPTION (Kw) OF MIXING IMPELLERS (45° PBT) | SP.GR. = 1.00 WORM GEAR EFFICIENCY = 0. zo [36 [4s [sa [ 72 [ 96 | 128 | 44 | oz [| 36.65 { 38.36 40.13 41.97 43.88 45.86 AT.9As 50.02 32.22 suas pae2 33689 : 35.02 © 2 “| 36.49 38.01 | 67.05 58. 69.82 56.84 30.37 .70 64.37 44.60 46.99 | 88.23 | 78.69 | | 81.84 85.08 epiane e fete |Multiply Cubic fect Cubic inches Centipos Feet 2 Feet/sec Poot. Pounds Foot. Poundse/sec Gallon (U.S.) Galion (Imp) Horse Power Inches Kilowatte McD Pound (force) Pound (Mass) Pound/sq.inches Pounds/cu.inches Pounde/cu. feet Sq-feet/sec. Tom. chy VERSION FACTOR: By 0,02832 16.39 10 3 0.3048 0.3048 0.2383 1.3560 0.3048 0.3048 1.3360 x 1073 367850 x 10°? 1.2 06746 2654 25.40 2.34 2.627 46456 06453 703-1 6893.0 6.893 2.768 x 10” 16.02 0.0929 aor Micron = 15000/Mesh. Te_get Cubic metre Cubic centimetre Pascal seconds Metr Metre/sec? Kilogram, Metre Nevton. Metre Metre/mins Metre/sec. Kilewatt Cubic Metre U.S. Gallon Kilowatt Contimetre Millimetre Horse Hower Cubic Metre/min Newton Kilogram Kilogram/sq.cw Newton/aq.m Kilo Pascal Kilogram/cu.metre treHoo Shreees — peesINTRODUCTION Over a number of years Dorr-Oliver has been selling Agitatore for variety of applications. The original design was based on data from Mixing Equipment Company of U.S.A. in case of top entry Agitators. Later a range of Agitators for pulp application were added. But they are of special design tailored to handle non-Newtonian fluid like paper pulp. They are of side entry type. The design was based on Brinkley, As the years went by HDO added few more varieties like Alum Paddle Agitator, Conditioners etc. which were more or less replica of competitors’ design. As the demand for Agitators was increasing, a need was felt to have a collaboration arrangement with reputed manufacturer so that tailor-made Agitator can be offered. Somehow this effort has not been successful but the knowledge gained by our own efforts is eufficient to cater to the requirement of industries whom we are eerving. Thies manual does not cover the side entry Agitators used in pulp industry.NOMENCLATURE Gross sectional area of tank A constant ; Width of baffle Clearance between baffle and tank vall Thickness of plate for baffle Width of impeller blade Height of impelier from tank bottom Diameter of draft tube | Permissible deflection of shaft at seal Diameter of impeller Distance between bearings Tarckness of plate for blade Hub diameter : Projected width Shaft diameter : Function of NRe Becentricity Unbalanced hydraulic force acting on biade due to torque Force on baffle Force on bolt Corrective factor for C/D (proximity correction) Corrective factor for D/T variation Corrective factor for tank height Corrective factor for tank diameter Modifying factor Head loss coefficient Modifying factor for critical speed Velocity gradient Gravitational constant Head of liquid Shaft overhang Distance of bearing from shaft centre line i i i le nN N xLe Mb ee a sb ss st (se)2 (se) 6 (se)et Height of liquid in|tank Moment of inertia Torsional modulus of section A constant i Length of rectangular tank Length of impeller lade Spacing between baffle supports Bending moment Impeller speed | No. of blades in impeller No. of baffles | Power number Flow number Froude number Critical 9 Power a Reynolds number | i i i Hydraulic Power = | Pitch of impeller biade Flow capacity or pumping capacity db for bienaing =| Qs for solids suspension v/2 i Dh/2 ! a2 | keyway depth i Impeller spacing | Allowable bending stress Allowable torsional! stress Allowable shear stre Allowable tensile stress Specific gravity of liquid Specific gravity of! solide Specific gravity of| slurry RPM cm kpa kpa kpa kpa"eee? to Ub ud Usv we wi ws a Sr eE Or tr Tank di. Equivalent tank diameter No. of turnovers ter Torque Retention tim Turnover time Settling velocity of solids Bulk velocities of fluid Velocity in draft tube, Superficial velocity Volume of tank : Peripheral velocity of, impeller = f DN Width of tank ' Equivalent weight ' Weight of impeller ios 2, 3, «+. etc. for each impeller Weight of shaft : = W/T Deflection of shaft at impeller LE 1, 2, 3, eee ote. Section Modulus i Density of fluid Viscosity of fluid Kinematic viscosity Blade angle with horizontal plant Angular velocity ( 71) Angle for curved bla ° Lead angle for propellers Worm gear efficiency Ae Ne min. or sec. min or sec. m/min n/ein e/min n/min nm? n/min = ke ke pase a7/e Degree rad/ain Degree DegreeFUNDAMENTALS Every mixing process and optimum mixing performance involves the intersection of three known factors; The Impeller or Turbine The fluid Tne Tank or Vessel (configuration) The impeller is used to move the fluid and mixing results only from this fluid motion. The power P imparted by rotating impeller will result in a flow Q and developed head H which is related to fluid shear rate of the discharge of ‘the impeller, Mathematically power is proportional to the flow times the head, or P= K)QH ee) where Kjis @ proportionality constant which varies with different shapes and position of impeller. DIMENSIONLESS ANALYSIS Studies were made in late 19th century to determine resistance to motion of many shapes of solids through air and water. The drag and power required