POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

Rjeenja svih zadataka s kompletnim postupkom i uputama

1. Koristimo pravila: a a = a 2 , a a a = a 3 , a a a ... a = a n
 

n puta

Uputa: Prebrojite koliko se puta ponavlja isti faktor i taj broj stavite u eksponent:
1) 2 2 2 2 2 = 25 itamo: dva na petu
 

2 se ponavlja pet
puta pa u eksponent
piemo 5

1) 2 2 2 2 2 = 25
2) x x x = x 3
3) x y x y x z x y x x z = x x x x x x y y y z z = x 6 y 3 z 2 = x 6 y 3 z 2
grupiramo iste faktore...

( xy ) ( xy ) ( xy ) = ( xy )
3
4)
( x + y )( x + y )( x + y )( x + y ) = ( x + y )
4
5)
4
x x x x x
6) =
y y y y y
7) ( x y ) ( x + y ) ( x y ) ( x y ) ( x + y ) =
= ( x y )( x y )( x y )( x + y )( x + y ) = ( x y ) ( x + y )
3 2

3
a b a b a b a b
8) =
c c c c

2. Koristimo pravila: a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

 

n puta

1) 52 = 5 5 = 25 2) 23 = 2 2 2 = 8 3) 34 = 3 3 3 3 = 81

( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) = 1
2
4)
( 1)
na parni eksponent
=1

( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
3
5) Zakljuak:
( 1)
na neparni eksponent
= 1
( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
4
6)

( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8
3
7)
 

Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak biti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus

(x) = ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) = x4
4
8)
  

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

je produkt pozitivan broj

7
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

2. Koristimo pravila: a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

 

n puta

2
1 1 1 1
9) = =
3 3 3 9

3
3 3 3 3 27
10) = =
5 5 5 5 125

5
2 2 2 2 2 2 32
11) = =
3 3 3 3 3 3 243

2
2 2 2 22 4
12) = = =
3 3 3 3 3 9

3
2 2 2 2 222 8
13) = = =
3 3 3 3 333 27

4
3 3 3 3 3 81
14) = =
4 4 4 4 4 256

2
4 4 4 4 4 16
15) = = + =
5 5 5 5 5 25

3
4 4 4 4 444 64
16) = = =
5 5 5 5 555 125

4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 256
17) = = + =
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 625

18) 0, 22 = 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04

( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) = + 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04
2
19)

20) 0, 23 = 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 = 0, 04 0, 2 = 0, 008

( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 0, 2 0, 2 ) = 0, 008
3
21)

( 2,5) = ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = + ( 2,5 2,5 ) = 6, 25

2
22)

8 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

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POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

2. Koristimo pravila: a 2 = a a , a 3 = a a a , a n = a a a ... a

 

n puta

( 2,5 ) = ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = ( 2,5 2,5 2,5 ) = 15, 625

3
23)

24 ) ( 2,5) = ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,5 ) = + ( 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 ) = 39, 0625
4

( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) = + 1 ( 1) ( + 1) ( 1) = + 1 = 1
2 3 4 5
25)
 

Prebrojimo min use -ima

ih paran broj pa e umnoak
biti pozitivan broj

( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) = + 1 ( + 1) ( 1) = 1
20 30 45
26)

( 2) + ( 2) + ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) = 2 + 4 8 + 16 = 4 + 16 2 8 = 10
1 2 3 4
27)

28) 25 32 = 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 = 32 9 = 23

29) 34 25 = 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 = 81 32 = 49

( 2) + ( 2 ) = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 8 32 = 40
3 5
30)

2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
31) + = + = = =
4 2 4 4 2 2 2 16 8 16 16

2
32) ( 0, 2 ) + ( 0, 2 ) = ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) + ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2 ) =
2 3 2

= ( 0, 04 0, 008) = 0, 0322 = 0, 001024
2

9
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

c a + d a = (c + d ) a c a d a = (c d ) a
3. Koristimo pravila:
c an + d an = (c + d ) an c an d an = (c d ) an
5 x

1) 2 x + 3 x = ( 2 + 3) x = 5 x = 5 x ili je potpuno isti izraz...
5 x

2) x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x

ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurn iji nain:
x + 2 x + 4 x = 1x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x Dakle: x = 1x

Praksa je pokazala da velika veina aka radi istu greku: uzimate da je: x = 0 x to nije tono!!
dakle vi kada raunate u glavi greite na ovaj nain:
x + 2 x + 4 x = 6 x ili x + 2 x + 4 x = ( 0 + 2 + 4 ) x = 6 x to nije tono!!!
Jednom zauvjek treba zapamtiti x = 1x pa to u zadatku treba izgledati ovako:

x + 2 x + 4 x = 1x + 2 x + 4 x = (1 + 2 + 4 ) x = 7 x

3) 7 a 2a = ( 7 2 ) a = 5 a = 5a

4) 9 y 2 y + 3 y y = ( 9 2 + 3 1) y = 9 y = 9 y

ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:

