POZZOLANS

Natural pozzolans are silica or silica-alumina materials that by themselves have little or no cementing
value. Finely divided, in the presence of moisture, they react chemically with the portlandite at ordinary
temperature for the compound, compounds with cementing properties.

Origins:

Natural: Trachytic Tufa. Fonolita Leuctica. Toba Rioltica. Toc Dacitica. Siliceous sedimentary rocks.
Dacitic porphyries.

Artificial: Siliceous substances or Si-Al, which reduce dust and mix with Cal, form hydraulic binders.

Chemical composition: Silica (42-66%), Alumina (14-20%), Fe2O3 (5-20%), CaO (3-10%), MgO (1-6%),
Alkalis (2-10%) and H2O (1-15%).

Occurrence: Layers of tufts with variations in thickness (lenticular) and color: On flanks of anticlines and
synclines. Associated with plaster layers and other sales. Interbedded sandstones, clays, siltstones,
lenses of gravel and coarse sand. Sandwiched between tuffs. In volcanic chimneys: Dacitic porphyry, in
the afanitic volcanic, mainly by supergene alteration.

The plastic puyas have a traction or compression, they must have a resistance, not less than 48.18 Kg /
cm2.

Age and Distribution: They are derived mostly from young rocks. Piedra Pmez and others. Tertiary,
Quaternary.

In Ayacucho: Flor de Mara field (lagunillas), pacaycasa, Huanta.

In Arequipa: C colorado and pachacutec, yura. Arequipa
In Huancayo: In pyroclastic volcanic rocks.

Use: MANUFACTURE OF PUZOLANIC CEMENT (hydraulic cement). Pozzolan controls the expansive
action of sulfates, increasing the resistance of the cements and concretes that adhere to the pozzolan
because it makes them less permeable to the action of sulphate.

Pozzolans + Ca (OH) 2 ----- Water, Tambiente ----> Cements