for ship hulls and aeroplane structures were studied. It was thought possible and convénient to treat the study of behaviour and characteristics of mixing by same method. White and co-workers were the first to point out possibilities and advantage of cowelating performance of mixing impellers by use of dimensionless analysis and study of models. Data on power requirement was published by others but no comprehensive study covering wide range of variables was made, Ruston et al (8) studied the impellers of many types in laboratory to get conelation between most important variables. Most of this work was done in Mixing Equipment Co., Rochester, New York and many of Dorr-Ojiver agitators so far manufactured were using MIXCO design.For the purpose of comelation, technique of dimensionless analysis developed by Buckingham was used. This technique is called Pi - Theorem. According to Pi - Theorem, if one variable depends upon a number of independent variables, they can be expressed in a general fundamental relationship, such as f (D, T, HT, C, p, 1, by B,S,Y, g,N, B) =O0----- (2) when the variables are clubbed together in dimensionless groups, equation assumes following form: 2 53, £@ 8.2228 8 SH mW’ Bw, 25 Other ratios which could be included sre ff, and #2 where No is some reference number. In the above equation, few terms are known: 2 e9+ Re = ON = OME aoe ey) 2 UN Spear eee eae ee ane eR ane eE EEE g (5) The term D°Nf characterises the fluid flow pattern, It is called inverse of power no. Np, Since § is kg mass/cu.m The equation (3) can now be rewritten as : Np = Ky (NRe)®i (Nfr)92 (1/D)?3 (ar )#4 (885 (B86 (1/D)97 (v/0)?e (8/0)9 (2,810 (BBRY911. = 7 = = m This is the general equation relating to physical variables most often encountered in mixing with a single impeller, centred in a cylindrical vertical axis flat bottom tank.Tne values of exponents in equation (7) have been determined by vast range of data by Ruston et al and others. The last 9 terms of eq. (7) define geometrical boundry conditions which affect fluid motion, They are parameters of geometrical similarity. If they remain fixed for one set of sizes, the equation can be simplified as : Np = Ky (WRe)M1 (Ner)?2 ------------- (8) The Froud no. NFr accounts for force of gravity. For most of our applications, (NFr)#2 = 1. Hence Np = Ky (NRe)*1 ---_-------------- (9) PUMPING CAPACLTY Tne pumping capacity Q is a function of projected area of impeller and bulk velocity. te Q = (0,785 02) x Ub --------------- (ao) But bulk velocity is the function of tip speed of the impeller ie Up a\T or Ub a ND Hence eq (10) can be rewritten as Q =k, NDo------------- eee e qu) Substituting values of Q and Pp in eq (1), we get Ho =K,N%0? ------------------ (12) and Hence it is evident that slow moving impellers will produce a large flow and low shear rate, A small impeller at high speed will produce lower volume of flow and higher shear rate. 4 x # © ' ‘ ' ' ' ‘ ' ' ‘ ' 1 t ' 1 ‘ t 1 ' 3 NAGATA POWER EQUATION Most of the industrial applications ihave baffled tanks, If no baffles are present, all impellers will produce rotary flow with a vertex in the centre. Nagata et al (1) studied the experimental data collected from different sources and suggested4 following correlation for tanks without baffles using two flat blades. Np = Kg (£)® for turbulent flow - ~~ --- =~ (14) where E = f (NRe) He has prepared Nomograms for calculating the value of Kgs a, Be ® EL VELOCITY GRADLENT One more concept used particularly when rapid mixing (retention time is few seconds) is involved ~ using fluid energy due, to velocity or pressure is velocity gradient. Velocity gradient describes intensity of mixing, It is defined as a power dissipated per unit volume of mixing fluid. For stirred tanks, the defination is 6-3 pe ----------------- be) «ee TURN OVER TIME (ti + Concept of Turnover time is used for mixing of reagents or two Miscible liquids. It is defined as the time required to pump an amount equal to the amount into the tank . a oe o= to wee eee ee eee eee eee ee 8) and No. of Turn Overs Q/Feed flow ---- = or Q Tix Wt-- seen (17)EQUIPMENT ENGG ~ DATA IMPELLER CHARACTERISTICS Impeller may be divided in two general catagories: (1) AXIAL FLOW (2) RADIAL FLOW This flow pattern depends upon shape, positioning and tank surroundings. Typical flow patterns are shown in fig. 2 to 6. We use following types of turbines in our agitators : (fig. 7 to 10) (1) Flat Blade Disc Type (Ruston) (2) Curved Blade Disc Type (3) 45° and 32° Pitched Blade (4) Propellers (Marine Type) with P/D = 1 to 2. The first two are predominently radial flow turbines white last one is predominantly axial flow type. The third one is mixed flow type but resembles closely to axial flow turbines, Ruston et al (8) studied Flat Blade and Curved Blade turbines using 6 blade turbine called Ruston Turbine. These studies were repeated by others but maximum work is done using pitched blade turbine which is now commenly used. Power measurment is done directly but flow measurment with required accracy is most difficult, Power no. and Flow no, are related as NN = wk-oe--- ---- eee (18) where K 4s determined experimently. Flat Blade Disc Type Turbines (RUSHTON They are