9 y 2 y + 3 y y = 9 y 2 y + 3 y 1 y = ( 9 2 + 3 1) y = 9 y

5) 2 x + 3a x + 5a + 7 x 2a =
= 2 x x + 7 x + 3a + 5a 2a = ( 2 1 + 7 ) x + ( 3 + 5 2 ) a = 8 x + 6 a = 8 x + 6a

6) 2 xy + 3 xy + xy = ( 2 + 3 + 1) xy = 6 xy

7) 2ab 4ab + ab = ( 2 4 + 1) ab = 1 ab = ab

8) 4 xy 2 + 2 xy 2 9 xy 2 = ( 4 + 2 9 ) xy 2 = 3 xy 2 = 3 xy 2

9) y + 3x 2 y 4 z 5 x 2 y 2 y + 8 z 3 y + 8 x 2 y =
= y 2 y 3 y + 8z 4 z + 3x 2 y 5 x2 y + 8 x2 y =
= (1 2 3) y + ( 8 4 ) z + ( 3 5 + 8 ) x 2 y =
= 4 y + 4 z + 6 x2 y =
Ovo je potpuno isti izraz
= 4 y + 4z + 6x2 y

10 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

c a + d a = (c + d ) a c a d a = (c d ) a
3. Koristimo pravila:
c an + d an = (c + d ) an c an d an = ( c d ) an

10) 7 xy 3 2 xy 3 + 4 xy 3 = ( 7 2 + 4 ) xy 3 = 9 xy 3 = 9 xy 3

( ) ( ) ( ) (
11) 2 x 2 y 3 x 2 + y = ( 2 3) x 2 + y = 1 x 2 + y = x 2 y )
12) 3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) ( x + y ) = ( 3 + 4 1) ( x + y ) = 6 ( x + y )
ili taj isti zad atak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:
3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) ( x + y ) = 3 ( x + y ) + 4 ( x + y ) 1( x + y ) =
= ( 3 + 4 1) ( x + y ) =
= 6( x + y)

13) 5 x 2 y 3 + 2 z 2 x 2 y 3 + 7 z + 3 x 2 y 3 3 z =
= 5 x 2 y 3 2 x 2 y 3 + 3x 2 y 3 + 2 z + 7 z =
= ( 5 2 + 3) x 2 y 3 + ( 2 + 7 ) z =
= 6 x2 y3 + 9 z =
= 6 x2 y3 + 9 z

( ) (
14) 3 x 2 3 x + 5 4 x 2 5 x + 1 = )
= ( 3 4 ) ( x 3x + 5) =
2

= 1 ( x 3 x + 5 ) =
2

= x 2 + 3x 5

15) 3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + ( x + y 1) = ( 3 6 + 1) ( x + y 1) = 2 ( x + y 1)

ili taj isti zadatak na malo dui ali sigurniji nain:

3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + ( x + y 1) = 3 ( x + y 1) 6 ( x + y 1) + 1( x + y 1) =
= ( 3 6 + 1) ( x + y 1) =
= 2 ( x + y 1)

11
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

an
4. Koristimo pravila: a a = a
n m n+m
a :a = a
n m nm
m
= a n : a m = a nm
a

1) 25 23 = 25+3 = 28

2) 52 57 = 52+ 7 = 59

3) 3x 32 x = 3x + 2 x = 33 x

4) 7 2 m 5 7 m 2 = 7 2 m 5+ m 2 = 7 2 m + m 5 2 = 73m 7

5) 22 26 24 28 = 22+6+ 4+8 = 220

6) 3 a 4 2 a 7 = 3 2 a 4 a 7 = 6 a 4+ 7 = 6a11

7) x 2 x 3 = x 2+3 = x 5

8) x x3 x 5 = x1 x 3 x 5 = x1+3+5 = x9 Pazi x = x
1

9) x 2 x 4 x 6 = x 2+ 4+ 6 = x12
2 5 2 5 2 2+ 2 6+5 3 4 +12 +15 31
+ 2+
10) x x x = x
3 2 2 3 2
=x 6
=x 6
=x 6

11) x 2 x 2+ a x a 2 x 3 = x 2+ 2+ a + a 2+3 = x a + a + 2+ 2 2+ 3 = x 2 a + 5

12) a 3 a 6 = a 3+6 = a 9

13) a 4 a 2 a = a 4 a 2 a1 = a 4+ 2+1 = a 7 Pazi a = a

1

Dosta esto radite ovakve greke:

a 4 a 2 a = a 4+ 2 = a 6
to nije tono jer je: a = a
1
4 + 2+ 0 6
a a a = a
4 2
= a

14) a 2 a 5 a 7 a 3 = a 2+5+ 7 +3 = a17

15) a 3 x a x + 2 a 2 x = a 3 x + x + 2+ 2 x = a 6 x + 2

16) a x + y a 2 x a x +3 y = a x + y + 2 x + x +3 y = a x + 2 x + x + y +3 y = a 4 x + 4 y

