16.6 Arrangement of feed water and condensate piping 16. A 3) Feed water pipes are not to pass trough fuel oil or Fubrcatng ol anks, by Pipes connected 0 feed water tanks are to be so arranged a to prevent the contamination of feed water by fue! ol, lubricating oi or chlorides 16.7 Arrangement of feed water system for shell type exhaust gas heated ‘economizer 167.1. Every shell type exhaust gas heated economizer, that may be isolated ftom the steam piping system, isto be provided with arrangements for precheating and. e-nera tion, addition of water treatment or combination thereo! to control the quality of feed water to within the manufac ‘urer's recommendations 17 Compressed air systems 171 Application ATAA This Article applies to compressed air systems intended for essential services, and in parcula to: + stating of engines, + control and monitoring 17.2 Principle 17.21 General 3) As a rule, compressed air systems are tobe so designed that the compressed air delivered tothe consumers + is free from ol and water, as necessary + does not have an excessive temperature, 1) Compressed air systems are to be so designed as to pre: vent overpressure in any part of the systems 3) Compressed aie systems are to be so designed that, in the event of failure of one aie compressor of one air receiver infended for starting, control purposes or other ‘essential services, the air supply t such services can be ‘maintained. The filing connections of the compressed air receivers shall be ited with non-return valve bb) The compressed air system for starting the main and uniliary engines isto be arranged so that the necessary initial charge of staring air can be developed on board ship without external aid. for this purpose, an emer gency air compressor or an electnc generator = Fequited, these units are to be powered by a handstar- ing ol engine ora hand-operated compressor. 9 Where compressed ait is necessary to restore propa: sion, the attangements for bringing main and auxiliary machinery into operation are to have capacity such that the starting energy and any power supplies for engine PtC, Ch 1, Sec 10 ‘operation are available within 30 minutes of a dead ship condition. For definition of the “dead ship condition’, see Ch 1, Sec 1, (1.4.5) and Ch 2, Sec 1, [3.16.1 The procedure for such condition and relevant calcula: tion isto be submited. dd) Whete the compressed ait is necessary fr the air whis. the or other safety services, its to be available from two. compressed air receivers. At least one of them is 10 be starting air receiver for main engines. The separate con- rection, dedicated for this purpose, isto be provided directly Frorn the compressed ai main, 17.3 Design of starting ir systems 13 A. Air supply for starting the main and auxiliary engines a} The total capacity of the compressed air available for starting purpose 1 to be sullicient to provide, without replenishment, not les than 12 consecutive starts al rating between ahead and astern of each main engine of the reversible type, and not less than 6 consecutive starts of each main non-teversible type engine con nected to a contvallable pitch propeller or other device enabling the stat without opposite torque, The number of starts refers to the engine in cok and ready-to-start condition (all the driven equipment that ceannat be disconnected isto be taken into account A greater number of starts may be required when the engine is in warm running condition, A least 3 consecutive stars is to be possible for each engine driving electric generators andl engines for other purposes, The capacity ofa staring system serving two Dr mote ofthe above specified purposes isto be the sum ofthe capacity requirements 1) For multi-engine propulsion plants, the capacity of the staring ait receivers isto be sufficient to ensure atleast 3 consecutive starts per engine. However, the total Capacity is not to be less than 12 starts and need not exceed 18 stars, Regardless of the above, for any other specific installa Aion the numberof starts may be specially considered by the Saciety and depending upon the arrangement ofthe engines and the transmission of their output tothe peo pellersin each particular case. 17.8.2 Number and capacity of alr compressors a}, Where main and auxiliary engines are arranged for start ing by compressed air, wo oF more air Compressors are to be fited with a total capacity sufficient to supply within one hour the quantity of ar needed to satisfy the provisions of [17.3.1]. charging the receivers from atmospheric pressure, This capacity is t0 be approxi- mately equally divided between the number of com pressors ited, excluding the emergency compressor fied in pursuance of item ¢} below. by At leat one of the compressors isto be independent of the engines for which starting air is supplied and is to have a capacity of not less than 50% of the total required in item a) saya una er 259PLC, Ch1, Sec 10, ©) Where, forthe purpose of 17.2.2), an emergency aircon pressar is ite, this unis to be poser driven by internal Combustion engine, electric motor of steam engine. Suitable hand starting arrangement or independent lec trical staring batteries may be accepted. Inthe case of small installations, a hand-operated compressor of approved capacity may be accepted 17.3.8 Number and capacity of alr receivers. 3), Where main engines are arranged for starting by com- pressed ait, atleast two air receivers ate to be fied of approximately equal capacity and capable of being used independently. by The totl capacity of air recewers ie to be sufficient to provide without replenishment the number of starts required in [17.3.1]. When other users such as auxiliary engine staring systems, conta systems, whiste, ete are connected tothe stating air receivers, heir ait con- sumption i also to be taken inta account, Compressed air receivers are to comply with the requirements of Ch, See 3 17.3.4 Air supply for staring the emergency generating set Where stating air arrangement is one of two independent means of starting tequited in Ch 1, Sec 2, 3.1.3) for the emergency generator, the fllawing is to be complied with 3) The starting air atangement isto include a compressed air vessel, storing the energy dedicated only for stating of the emergency generator, The capacity of the come pressed air available for starting purpose isto be sutfi= Cent to provide, without