named after J.H, Rushton who developed them for the first time. The test work was done using 3-12 blades having following proportions: Drl:b=7:5:4FIG (4) a |! e wey fig (6) a FIG (3) FIG (5) FIG (2)a 1 FLAT BLADE TURBINE CURVED BLADE TURBINE (RUSHTON ) (RUSHTON) FIG = (7) FIGs (8) I 45/32 PITCHED BLADE TURBINE PROPELLER FIGs (10) (9)However, most of the results in their report are pertaining to 6 blades turbine, They used both baffled and unbaffled tanks, no. of baffles awe being always 4 and width of baffle 10% of tank dia. The generalised equation for power no, using eq. 7 is a Np = 6.3 x (B)20~ ------ 2-777 (as) Oldshue (12) gives value of constant = 5.75 Here ajo = 0.8 for n<6 and ajo = 0.9 for n > 6. Uhl and Gray (4) have favoured constant = 5 for 6 blade turbine. Oldshue (12) gives flow no. Nq = 0,754 0.04 eo for 6 blades turbine and 0,6 for 4 bladed turbine. For unbaffled tanks, Nq = 0,31 to 0,34 irrespective of the number of blades. 2. Curved Bade Disc Type Tyrbine The power no. is identical to one developed for flat blade turbine. ‘ Np = 4.8 (ay*10 Sie arena --- 7 (20) Here 1 is treated as projected length of blade. The impeller is rotated in the direction opposite to its curvature. In light of error in constant of equation (19) pointed out by Uhl and Gray equation (20) needs to be modified substituting 4.8 by 3.6 for curved blade turbine. For flow No., Oldshue (12) gives following relation between Np and Ng = F 2 x Ng x (1 - Md tan) ----- (21) Np = ‘ ny where Y = b/D 3, 45°/32° Pitched Blade- Turbine (PBT) We have standardised on 4 blades, 32°PBT is used to reduce power “ht pamyiny Fequirement ic not critical, Particularly when solids suspension with high percentage of solids end dense particles is involved.Uhl and Gray (4) gives following relation for b/D = 1p Np = Np (Flate Blade) x (Sin @)?*5- - - ~ (22) This gives Np = 1.51 for 45° PaT and Np = 0.74 for 32° paT Oldshue (12) has reported following value for b/D = 0.2 : Np = 1.27-1,5 (4 blades) L.E, Gat$ et al (5) of Chemineer has given an expression for Power as t P = Sgsi N37 (394)? This gives Np = 1.6 for 45° PBT (4 blades) For flow no. Uhl and Gray (4) have given following formula: Nq = (1-k)n? x (} sin ©.cos 6 + B sin*e) ~ -(23) where K is defined in equation 18. Oldshue (12) gives following values for 45° PBT : Nq = 0,75 - 0,79 (4 blades) However, these values are dependent on D/T ratio. L.£, Gates et al (5) Chemineer have given a graph of Nq v/s NRe for various D/T ratios. For turbulent region Nq = 0.67 for D/T = 0,4 0.80 for D/T = 0.3 0,85 for D/T = 0,25 From equation (18) k works out to be 0,18 to 0,24. Propeller (Marine Type): The design of propeller is based on Marine Propellers with 3 blades. This is studies by many people but there is no cozelation available for power requirement. The supply of propellers in developed countries is in the Wand; of few manufacturers who have specialised in this field by experimental work and experience.Rushton et al (8) reports following valus for propellers when used in baffled tanks: P Pp Bates (4) observed Np = 0.35 for p = D when Reynold no, ts greater than 10°, For viscous fluids, Np will be very high. D, (10% baffles) Np = 0,32 2D, (10% baffles) Np. = 1.00 a Oldshue (12) givew value of Np = 0,87 for proximity = 1 (C= 0) for p= 1.5 D, Rushton et al (8) givesa following relation between p/D and Np: Np = 0.22 x (p/p)le? so oe ee ee (2a) Pumping capacity is given by the formula : Qe n/4 Dp --------------- (25) This means Nq = 0,785 for p=D, However, imperical value is Nq = 0.5. When aerofail section as shown below is used. wer Nq = } x tan (B-a) - -----------7----- (26) Np =a x [1 + tan*(p-a)] x (Criftx sin (B-a) + Cdrag x cos(B-a)]---(27 Values of B-a and Clift and CDrag can be obtained from data published by National Advisory Committee for Aeronotics (NACA) for various blade cross sectional profiles. The meaning of pitch in case of propellers is impotant. It is distance in terms of propeller dia, by which liquid will be pushed for each revolution of propeller, Equation (25) isderived from this defination. The marine propellers are designed for constant pitch so that flow is uniform through whole length of blade. If A 4s the pitch angle at the tip (1ead angle) tanA =p/D --------------- £28) For pitch angle at any other diamters, D will be replaced by that diameter, Hence blade will become twisted from tip to the base. The value of lead angle depends upon p/D ratio as shown in equation 28, However, if the angle increases at the base beyond 50°, separation of flow occurs, The flow capacity depends upon projected area of blades across the axis of shaft, The hub dia. and hence blade length is governed by shaft dLameter. This propeller developed for specific application have to be tested in laboratory for Power requirement and flow. Values of lead angle A for various p/D are given below p=D A = 17°40" p= 1.250 A = 21°42" . p=1.50 > = 25°32 p= 1.60 Aw 27° p= 1.75 0 A= 29°8! p=2D >= 32°30"Lightnin (6) have designed blades with 3 twists along its length and tapering width. This gives performance equivalent to marine propellers The projection across axis at shaft can be increased by increasing the width as we go towards imbtip. Aerofeil