17) 2 x 6 x3 3 x 4 = 2 6 3 x1 x3 x 4 = 36 x1+3+ 4 = 36 x8

12 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

an
4. Koristimo pravila: a a = a
n m n+ m
a :a = a
n m nm
m
= a n : a m = a nm
a

18) 2 x 2 x5 + 3 x 2 y 3 x y 4 x x 6 + 2 x3 y 2 y 2 =
= 2 x 2+5 + 3 x 2 x1 y 3 y1 4 x1 x 6 + 2 x3 y 2+ 2 =
= 2 x 7 + 3 x 2+1 y 3+1 4 x1+ 6 + 2 x 3 y 4 =
= 2 x 7 4 x 7 + 3 x3 y 4 + 2 x3 y 4 =
= ( 2 4 ) x 7 + ( 3 + 2 ) x3 y 4 =
= 2 x 7 + 5 x3 y 4 =
To je potpuno isti izraz... uobiajeni zapis je ovaj zadnji...
= 2 x 7 + 5 x3 y 4

2 3 4 2 + 3+ 4 9
1 1 1 1 1
19) = =
2 2 2 2 2

20) x 2 m +1 x3m + 2 = x 2 m +1+ 3m + 2 = x 2 m +3m +1+ 2 = x 5 m +3

21) x 2 m 4 x 3m + 2 = x 2 m 4+3m + 2 = x 2 m +3m + 2 4 = x 5 m 2

3 3 3 3 3+ 2 2 7
m +1
2 m 7
m +1+ 2 m 7 m + 2 m +1+8 + 2 m+9 m+9 m+9
22) x 2
x =x 2
=x 2
=x 2
=x 2
= x2

23) x m + n x 2 m n x3m + 2 n = x m + n + 2 m n +3m+ 2 n = x m+ 2 m+3m+ n n + 2 n = x 6 m+ 2 n

24) x 2 m n x3m n x 2 m 2 n = x 2 m n +3m n + 2 m 2 n = x 2 m+ 3m + 2 m n n 2 n = x 7 m 4 n

25) a 2 m +3n a 3m 5n = a 2 m + 3n + 3m 5n = a 2 m + 3m + 3n 5n = a 5 m 2 n

26) 2a m 3n +1 3a 4 m + n 7 = 2 3 a m 3n +1+ 4 m+ n 7 = 6 a m+ 4 m+ n3n +1 7 = 6 a 5 m 2 n 6 = 6 a 5 m 2 n 6

27) 2a x + y 5a 2 x + y = 2 5 a x + y + 2 x + y = 10 a x + 2 x + y + y = 10 a 3 x + 2 y

2 3m + 2 n 9 2 m 4 n 2 9 3m + 2 n 2 m 4 n 2 3 3 3m + 2 n + 2 m 4 n 3 3m + 2 m + 2 n 4 n 3 5 m 2 n
28) a a = a a = a = a = a
3 4 3 4 3 22 2 2

( x y ) ( x y ) = ( x y ) ( x y ) = (x y) = ( x y)
2 2 1 2 +1 3
29)

( x + y) ( x + y) = ( x + y) = ( x + y)
3 4 3+ 4 7
30)

13
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

an
4. Koristimo pravila: a n a m = a n+m a n : a m = a nm m
= a n : a m = a nm
a

( x + y 1) ( x + y 1) ( x + y 1) = ( x + y 1)
m +1 2 m+ 2 3m 4 m +1+ 2 m + 2 + 3 m 4
31) =
= ( x + y 1) = ( x + y 1)
m + 2 m + 3 m +1+ 2 4 6 m 1

(x )( ) ( ) ( ) = (x ) ( )
1 1 1+1 2
32) 2m
y n xm + y 2n = xm + y 2n xm + y 2n m
+ y 2n = xm + y 2n

( x + y ) ( x y ) ( x + y ) ( x y ) = ( x + y ) ( x + y ) ( x y ) ( x y )
2 3 2 m 1 m 3 2 2 m 1 3 m 3
33) =
= ( x + y) ( x y )
2 + 2 m 1 3+ m 3
=
= ( x + y) ( x y )
2 m + 2 1 m + 3 3
=
= ( x + y) ( x y )
2 m +1 m

3 x2 y 4 x y x y 3 y 2 x 3 x2 y + 4 x y + x y +3 y 2 x
ab 2 ab 2 ab 2 ab 2 ab 2
34) = =
c c c c c
3 x + 4 x + x 2 x 2 y y y +3 y
ab 2
= =
c
6 x y
ab 2
=
c

1 1 1
35) 9 x 4 y 2 x 2 y = 9 x 4 x 2 y 2 y1 = 3 3 x 4+ 2 y 2+1 = 3 x 6 y 3 = 3 x 6 y 3
3 3 3

yx 5 1
36) 25 x 6 y 4 = 5 5 x 6 y 4 y x5 = 5 x 6+5 y 4+1 = 5 x11 y 5
5 5

( )
37) 2 x 2 y 3 z 4 3 x 3 y 4 z 2 = 2 ( 3) x 2 x 3 y 3 y 4 z 4 z 2 = 6 x 2+3 y 3+ 4 z 4+ 2 = 6 x 5 y 7 z 6