replenishment, atleast three by The compressed air stating systems may be maintained by the main or auxiliary compressed air recovers ‘through 2 non-return valve fitted in the emergency gen- erator space, oF by an emergency ar compressor which, if electrically driven, is supplied from the emergency switchboard 1) Alofthese starting, charging and energy storing devices are to be located in the emergency generator space and is not to be used for any purpose other than the opera tion of the emergency generating set, 17.4 Design of contro! and monitoring air systems 7A. Air supply 3) The conttol and monitoring aie supply to essential serv iees isto be available irom two sources of a sulficient Capacity to allow normal operation with one source out of service by Atleast one air vessel fited with 9 non-return valve i (0 be dedicated for control and monitoring purposes, unless the installation is provided with local independ ent mechanical contol and a means for communication ‘withthe wheelhouse is permanently fited at position of local conto. For notation AUT, see also PLF, Ch 3, Sec 4, (5.2.2) 260 sree ©) Pressure reduction units used in control and monitoring air systems intended for essential services are to be duplicated, unless an alkesnatie ai supply is provided {Failure ofthe contol air supply is not to cause any sud den change of the controlled equipment which may be detrimental tothe safety ofthe ship 17.42. Pressure control Arngements ate to be made to mainiain the ar pressure al 8 suitable value in order to ensure satisfactory operation of the installation 1743 Airtreatment In addition to the provisions of (17.8.3), arrangements are to be made to ensure cooling, itering and drying of the aie prior to is introduction in the monitoring and contol cir cuits 175 Design of air compressors 175.1 Prevention of excessive temperature of discharged air Ar compressors are to he so designed that the temperature of discharged air cannot exceed 95°C, For this purpose, the air compressors are to provided where necessary with + suitable cooling means + fusible plugs or alarm devices set ‘exceeding 120°C, 3 temperature not 1752 Prevention of overpressure 3) Aircompressors are tobe fited with a relief valve come plying with (2.5.3) bb) Means are to be provided to prevent overpressure whe ‘ever water jackets or casings of air compressors may be Subjected to dangerous overpressure due to leakage fom air pressure parts ©) Water space casings of intermediate coolers of air com- pressors are t9 be protected against any overpressure ‘which might oceur inthe event of type of air cooler tubes, 175.3 Crankease rellet valves Ait compressors having a crankease volume of at least, 0,6 m are to be fitted with crankcases explosion relief values satistying the provisions of Ch 1, See 2, [2.3.4 1754. Provision for draining [Air compressors are tobe fited witha drain valve. 17.6 Control and monitoring of compressed air systems 176.1 Monitoring Alarms and safeguards are to be provided for compressed air systems in accordance with Tab 34 Note 1: Some departures fram Tab 34 may be accepted By the Society inthe case of shine with a escted navigation notation,PtC, Ch 1, Sec 10 34 : Compressed alr systoms. ‘Symbol convention Raomate con MeHigh, HH High high, G-= group alam santorin =low, U=Lowlow, | =individuat alam | Monenre X= function is required, R= remote System Asailary Slows) Sa Bland Identification of system parameter avaum | taaion | So" ] SM | contot | SUM | sop ‘Compressor lubricaling oll pressure excepl where T splsh lubrication) Air pressure after reducing valves iH ‘Starting ar pressure before main shall valve v lr venel presare T (Remote indication is required if staring of ir compressor ave remote convelled, fom wheelhouse for ample 176.2. Automatic controls 17.85. Protective devices for starting air mains Automatic pressure contol ist be provided for maintain ing the air presse in the air receivers within the roquited Hints 17.7 Materials 17.7.1 Pipes and valve bodies in contol and monitoring air system and in other ai systems intended for non-escenbial services may he made of plastic in accordance with the pro- Visions of Ch 1, App 3 17.8 Arrangement of compressed air piping systems 17.8.1 Prevention of overpressure Suitable pressure relief arrangements are to be provided for all ystems 17.82 Air supply to compressors 2) Provisions are to be made to reduce to a minimum the teniry of el into air pressure systems. by Air compressors are to he located in spaces provided with suficient ventilation 1783 Airtreatment and draining 3) Provisions are be made to dra ar pressure systems. by ficient oil and water separators, or filters, are to be provided on the discharge of compressors, and drains fre to be installed on compressed alr pipes Wherever ‘deemed necessay. 17.8.4. Lines between compressors, receivers a engines All discharge pipes from starting alr compressors are to be lead directly to the stating air receivers, and all stating pipes from the air receivers to main or auxiliary engines are ta be entirely separate irom the compressor discharge pipe system. Non-return valves and other safety devices are to be pro- Vided on the starting air mains of each engine in accord ance with the provisions of Ch 1, See 2, [3.1.1 18 Exhaust gas systems 18.1 General 18.1.1. Application This Article applies to + exhaust gas pipes from engines and gas turbines + smoke ducts from oilers and incinerators. 18.1.2 Prineiph Exhaust gas systems are tobe so designed as to + limit the tisk offre ‘+ prevent gases from entering manned spaces + prevent water from entering engines 18.2 Design of exhaust systems 18.21 General Exhaust systems are to be so arranged as to minimise the intake of exhaust gases into manned spaces, air condltion- ing systems and engine intakes. 18.22. Limitation of exhaust line surface temperature a} Exhaust gas pipes and silencers are to be either water cooled of efficiently insulated where + their surface temperature may exceed 220°C, or + they pass through spaces of the ship where a tem: perature rise may be dangerous. by) The insulation of exhaust systems i to comply with the provisions of Ch 1, See 1, [3.7.1 18.23 Limitation of pressure lasses Exhaust gas systems are t© be so designed that pressure losses in the exhaust lines do not exceed the maximum vale ues permitted by the engine or boiler manufacturers. na vain 261