turbines have following advantages : (1) Higher Head Capacity (H) (2) Steeper Head/Flow Curves (H-Q) (3) Maximum resistance to stall (4) Greater operating efficiencyy Draft Tube Circulator Draft tube is useful for guiding the flow which reduces losses and improves power consumption, Flow in draft tube = Flow in annulus This gives Ud. Cd? = Up (T2=ca?) But Cd 5 0 rd Hence Ud = Ub x (15%) ------ ae eee aes aeCt = = (29) x Where x = 0/T Hydraulic power Ph is given by Ph = 3.58 x 1076p? ud? sgsl Kw- - -------- (303 Multiple Impellers When more than one impellers are used, the lowest one will be at ai distance C = T/3 from tank bottom, The spacing 'S' between two consecutive turbines will be as follows: Axial flow ----> S=10D Radial flow ----> S$ = 1.90 Use one turbine upto HT/T = 1.4 and two beyond that upto HT/T = 2,1, Pumping capacity of 2 propellers shall be 1.7 times that of one.‘Tank CONFIGURATION - 1. TANK t= The tanks are sized on the basis of the retention time t. Select diaméters from following rationalised sizes, HT, should be 0,6 to 0,7 T for min. power except in case of tanks 1000, 1100 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 8000, 5500, 6000, then increattent of I meter. Tank volume = Feed flow x t most economical size is HT = T for circular tanks and WeL-HT for rectangular tanks, A free board of minimum 300 mm shall be added to HT. Height of tank is limited by shaft overhang and reducer shaft dia. Hence selection of drive governs the maximum possible depth of tank. Tanks bottoms with torrispherical dished end or a cone having slope at exceeding 15° can be treated flat bottom tanks. we For covered tanks, provide manhole and an erection opening or without hinged cover and vent opening if required. 2. BAFELES: In most mixing applications baffled flow is desirable (surface aerators are exception), The most common way of producing baffled flow pattern is to mount baffles equally spaced around the tank as shown in figure: e238 S \ cee ' | FLAT (conical) oT TOM DISHED Bottom PLANOptimum performance is obtained by using baffle widtn = 1/10 or 1/12th of tank dia. for viscosities we normally come across: We have adopted 4 baffles each 1/12 T wide as standard for circular tanks. In case of rectangular tanks, use Te instead of T, where Te = 1.13 x /W x L (equivalent dia) = ~ - - ~ -(31) In case of highly viscous fluids or non-New-tonian fluids, baffle width can be much less or baffles can be placed away from the tank wall as shown in figure above. Use directly welded baffles upto » = 0.5 Ra.s Ya ale _ 3 © 5 By viscosity : pas No baffles are required for mixers with 2,2 kw drive and tank volume less than 3m’. The characteristics of baffled flow pattern is obtained by placing the mechanisum at an angular off-centre position. In rectangular tanks, the shape itself provides the baffling action at low power levels. For square tanks smaller than 3 m square or where tank depth is less than 14 times, the width, it is possible to dispense with baffles and still obtain the desired flow pattern, When Length is more! than 1$ x width, but less than 2 x width, two baffles will be adequate. Lens ise b<2y Re pam3, DRIVE MECHANISM : All our Agitators are provided with standard duty vertical reduction gear boxes of reputed make, These gear boxes are driven by directly coupled motor. Both gear box and motor are mounted on a structural bridge spanning the tank. For RCC covered tanks, this bridge can be a part of RCC, In order to have directly coupled drive, we recommend rationalised speeds listed below: 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 128, 144 and 288, Optional speeds 18, 29, 41, 58, 115 and 192 must be avoided. Tip velocity should not exceed 400 m/min, NOTE:~ The gear boxes of vertical types suitable for agitator application are available in sizes 4'" and above. Hence At will be economical to use propeller type bought out mixers for lower power level (particularly less than 1e5 HP).The Agitators marketed by 1DO can be grouped ander following heads :- Nentralising Tank ) Turnover cnncept can Bqualising tank ) be used, Aluain Agitator Flocculant preparation tank Flush Mixers ) Velocity gradient conce 21g Plocculators ) cam be vsede © BLENDING & SOLID 0 3.1 Sludge Mixing 3.2 Lime preparation + S0L1p5_sUsPENsto 4 Conditioner Wee Sand Washing Mixers 1D Magh Speed Serubbers Wak Cauaticizers 1.5 Dregs Mixers1) BATCH BLENDING There are two possibitities + Blending of Imiscible liquids Blending of Miscible liquids There is a close relation between blending time and power requirement for mixers. Blending time is usually decreased significantly as mixer power is increased. Tus some information concerning allowable blend time is required. In case of dispersion, location of impeller (at or near the interface) and drop size decides the power input. Hence selection of impeller and speed becomes of vital impor tance. As majority of applications are of miscible Liquids, the other applications are not considered here. Available pumping capacity can be calculated from equation (11), The required pumping capacity will be equal to tank cross sectional area multiplied by bulk velocity, ‘This is the fundamental dynamic response or design criteria for