( ) (
38) x 2 x 4 x 3 3 x 2 + 2 x 7 = x 2 x 4 x 2 x3 + x 2 3 x 2 + x 2 2 x + x 2 ( 7 ) = )
= x 2+ 4 x 2+3 3 x 2+ 2 + 2 x 2+1 7 x 2 =
= x6 x5 3 x 4 + 2 x3 7 x 2

39) ( 2 xy ) x
2 2
y
1 3
2
1
(
xy + x3 y = 2 xy 2 x 2 y + 2 xy 2 xy 3 2 xy 2 x3 y =
2
)
1
= 2 x1 x 2 y 2 y1 + 2 x1 x1 y 2 y 3 2 x1 x 3 y 2 y1 =
2
= 2 x y + x y 2 x1+ 3 y 2+1 =
1+ 2 2 +1 1+1 2+ 3

= 2 x3 y 3 + x 2 y 5 2 x 4 y 3

14 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

4 . U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo: a n : a m = a nm

40) 29 : 25 = 295 = 24 = 24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
41) 137 : 135 = 137 5 = 132 = 169
42) 35 x : 33 x = 35 x 3 x = 32 x
3m 2( m 2 )
43) 53m 2 : 5m 2 = 5 = 53m 2 m + 2 = 53m m + 2 2 = 52 m

Pazi: drugi eksponent se mora staviti u zagradu...vrlo esto radite ovakvu greku:
53m 2 : 5m 2 = 53m 2 m 2 = 53m m 2 2 = 52 m 4 to nije tono!

Ovdje je pogreka u predznaku kod zadnjeg lana, jer prvom promjenite predznak,
a drugom ne, to se dogaa zbog toga to radite napamet... tj. preskaete korake...
Preporuka: im imamo vielane eksponente koristite zagrade i ne preskaite korake...

44) x 4 : x 2 = x 4 2 = x 2

45) x 6 : x 2 = x 62 = x 4
46) x 7 : x 2 : x 3 = x 7 23 = x 2
47) x 7 x 3 : x 4 = x 7 +3 4 = x 6
1
48) x : x 2 = x1 : x 2 = x1 2 = x 1 =
x
1 1 2 2 1 4 1 3
2
49) x 2 : x 2 = x 2
=x 2
=x 2
=x 2

7 1 7 1 7 1 3 7 3 4

50) x : x = x
9 3 9 3
=x 9
=x 9
=x 9

2 1 2 1 2 2 2 10 1 5 4 20 5 21
2
51) x : x : x = x
5 2 2 5 2
=x 10
=x 10
=x 10

4 x2 x
52) a : a 4x 2x
=a =a 2x

8 3 2
53) a : a : a = a
8 3 2
= a3
1
54) a : a 2 : a 3 = a1 : a 2 : a 3 = a1 23 = a 4 ili =
a4
55) a 7 : a 2 a 3 = a 7 2+3 = a8
an
U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo: = a n : a m = a nm
am
x5
56) = x 5 : x 2 = x 5 2 = x 3
x2
x8
57) 3
= x 8 : x 3 = x 83 = x 5
x
3
3 3 3 2 1
x2 1
58) = x 2 : x1 = x 2 = x 2
= x2
x
7
7 1 7 1 7 31 4 21 4 17
x4
59) 1
= x :x = x4 3 4 3
=x 12
=x 12
=x 12

x 3

15
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

an
4. U slijedeim zadacima koristimo pravilo: = a n : a m = a nm
am
x m +1
= x m +1 : x 2 m + 2 = x (
m +1 2 m + 2 )
60) 2 m+ 2
= x m +1 2 m 2 = x m 2 m +1 2 = x m1
x
x 3m + 7 3m + 7 ( 3m +5)
61) 3m +5
= x3m + 7 : x3m +5 = x = x 3 m + 7 3 m 5 = x 3 m 3 m + 7 5 = x 2
x

x8 m + 7 8 m + 7 ( 3 m + 2 ) ( m 1)
62) 3m + 2
: x m 1 = x8 m + 7 : x3m + 2 : x m 1 = x = x8 m + 7 3m 2 m +1 = x8 m3m m + 7 2+1 = x 4 m + 6
x

a 9 m +11 7 m +10 9 m +11( 2 m 3) ( 7 m +10 )

63) 2 m 3
:a = a 9 m +11 : a 2 m 3 : a 7 m +10 = a = a 9 m +11 2 m +37 m10 =
a
= a 9 m 2 m 7 m +11+310 = a 4

( x y) :( x y) = ( x y) = ( x y)
7 4 74 3
64)

