Exercise 2: Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams

1. What are the relationships for the partial free energies G i (x ) for a ternary mixing phase
with
3
G ( x) xi G i ( x) ?
i 1

2. For the Enthalpy of a binary mixing phase

H mix X A H A X B H B (2,4 1,6 X B ) X A X B kJmol 1

Calculate H A and H A for XB=0.5. H A will depend on H A .

3. Sketch a series of (G/X) curves that would produce a maximum in an ( + L) two-phase

field.

4. Sketch a series of (G/X) curves for 4 different temperatures that will produce a peritectic
phase diagram in which both solid phases are the same phase form, , so that the solid-solid
two-phase field is a miscibility gap. Draw it in such a way that the phase diagram is below the
corresponding (G/X) diagram.

5. Using the Si-Ti phase diagram (in the lecture notes):

a) - make a list of all phases (note: a two-phase-region is not a phase!)
- write down which phases are stoichiometric and which are non-stoichiometric
- indicate which are stable and which are not stable
- on the diagram, label all two-phase regions with the names of the two phases
- list all three-phase equilibria (on the diagram or on paper), indicate the
temperature and composition, and indicate which type they are (e.g. eutectic)

b) Assume you have a liquid Si-Ti alloy at 2000 K with 30% Ti (molar fraction 0.3).
(i) If you reduce the temperature to 1700 K, which two phases do you have, and
how much do you have of each?
(ii) If the temperature is next reduced to 1500 K, which phases are present and
how much of each?

6. What happens to the temperature and pressure when a system experiences a phase
transformation?

7. What is meant by a metastable equilibrium and can you find that in the phase diagram?

8. What is meant by thermodynamic potentials? Give an example of one.