blending. The bulk velocity is characteristic of all the velocities in the agitated fluid. For blending application, following limitations will apply :- : Settling velocity of solids 4 2 m/min Suspended Trace solids 4 2% Specific gravity difference <1 Chemineer have adopted bulk velocities in the range of 2420 m/min characterising the majority of turbine agitators for blending. it is convenient to establish a1 to 10 scale to cover this velocity range and to establish turbine performance criteria within thisscale of agitation, (SOA). The division of Chemineer seale is too elaborate and others have found it convenient to reduce the givem below : Do Mild Moderate Vigorous Violent It is further Mila = Moderate range to 3 or 4 seales of ugitation as CHENINEER BLEND TINE (Sec) SCALE WATER UL © 0.25 300-600 600-2200 3 120-300 300-600 45, 60-180 180-420 9 <60 60-120 qualified as follows : Non-critical blending operation Storage or holding tanks Feed tanks Ratio of maximum viscosity to minimum viscosity not to exceed 10:1 for mixtures greater than 0.3 Pas. Difference in specific gravity of components does not exceed 0.2 for mixtures less than 0.3 Pas, Fluid surface barely in motion. Bulk velocity © 4m/min, Adequate for most mixing operations Make-up tanks Reaction tanks Blend Tanks Ratio of maximum viscosity componnnts to minimum vistosity components does not exceed 50:1 for mixtures greater than 0.1 Pas. Difference in Specific Gravity of components does not exceed 0.4 for mixtures less than 9.3 Pas.- Fluid surface in strong motion, - Bulk velocity © 6m/min - Settling velocity of trace solids 0.6-1.2 m/min. Vigowous - Critical mixing operation - Reactors - Most Heat transfer - “Vessels with feed back control of pH or other process parameters, - Ratio of maximum viscosity component to minimum viscosity component does not exceed 500;1 for any mixture, = Difference in specific gravity of componente doe not exceed 0.6 for mixtures less than 0.3 Pas. : = Fluid surface in rolling boil - Bulk density = 8-10 m/min. ~ Settling velocity of Trace Solids 0.6-1.2 m/min. Violent = Special critical application. Select 'xt D/T) ratio from the range 0.25 - 0.5, higher ratio being used for higher SoA. Work out D. Select scale of agitation for given fluid characteristics and bkending time. Using bulk velocity for above SoA, pumping capacity Qb can be worked out, Apply following correction factor to workout required pumping capacity v/T Correction Factor, FD 0.50 1693 0.40 i 1.25 0.35 dead 0.30 1.00 0.25 0.95 nceTORQUE (IN _N.M.) BLENDING SELECTION CHART- 1 VISCOSITY 0-1 Pa-S 40,00 4 3 25 20,00 Ly s LS yA 10,00 —t i a 7 ‘ spo 4 ITH wg 2 2,50 2 1s eke 1,00 3 LA ; 3 2 BS Le - so 421s Le 25 aa 0 ¥5 m2 6 6789 +S 2530 & 6789 4m} 8m3 20m? Om? 80m?_— 200m? 400m? EQUIVALENT VOLUMES (m3)BLENDING SELECTION CHART — It VISCOSITY : 0:25 Pa-S 40,00 a 20,00 1 @ 000, : 2 ; = ‘ 2] 5,00 z ‘ oa cy 8) 2,50 g 2 2 5 s 1s 1,00 2 i ; é e 50 ‘ 3 25 2 % 7 6789 ry TS 3) « €769 ; 4m 8m? 20m? = 40m? 80m? 200m? 400m? EQUIVALENT VOLUMES ( m? )Required pumping capacity yb x FD. Belect nearest 'D' from pumping capacity tables and read impeller RPM corresponding to required pumping capacity. Read motor KW/ from power tables for above N&D. Correct it for proximity and gravity. Check if above sizing meets the requirements of min, torque read from graph I or Il. Inerease D and reduce N. Recalculate P, The following table provides a quick reference for selection of mixer mechanism, It is assumed that all the applications are in turbulast range, However, it is advisable to check value of NRe. When NRe .>10%, it is NOTE turbulent region, NRe 16.67 Dp? Ne Sogh a (32)SIMPLE BLENDING ~ TYPICAL SELECTION CHART Viscosity [2.2 340 35 1.0 WS 5-0 TANK DIA.-M Pa.s 262 3.0 365 4.0 “45. 540 LIQUID LEVEL-M 20 35 50 75 100 TANK VOL.=™? aur | tue | ip | isup | 2up Sipser elas 96 rpm | 96 RPM| 72 RPM| 58 RPM| 58 ReEM| 58 RPM | N 0.10 aup | 2up | 2uP | 3 HP sup [7.5 HP }P | sopppate 96 RPM| 96 RPM| 72 RPM| 72 RPM| 72 RPM| 58 RPM |N lesup{ gue | 3uP | sup | 7,5 uP} 15 HP |P | vcoRous 96 RPM | 96 RPM|58 RPM| 58 RPM | 72 RPM| 72 RPM |N rup | inp [iss up| 2 uP aup [sup [P| wip ——— 96 rpm | 96 RPM| 72 RPM| 58 RPM | 58 RPM| 58 RPM |W 0.25 pup | 2up | sup | sup | 7.5 HP {10 uP {P| woperare 96 rpm | 96 RPM| 72 RPM| 72 RPM | 58 RPM | 58 RPM |N zup | sup | sup [zesue | isuplisur [P| yconous 96 rpm] 96 RPM | 72 RPM| 58 RPM | 72 RPM |72 RPM |W EQUALISATION BASIN : This basin needs special treatment because of large size, less depth and unbaffled flow pattern, ‘The retention time is of the order of B hours. Take se@tling rate for solids as 0.6 m/min, Since discharge is through overflow, minimum superficial velocity required = 4m/min. Use D/T = 0.08 to = 30 minutes. = V/30 0?/miny 0.31 to workout N from equation (11) and 0:72 to workout motor KW from equation Hence pumping capacity required Use Na Np (6) simplified as follows + Pos Npxw™ KW evThe minimum power required for blending is yiven by following equation :- 1.25 Power in KW = Volume (thousand cu.m) x 105xt = (34) From equation (16) & (17) v= Tox W/t, or To = */to 0 to = 30 min., Use To = 12 -I6 Hence t = 6 to 8Hrs, 2. RAPID MIXING :- It is beter designed by Velocity Gradient method. £q.