2 x + 3 y ( 2 x + 3 y )
(2x 3y ) :( 2 x 3 y ) = (2x 3y ) = (2x 3y ) = (2x 3y ) = 1
2 x +3 y 2 x +3 y 2 x + 3 y 2 x 3 y 0
65)
6 4 6 4 2
a2b a2b a2b a2b
66) 3 : 3 = 3 = 3
c c c c
2 m 4 + 4 m 2 ( m 4 )
( 2x + y ) ( 2x + y ) :( 2 x + y ) = (2x + y ) = (2x + y )
2 m4 4 m2 m4 2 m + 4 m 4 2 m+ 4
67) =
= ( 2x + y ) = ( 2x + y )
2 m+ 4 m m+ 4 42 5m2

x2 3 x 3 4 x4 x 2 + 3 x 3( 4 x 4 ) x + 3 x 2 3 4 x + 4
a2b a2b a2b a2b a2b
68) 3 3 : 3 = 3 = 3 =
c c c c c
x + 3 x 4 x + 4 2 3 1
a2b a2b c3
= 3 = 3 ili = 2
c c
   a b

U ovom sluaju moete ostaviti i ljevo rjee nje...

jer jo nismo obradili pravilo:"na minus prvu"

Mnoimo svaki lan prve zagrade sa svakim lanom druge zagrade...

/
69) (x 2
)( )
1 x 4 + x 2 + 1 = x 2 x 4 + x 2 x 2 + x 2 1 1 x 4 1 x 2 11 =
= x 2+ 4 + x 2+ 2 + x 2 x 4 x 2 1 =
= x6 + x 4 + x 2 x4 x2 1 =
= x6 + x 4 x 4 + x 2 x2 1 =
= x6 1
70) (x 2
)( ) ( )
+ 1 x x 2 + 1 = x 2 x1 + x 2 x 2 + x 2 1 + 1 x + 1 x 2 + 11 = ( )
= x 2+1 x 2+ 2 + x 2 + x x 2 + 1 =
= x3 x 4 + x 2 x 2 + x + 1 =
= x 4 + x3 + x + 1

16 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

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tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

5. Koristimo pravila: ( ab )n = a n bn ( abc )

n
= a n bn c n ( )
an
m
= anm (( ) )
an
m z
= an m z

(x)
n
Poja vio nam se jedan problem a taj je : vidi zadatke: 7),13),14),15),16),17),18),19),23),24)...
P ogledajmo opet u 2. zada t a k kako smo t o tamo rjeili:
2 . 4) ( 1)2 = ( 1) ( 1) = 1
( 1)
na parni eksponent
=1

5) ( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
3
Zakljuak:
( 1)
na neparni eksponent
= 1
6) ( 1) = ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) = 1
4

( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8
3
7)
 

Imamo neparan broj "minusa" pa e i umnoak bi ti negativno tj. imati e predznak minus

(x) = ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) ( x ) = x4
4
8)
  

Imamo paran broj "minusa" pa

je produkt pozitivan broj

(x) (
x ) ( x ) ... ( x )
53
Sada se ja vlja ovakav problem: = = u eksponentu je 53 ,
 

53 puta bi to trebali na pisati

a to je previe pisanja
pa emo rae gledati eksponent

53 je nepar an broj pa je: ( x )

53
= x 53
dal je logiki je pitanje koliko je ( x ) ? eksponent je 54, 54 je paran broj pa je: ( x )
54 54
= x 54
(x)
55
= x 55 jer je eksponent = 55, a 55 je neparan broj
(x)
56
= x 56 jer je eksponent = 56, a 56 je paran broj

(x) ( x ) = x2n
na parni eksponent 2n
= x parnu
Zakljuak: ili
(x) ( x ) = x 2 n+1
na neparni eksponent 2 n +1
= x neparnu

2 n je oznaka za parni broj

2n + 1 je oznaka za neparan broj

Sada to primjenimo u zadatcima:

2 . 8) ( x )4 = x4 zato to je eksponent = 4, a 4 je paran broj
7) ( 2 )
3
= 23 = 8 zato to je eksponent = 3, a 3 je neparan broj

Po stoji i drugi nain rjeavanja ovakvih zadataka:

II nain
( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
3 3 3
7)
2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
( 

3 3 3

Svaki negativan broj ( x )

da se zapisati u obliku:
( x ) = ( 1 x )

(x) = ( 1 x ) = ( 1) x 4 = 1 x 4 = x 4
4 4 4
8) II na in

17
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5. Koristimo pravila: ( ab ) = a n b n
n
( abc ) = a n b n c n
n
( )
an
m
= anm (( ) )
an
m z
= anm z

( ab )
n
= a n b n Postupili smo prema prvom pravilu...
7 7
1) ( 2 x ) = 22 x 2 = 4 x 2
2
= 4x2
2 ) ( 3x ) = 32 x 2 = 9 x 2
2
= 9x2
2 2
3 2 3 3 32 2 2 3 2 9 4 6
( ) ( y )
2 2
3) x y = x
2 3
= 2 x y = x y
4 4 4 16

( ab c )
n
= a n bn cn (a ) n m
= anm Postupili smo prema drugom i treem pravilu...

3 3
2 2 2 3 23 3 2 3 8 3 6
( )
3
4) xy = x y
2
= 3 x y = x y
3 3 3 27

4 4
1 2 3 1 14 2 4 3 4 1 8 12
( ) ( y )
4 4
5) x y = x
2 3
= 4 x y = x y
2 2 2 16

(x )
2
6) 2
= x2 2 = x4


(x ) ( )
2 2
7) 2
= x2 = x2 2 = x4 I nain

II nain:

(a )
m
Prema pravilu:
n
= anm
(x ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
7) = ( 1) x
2 22
2
= 1 x 2 2
= 1 x =x 4


(x )
3
8) 2
= x2 3 = x6


(x )
5
9) 2
= x 2 5 = x10

(2x y ) ( ) ( y )
2 2 2
10 ) 3 4
= 22 x3 4
= 4 x3 2 y 4 2 = 4 x 6 y8

(2x y ) ( ) ( y )
3 3 3
11) 3 4
= 23 x 3 4
= 8 x 3 3 y 4 3 = 8 x9 y12

(2x y ) ( ) ( y )
4 4 4
12 ) 3 4
= 24 x3 4
= 16 x 3 4 y 4 4 = 16 x12 y16

( )
3 3
13) ( y ) = y 2
2
= y23 = y6

( )
3 3 3 3
13) ( y ) = ( 1 y ) = ( 1) y 2 = 1 y 2 = y 2
2 2 2 3
II nain: = y23 = y6

18 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku
mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

5.
(x)
na parni eksponent
= x parnu
Koristimo pravilo: prilikom raunanja I nainom u
(x)
na neparni eksponent
= x neparnu 14), 15), 16),17), 18), 19)...

( y ) ( )
3 3
14) 2
= y2 = y23 = y6 to je bio I nain rjeavanja

II nain

( y ) = ( 1 y ) = ( 1) ( y )
3 3 3
14)
3
2 2 2
= 1 y 2 3 = 1 y 6 = y 6

( 1) ( 1)
3 neparnu
= 1 Prema pravilu: = 1
( 1) ( 1)
2 parnu
= + 1 Prema pravilu: = +1 = 1

( y ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
15 ) = ( 1) y 3
2
3
= 1 y 3 = 1 y 3 2 = 1 y 6 = y 6 to je bio II nain rjeavanja

( y ) = ( y ) = y
2 2
3 2
15) 3 3
= y6 to je bio I nain rjeavanja

( y ) = ( y )
parnu parnu
3 3

( ) ( ( ) ) = ( y ) = + y
3 3
16 ) y 4 = y4 43 12
= y12 to je bio I nain rjeavanja

( ) ( ) ( ) (
= ( 1) y 4 = 1 y 4 3 = y12 = y12 ) ( )
3 3 3
16 ) y 4
3
= 1 y 4 II nain

( ) ( )
2 2
17 ) x 5 = x5 = x 5 2 = x10 to je bio I nain rjeavanja

( ) ( ) = ( 1) x 5 ( ) ( )
= 1 x 5 2 = x10 = x10 ( )
2 2 2
1 7 ) x5
2
= 1 x 5 II nain

U 18) pokazat emo tri naina rjeavanja:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
18 ) x 5 = + x 5 = x 5 = x5 = x 5 2 = x10 to je bio I nain rjeavanja

( ) ( )
2 2
18 ) x 5 = 1 x 5 =

= ( 1 ) ( x ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
= ( 1) x 5
2
2 5
= = 1 1 x 5 = 1 x 5 2 = x10 II nain

( ) ( )
2
[ ] min us i minus daju plus
2
18 ) x 5 = + x 5 = x 5
2
= x 5 2 = x10 III nain ...u

U ovom 18) zadatku najbri ne III nain rjeavanja... dok je u 19) definitivno II nain najb olji....

19
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5.
2 2
(
19 ) x 5 ) = + x5 ( ) = x5 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 22 4 4
= x5 = x5 = x 5 4 = x 20 I nain

I nain u ovom zadatku pomalo zbunjuje pa je bolje to rjeavati na II nain izluivanjem ( 1) :

II nain:

( )
2 2 2

(
19 ) x 5 ) = ( 1) x 5 ( ) = ( 1)2 x 5 ( ) =
2 2 2

( )
2
= 1 x 5 2 =
2
= 1 x10 =

( )
2
= ( 1) x10 = ( 1) x10
2 2
= 1 x10 2 = x 20

( ) ( ) ( )
2
20 ) x5 = x5 2 = x10 = x10

( 2ab ) ( )
3 3
21) 2
= 23 a 3 b 2 = 8 a 3 b 2 3 = 4a 3 b 6

(a b ) ( ) (b )
4 4 4
22 ) 2 3
= a2 3
= a 2 4 b3 4 = a 8 b12

( 2 y ) ( )
2 2
23) = ( 2) y3
2
3
= 4 y3 2 = 4 y 6

( 2 ) = 4 jer je: ( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 22 = 1 4 = 4
2 2 2 2