(15) gives the relationship between power, volume and Velocity Gradient. For Flash Mixer G = 400 ~ 1000 For Flocculators G = 100- 400 Belect the G value on following basis, if not specified. Flash Mixers = G 2600 x t7Or8S ce A Herd Flocculators = G = 200,000/t ce taeesia a: NOTE: 1. For Flash Mixers © To = 145 2. For Flocculators) —W/Te = 0.35 = 0.4 & tip speed not to exceed 150 mfmin. + Select & from following table s- Temp. a Temp. a Temp. a -3 “3 3 °c x10) °c x10 °c x10) 2 1.73 ql 1.27 aL 0.98 2 1.67 12 1.24 22 0.96 3 1.62 13 1.20 23 0.94 4 1657 14 1.37 24 0.91 5 L652 15 aes 23 0.89 6 1.47 16 deat 26 0.87 7 1.43 17 1.08 27 0.85 8 1239 18 1-06 23 0.84 9 1635 19 1.03 29 0.82 10 1.31 20 1.00 30 0.803. BLENDING & SOLIDS SUSPENSION Jel SLUDGE MIXING 1 (2) Catculate Qo = fo xv xA/t (te in min) &Qs = Uwxa (2) Q@ = Higher of the two Qb & Qse (3) Select D/T from following chart. ?~ $ Solids Sp.Gre| te tr T To 1,5-6 m| 7-12m/13-22 m 2 1.0 0.002] 0.3 [0.18 | 0.13 15 4 1.0 0.005] 0.3 [0.18 | 0.13 16 6 lel 0.010 0.3 0.19 O.14 17 8 lel 0.020 0.31, [0.19 O.14 17 10 lel 0.036] 0.32 |o.20 | o6 38 12 1.2 0.058] 0.34 Jo.20 | 0.16 18 a4 1.2 0.10 | 0.35 Jo.21 | 0.27 20 16 1.2 0.16 0.37 10.21 0.17 25 18 1.2 0.24 0.38 [0.22 0.18 Ph 20 1.2 0.31 | 0.39 |o.23 | 0.19 ho 22 13 ota | 0.40 lo.24 | 0.19 48 Ny Galeulate ampeller rpm from equation (11) 5. Determine KW from power tables and calculate torque, 6. If torque is less than that in following table, increase impeller dia and decr@ase speed. Recalcukate power, y Torque/m? Usv. fv. Torque/m?| Wav. (m?) | Geéem) a/min. | (m?) (igs om) 15 100 39 230 85 943 23 | 100 3-9 | 300 85 343 30 100 349 400 85 360 40 | 100 326 f 750 70 2.7 75 90 366 1500 70 ah 150 90 3.6 2300 60 1.8362 LIME PREPARATION This is a special application in the sense that large grit particles are allowed to settle while fine particles are suspended, It involves reduction of surface are of particles. Criteria for design + & Solids = 10 ~ 20% Sp. Gravity of solids 3.4 for Lime stone(caco.) = 2.25 for Lime (Ca0H,) D/T = 0.3 = 0.35 Superficial velocity = 8 -10 m/min. Min. torque = 250 Kg. em/m? Use 32° pitched blade turbine. Procedure will be similar to the one used for solids suspension given below. ; Impellers to be at D/3 from tank bottom. Use 15° conical tank bottom. SOLIDS SUSPENSION For all solids suspension operation, it is necessary to achieve a flow regime in the tank which will provide velocities of flow at the remote portions of the tank which are sufficient to overcome the terminal velocity of fall of heaviest and largest solid particles. Pitched blade turbines or propellers produce adequate suspension at lower power input. TE seetling velocity is less than 0.3 m/min, the problem of suspension is more like a blending operation When concentration of solids is high, however, the slurry may develop non-Newtonian properties and must be treated accordingly.ac) soup > Be>. ° 35% 100% 1 soups As can be seen from the graph, torque per unit volume decr@ases with increase in % solids upto 35%. Beyond that there is a rise in torque requirement and becomes infinite with solids bed, This happens because beyond 35% solids concentration, it becomes a hindered settling and nett settling velocity of solids approaches zero. it is eoonomical to dilute the slurry to 35% solids if process allows, when % solids are high. Tie levels of solids suspension found most useful in process services range from low value where the solid particles are incompletely suspended to high value where slurry is practically homogeneous, Differing solids suspension levels are shown in figures below. Unsattled Fillets Particles swept Solids art on Tank Bottom: iolt Vessel Bottom. homogeneously Degree of Susp Degree of SHSP chistes buted 6 1 ea eteDEGREE OF susPENsroN (pos): * | GQ) (2) (6) Complete motion on tank bottom : All the particles off the bottom except heaviest ones rolling around the tank bottom. Complete off-bottom suspension : All the porticles are 100% suspended and all are moving up off the tank bottom. Surface liquid may be clear. Sufficient solids suspension uniform atleast upto Y3rd of fluid batch height. Hence suitable for slurry draw-off near bottom or through a stand pipe. Complete uniformity : This means 97% to 98% suspension uniformitye Hence it is suitable for slurry drawwost by means of overflow. The height to which solids are suspended is the deciding design criteria, It may be based on one or more particle size fraction, where all particle of that size are completely off-bottom, suspended to a certain height in the tank, With mixtures of different settling velocities, each particle size fraction can be assigned a different specification of suspension. (1) As the terminal velocity is the desired response, determine the same from Chart f III, Decide the desired level of suspension. In most of the cases, it will be either 3 or 6, Asa -thumbomrtemse—3 Sorcbettemstinekersetui, Asa thumb rule use 3 for bottom discharge and 6 for top discharge. Te superficial velocity = settling velocity x degree of suspension (35) on Usv= Ux Dos Hence Qs = Usv xa Correct Ys for D/T, HT/T using chart # 1V and v. For 'D! use following correction factor so that agitalion effect is felt uniformly by all solids. era) &. DSIGV UIVsNe YUNIN HLIM ~ AdVHS WOIINSHdS YO WIIGND 40 Sai10S 4O4 NIN] “ALIDOTSA ONTILIGS te cn o9rser ty ot of yt gg suzrgee o4 603.0 £9 go, 670 ‘SBHONI LE6C002 Wut | £20 $9] SNOUDIW COO! = WWI SYOLIVs NOISYFANOD 002 z z {| =| reco a4 H aoe =] oso set 007 8 00s aa 790 ez 009 =| > oon =| 3) eo oz + ove = 006 ele 7a 00 < 4 x) 4 ” 6 4 a4 vA 3 = 0002 &| Bez 84 a ooot set 94 i 7 000» 9 74 : jeeyay- 000s fL9 t Ot =6-ds 0009 "S87 1000) = 3S Wi aaae : 0008 ww azis am tt + I 0006 ONINSdO SBN 009'0 : HS3N 0 UBTAL eIMPELLER SIZING CHART~ VI ONLY FOR GUIDANCE c. SELECT IMPELLER a Chart below gives guidance relative to approximate diameter to use. Final impeller selection wil be Srrived et follewang normal trial and error approach, and realities of practical mechanical designot mixer. ee See oe toe ee oe 1 2g ea pee VARIATION OF APPROXIMATE OPTURUM, 3% 10% me OE PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF SOLIDSidyd¥ > “coNlgwnd t [y MNVE: OF ua T3gHI: 40 MINOSE ONIdhind--3AUW Tay900 Leah $000 1200 ay 9000 2800 12000 2400 de 15000 3040 2ehg 13000 3500 1.37 22000 43500 1.65 30000 e 6000 1.78 ooo Use following minfmum suspension requirement factor if it is larger than one selected before. 0.20% 20-30% By 33% Free solids solids solids solids settling velocityrm/min, (dindered _ -—setuling), it(2 (3) 4) (5) (6) Note + Sys = 2.0 settling vel. = min,0.6 m/min, = Above 38% it is hindered settling. Corrected Qs qs ox PR x Pox FD Select X = D/T = 0.25 = 0.45 Work out D from xX Select N from pumping table for Qs & D nearest to one calculated above. Find out Motor Kw from power:. table, correcting it for sp.gravity of slurry, worm gear efficiency and proximity. Promimity correction factor is given in Ghart # VII. NOTE : If laboratory data is available, power requirement can be checked by saale-up from lab. results. The criteris for scale-up is power per unit volw ee For hindered settling it is advisable to run, lab, tests.CHART - (VII) PROXIMITY CORRECTION FACTOR FOR SINGLE IMPELLERS ( PBT _ONLY ) 20 118 6 ry Viz 7410 1-08 1-06 1-06 102 60 2 £ 3 8 3 2 3 Te 1 T He x eS x x (0/9) WO1L08 340 Su¥aL3nvIG u3aT3un! CORRECTION FACTORS POWER(0) NOTE + Pe. 2 the degree of suspension can be 3. Settling velocity 1» 2.0 m/min, Hence superficial velocity of 6m/min. ia in order. Power consumption can be worked out using equation (30). (Take x = 0.25 and Ub = 6). Since ve do not have design for propellers, we have to use 32° pitched blade turbine, Since Sp.Gravity of solids is high, use D/T = 0.35 - 0.4, Use stand pipe. Hence degree of suspension required = 3. Take C= 3D. Superficial velocity = 6 m/min. Discharge is always from top. Draft tube can not be used because it requires axial flow propeller. Surface Aerator : The Lightning design io similar to one used by DO-Brazil. But we do not know the blade width and submergence. Since blades are totally submerged, submergence is not very critical for interpretation of data. It seems the Blades in lightning design are wider than what we ui Hence Np and Nq are higher than we use for unbaffled tanke. Critical dataie G = D D/T = 0.15 - 0.25 | (7 49 minimum circle of influence). Flotation celle aun can be analysed using principles given in|this manual. It has a square tank which can be treated as baffled tank and solids suspension is done by means of air, Hence power is required to keep solids in movement at the bottom. Initial power is more whan air is not flowing. Impeller has to Perform additional duty of dispersing air. Hence stator 1 provided. Power requirement is reduced when air te put on.EXISTING DESIGN In appendix A, B, C & D the data on existing design of agitators and that of competitors design are presented. Q) (8) (c) Flash Mixers are low power machines. ‘The turbin. used are 4-blade Rushton type, We shall continue to use this design. ‘The velocity gradient works out to be 450 - 950, being emaller for larger sizes. Tt being a rapid mixing machines, no. of turn-over To = t/to = 1.5. Hence to = 6-12 secs. This 4s too rapid, Hence velocity gradient concept is appropriate, Pr; of solide can be ignored, (1) Causticizers + Percentage solids are TH10%5 Most of the solids are lime, (s.¢ = 394). The discharge is always from top. Hence uniform @ixing ie e tial, Asoune settling velocity = 1 m/min, Hence superficial velocity © 5-6 m/min, Use C/D = 0.75 and D/T = 0,25 - 0.35 (41) Dregs Mixers ¢ Percentage solids are 1 1, but particle sizes can be ae large as 3 mm, Te discharge 1s at the dott Large particles will go as grit but enesion upto 200 microns can be considered, Assume settling velocity than = 2m / min, Hence superficial velocity shall be 6 to 7.5 m/min, Use ¢C/D = 0.5 and D/T = 0.3 - 0.4 Conditioners + Denver has designed them using square pitch propellers and a draft tube circulator, Though Nq = 0.785 and superficial velocaty = 24 ft/min, in actual practice the value will be 0.6 and 18 ft/min, Since atand pipe is provided, ieeeAPPENDIX’. A FLASH MIXBR - WITH RUSHTON TURBINE 1 wu Read. nr B_ |HoToR OL. Te_| Powe | Gal 196 | 15 | 128. | 0.49 | 1.18 | 3/! 