( 2 ) = 8 jer je: ( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 23 = 1 8 = 8
3 3 3 3

( 2 ) = ( 1 2 ) = ( 1) 24 = 116 = 16 itd.
4 4 4

( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) = 4
2
ili ovako:
( 2) = ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) = 8
3

(x) ( 2)
na parni eksponent 2
= x parnu = 22 = 4
ili k oristimo pravilo: pa je:
(x) ( 2)
na neparni eksponent 3
= x neparnu = 23 = 8

( 3)
3
= 33 = 27

( 3 y ) = ( 3) ( y )
3 3
24 )
3
2 2
= 33 y 2 3 = 27 y 6

( 3) = ( 1 3) = ( 1) 33 = 1 27 = 27 ( 3) = ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) = 27
3 3 3 3
ili

20 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

5.
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
22 2 2 4 4
( )
2
25 ) x = x = x
2
= 2 x = x
3 3 3 3 9
2 2
22 2 2 4 4
2 2 2
( )
2
25 ) x = x
2
=+ x = x 25) zadatak na tri nai na
3 3 32 9
2 2 2
22 2 2 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
( )
2
25 ) x = 1 x = ( 1) x
2
= 1 2 x = x
3 3 3 3 9

3 3 3
2 2 2 23 2 3 8 6
( )
3
26 ) x 2 = x 2 = x 2 = 3
x = x I nain
3 3 3 3 27
3 3
2 2 2 23 2 3 8 6
( )
3
26 ) x = x
2
= 3
x = x II nain
3 3 3 27

(x )
2
27 ) m
= xm 2 = x2m

(y )
3
28 ) n
= y n 3 = y 3n

(x ) ( ) ( y )
4 4 4
29 ) m
yn = xm n
= xm 4 y n 4 = x4m y 4n

(x ) ( ) ( y )
m m m
30 )
2
m
yn = xm n
= xm m y n m = xm y n m

(a ) ( ) (b )
2 2 2
31) 3x
b2 y = a3 x 2y
= a3 x 2 b2 y 2 = a6 x b4 y

(a ) ( ) (b )
x x x
32 )
2
3x
b2 y = a3 x 2y
= a 3 x x b 2 y x = a 3 x b 2 xy

(2 ) ( )
2 x
33) x
= 2 x 2 = 22 x = 22 = 4x

(3 ) ( )
3 x
34 ) x
= 3x 3 = 33 x = 33 = 27 x

(2 )
x
35 )
2
x
= 2x x = 2x

(2 3 ) ( ) (3 ) ( ) (3 )
2 2 2 m n
36 ) m n
= 2m n
= 2m 2 3n 2 = 22 m 32 n = 22 2
= 4m 9n = 4m 9n

21
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5.

37 ) (( x ) )
2
3 4
= x 2 3 4 = x 24 Prema pravilu: (( a )
n
)
m z
= an m z

38 ) (( y ) )
3
4 5
= y 3 4 5 = y 60

39 ) (( ) )
x2
x 4
= x 2 x 4 = x8 x

(( y ) )
x y
40 ) 3
= y 3 x y = y 3 xy

41) (( x )
2
6 2
) ( x ) 3
5
= x 2 6 2 x 3 5 = x 24 x15 = x 24+15 = x39

( ) (( ) )
4 3 2
42 ) y3 y5 = y 3 4 y 5 3 2 = y12 y 30 = y12+30 = y 42

43) ( ( ) ) :( x )
x2
5 3
4
7
= x 2 5 3 : x 4 7 = x 30 : x 28 = x 30 28 = x 2

44 ) (( a ) 3
6 8
) (( )
: a2 )
4 5
= a 3 6 8 : a 2 4 5 = a144 : a 40 = a144 40 = a104

3 3
2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
= a 2 b3 : 22 a 2 b 2 ( ) =
2 3 3 2
45 ) a 2 b3 : 2ab 2
3 3
23
( )
= 3 a 2 3 b3 3 : 4 a 2 b 2 2 =
3
8 6 9
=
27
(
a b : 4 a 2 b4 =)
8
= :4 a 6 : a 2 b9 b 4 =
27
2 62 94
= a b =
27
2 4 5
= ab
27

22 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

5. Koristimo pravila: ( ab )
n
= a n bn ( abc )
n
= an bn cn (a )
n
m
= anm (( a )
n
)
m z
= anm z

3 3
1 2 3 1
( ) ( ) ( )
= x 2 y 3 43 x 3 y 2 = ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 3
46 ) x y 4x y
3 2

2 2
13
(
= 3 x 2 3 y 3 3 64 x 3 3 y 2 3 =
2
)
1
(
= x 6 y 9 64 x 9 y 6 =
8
)
1
= 64 x 6 x 9 y 9 y 6 =
8
64 6+9 9+6
= x y =
8
= 8 x15 y15 =
= 8 x15 y15