115 | 16 [128 | 0.46| 1.03 | 1 a72|_16 [aza [0.46 | 4637 | 1 278 | 22 71-| 0686 | toon | 1 368 | 22.5577 0686 | ¥226 | 1 478 | 30; |~to-+ on55| tait | 2 sus{ 92° | sa | 0.55) 1,08 | 2 150| 32° |e | owe | o.an| 2° [4136| 34 | 4g | 0,65| 0,96 | 2 Fu-10] 1586| so | 36 | 0.8§| 0.82) 2 10.0 |rme11{7*~3"| 98.3) 72 | 1968] 43 |—s6%} o-bs| 0.73 | 3 12.0 | mn-ta| a¢-o*] 108.5] 72 | 2397| se | 36 | 0.44] 0.66 | 5 15.0 | Mmo13] 809°] 112 sh _| 3057] 48 | 36 | 0.43] 5 20.0 | PHe14| 9t-o8| 119 96 | 4252| 52 | 36 | 0.48} 0,80 | 7-5 25.0 | FM-15| 9°-6"| 129 96 | 5415| 56 | 36 | 0-43| 0.74 |10 | 30.0 | rm-16) 94-9"! 13242/ 108 | 6416/ 56 | 36 | 0,42] 0.81 | 10 | +e Rabtonatioed §; Hs . peed betas, Be An yh | * Modified ei 2 Bs D { Retention Tim # 10-20 Secs. one testo Semele No. of blades = 4 | Date ie extrapolated ALL tanks-equare unbaffled cross flow. Worm gear eff. = 0.7 FLASH MIXER DIMENSIONAL a. DATADRBG MIXERS & GAUSTICIZERS = -MIXCO CURVED BLADE TURBINE APPENDIX ©! aa T anc Lxqura| raxx [amr fame | pe eat ieee | aaa SI2B | DIA EPTH | VOL SPBED|DIA . T Tt D powss | C No. | F*. ue GAL N rpa) pe NU HP v Ve 4B 48 375 425 18 4 0.41 | 1,00 O65 145 [2 | se} se saz} _t25 718 4 | o.33| 0.8 | o.5 | 165 i] 9 | 72 | 48 | es | 68 | 30 5 | o,2| 0,67 | 015 | 3 | 4 q2_| 60 | 1057 | “68 | 30 5 | o.42| 0.83 | o-5 | 3 sL5 eh | 60 | 1438 | 68 | 30 5 | 0,96| 0.71 | os | 3 : : g 6 su | 72 | 1726| 68 | 34 | 4 | 0.40} 0.66 | 0-5 | 5 1 96 | 72 | 2255| 68 | 34 4 | 0.35| 0-75 | 5 | 5 8 96 | ab-| 2630| 3% | 34 w | 0695] over] 0.5 | 765 6 62 60 1057 425, 22 5 0.31| 0.83 0.95| 3 aC ah | 12 | 1726| 125 | 22 a | 0.26] 0.66 | 1.134 3 a 8 96 84 ~|-2630 | 100 | 28 & 0.29| 0.87 | 1-074 5 LS 108: | _96--} 3805 | 100 | 28 4 | 0,26| ose] M4 | 3Lt0 1z0 | 108 | 5285 | 100 | 30 ‘5 0,25] 0.90 | 16234. 7-5 S[aa_[ 132 | veas'[ 6a94 | 100 | 30 | 5 [9-23 | 082 4.234 7-5 | i2__| a4 o10 | 68 | Mt 4 | 0.28] 0.75 | 0-95 | 10 15 | 180 | 108 frra90| 668 | 4H. | 5 0.24| 0-6 | O92] 15 . “ woo ep Sie Oy Worm gear eff = 0.76 to 0.8 Projected Length 0.21 to 0.28 0.17 to 0.22 1.24 to 1.27 |_PRBPAKSD BY _ DATS PHAPAKBD BY CAMMPIEIZERS & DKEG MIXER DIMENSIONAL DATAr CAPACITY D/T wp BeVe MOTOR Na i Bp ft/aip 785 | 0.33] onze | 42 1 . | 0.25| 0.92 | 2h 165 | * * [[ensz7]_ 2% 2 7 +o, 2h a “ 0,29] 0.918 31 3 . 0.25] 0.918] 24 See . * [o.e76] 24 15 . + | o.s25| | 24 10 10.778 = 0.84 a 15 jo.705| * | o.o26| 2 20 * = 10.916] 24 25° bd be | o, 894) 2h 30° | Ze i L [25% SoLids (Particle 30 = «665 mesh Sp. Gr. of solids = 2.7 leq. Paton Propetier ( P=0) \Tip epeed = 3200 FPN MRe = 300 - 600 DIMENSIONING DATA FOR ‘ ee CONDITIONER 5SURFACK AERATORS - 45° PITCHED BLADE TURBINS (LIGHTNIN ) APPENDIX - D joues | PMP) mr one) na [etme pl faren| | Toven| * a4 ee eee NPL T eer s ae GPM DY | Nrpm Eid 3 Ww 4B 56 O41 180 5] 16 [| 54 | 56 | o.42 | 240 8 | 20 | 60 56 | 0.38 | 240 wo.| 23 | 60 56 | 0,44 | 300 15 | 30 | 66 56 | 0.43 | 300 _ 2% a4 | 72 56 | 0.38 | 360 25 | 42 | 72 56 | 0.46 | 420 30 aT 12 56 | 0.52| 420 36 | 0,86 | b80 [0.16 | a4. |. wo | 53 | 78 L. ad 72 go aS 0651 54O | 0,17 60 | 79 | 9% Z 45 = 600 45 0.45 600 } ms.| 92 | 102 100_| 109] 120 37_| 0.39 | 660 | 0.18 |120 | average Np = 1 Wnknova - Dw/D +06 Helical gear box eff = 0.95 Average NQ = 0044 Dilution by air is not considerba = Sub mergence Andividval 41 Submergence = 3/4" to 6" No baffles. eller PREPARED BY + DIMENSIONAL CHAXT FOR DATE + SURFACE ABRATORCONVERSION FACTORS Multiply Cubic feet 0. Cubic inches Gentipoise Feet °. Feet/sec™ ° Poot. Pounds ° 1. Feot/min o Peet/sec ° Foot. Pounds/sec Gallon (U.S.) Gallon (Imp) 1 Horse Power ° Inche: 2 25 Kilowatte 2 MoD 2. Pound (force) 4 Pound (Mass) 0. Pound/asqeinches 70: 689: Pounds/eu.inches Pounds/cu.feet 2 Sq-feet/sec. Micron = 15000/Mesh. ay 102832! 16.39 10 +3048, +3048 +1383 +3560 +3048 +3048 1.9360'x 107 307850 x 107? 22 2746 5h 240 234 0627 0456 +453, Fed 3-0 6.893 2.768 x-10 6.02 0.0929 3 a4 To_get cube metre Cubic centimetre Pascal seconds Metres Metre/sec” Kilogram, Metre Newton. Metre Metre/min. Motre/acce Kilevatt Cubte Metre U.S, Gallon Kilowatt Contimetre Millimetre Horse fower Cube Metre/min Newton Kilogram Kilogram, 9q.cm Nevton/sa.m Kilo Pascal Kilogram/cu.metre Ki logram/cu.metre Sq-m/aee.2. 3. 4 10, ll. 12. 13. KEFERANCES, MIXING - Principles and Applications Shiryji Nagata ~ John Wiley and Sons (1975) MIXING - Principles and Application of Fluid Agitation J,R, Bourne, J.¥. Oldshue and RN, Sharma. New Concept in Mixing - Bulletin B-550-1 of Mixing Equipment Cov, U.S.A, (1969) Mixing - Theorey and Practice. Vol 1 and II Vincent W.Un] and Joseph B Gray, Academic Press (1969) Series of 12 articles on Liquid'Agitation published in Chemical Engineering between Dec. 1975 and Dec. 1976. Technical Bulietin of Denver, Lightnin. Machine Design, Dec. 1961. Power Characteristics of Mixing Impellers. J.H, Rushton et al. Themical Engineering Progress ~ Vol. 46 No. 8 and 9 i Chemical Engineer's Hand Book ~ Sth Edition Robert H Parry and Cecil H Chilton. 924 to 9-12, McGrawHill Book Co. (1973). Liquid Mixing and Processing Stirred Tanks. F,A, Holand and F,S, Chazman, Reinhold Pyblication (1966). Mixing Technology and Rheology. Dr. V.V, Chavan et al ‘ Mixing Equipment Manufacturing Co. (1983). Fluid Mixing Technology. James Y Oldshue McGraw Hill Book Co. (1983) Technical Manuals Phiadelphia Gear Manufacturing Co. (1981). saeeenee