3 3
1 2 3 1
( ) ( ) ( )
= x 2 y 3 : 43 x 3 y 2 = ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 3
47 ) 3 2
x y : 4x y
2 2
13 2 3 3 3
(
= 3 x y : 64 x3 3 y 2 3 =
2
)
1
(
= x 6 y 9 : 64 x9 y 6 =
8
)
1
= :64 x 6 : x9 y 9 : y 6 =
8
1
= x 6 9 y 9 6 =
8 64
1
= x 3 y 3 =
512
1 1 3
= y =
512 x 3
y3
=
512 x 3
( 3a b ) ( a b ) ( )
= 3x a 2 b x a x ( ) ( b ) =
x 2 x 2 2
48 ) 2 x 3x 3x

= 3x a 2 x b ( a b ) =
x x2 3x 2

= 3x a 2 x b ( a b ) =
x 2x 6x

= 3x a 2 x a 2 x b x b 6 x =
= 3x a 2 x + 2 x b x + 6 x =
= 3x a 4 x b 7 x

(x )
m +1
49 )
3 ( m +1)
3
=x = x3m +3

23
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

5. Koristimo pravila: ( ab )
n
= a n bn ( abc )
n
= an bn cn (a )
n
m
= anm (( a )
n
)
m z
= anm z

(x )
m +1
49 )
3 ( m +1)
3
=x = x3m +3

(x ) ( )
2 m 1 m 1
50 )
3 ( 2 m 1) 2 ( m 1)
3
x2 =x x =
= x 6 m 3 x 2 m 2 =
= x 6 m 3+ 2 m 2 =
= x 6 m + 2 m 3 2 =
= x 8 m 5

(x ) ( )
2 m 1 m +1
51)
3 ( 2 m 1) 2 ( m 1)
5
: x3 =x :x =
= x 6 m 3 : x 2 m 2 =
6 m 3 ( 2 m 2 )
=x =
6 m 3 2 m + 2
=x =
= x 6 m 2 m 3+ 2 =
= x 4 m 1

( ) ( )
3 2
52 ) 2 x 2 + 3 x3 = 2 x 2 3 + 3 x3 2 =
= 2 x6 + 3 x6 =
= ( 2 + 3) x 6 =
= 5 x6

(a ) ( ) ( )
4 6 3
53) 3
3 a2 + 4 a4 = a3 4 3 a 2 6 + 4 a 4 3 =
= a12 3 a12 + 4 a12 =
= (1 3 + 4 ) a12 =
= 2 a12 =
= 2a12

24 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

6. a n b n c n = ( abc )
n
Koristimo pravilo:

1) 2 x 5 x = ( 2 5 ) = 10 x 2) 3x 4 x = ( 3 4 ) = 12 x
x x

3) 4a 6a = ( 4 6 ) = 24a 4) 2 y 4 y = ( 2 4 ) = 8 y
a y

2 2 2 4 4 4
ac b a c b a b a b
5) = = a2 6) = = 14 = 1
b c b c b a b a
3 3 3 3
3 8 3 8 3 42
7) = = = 23 = 8
4 3 4 3 4 3
2 2 2 2 2
xy 4 xy 4 x y 2 2 2
8) 2 = 2 = = = moemo ostaviti u ovom obliku
2 x y 2 x y 2 x x y x
22 4
ili dalje: = 2 = 2
x x
( )
3 3 3
3
xy x xy x
3 3
x x x2 x2 x2 3 x6
9) = = nakon kraenja = = 2 = 2 = 23 = 6
zz ( )
3
z yz z yz z z z z
m +1 m +1 m+1
xy x xy x
10) = = nakon kraenja =
z yz z yz
(x )
m +1 m +1 m +1
2 2 ( m +1)
x x x2 x x2m+2
= = 2 = = =
(z )
m +1 2 ( m +1)
zz z 2 z z 2m+2
2 2 2 2
x2 y3 z 6 x2 y3 z 6 x 2 y 2 y1 z 4 z 2
11) 4 3 2 = 4 3 2 = 2 1 2 = nakon kraenja =
z x y z x y z4 x x y

( )
2 2
z2 z2 z22 z4
= 1 = = =
( ) x1 2
2
x x1 x2
m m m m
x2 y3 z 6 x2 y3 z6 x 2 y 2 y1 z 4 z 2
12) 4 3 2 = 4 3 2 = 2 1 2 = nakon krae nja =
z x y z x y z4 x x y

( ) ( )
m m m
y1 z 2 y1 . z 2 y1 m z 2 m y m z 2m
= 1 = = =
( ) x1 m
m
x x1 xm
5 5 5 5
x y x2 1 x+ y x y x 2 12 x+ y
13) 2
2 = =
x +1 x + 2 xy + y x y x + 1 x + 2 xy + y x y
2 2

5
x y ( x 1) ( x + 1) x + y
= =
x +1 ( x + y )
2
x y

( x y ) ( x 1) ( x + 1) ( x + y )
5

= = =
( x + 1) ( x + y ) ( x + y ) ( x y )
pa kratimo

( x 1)
5 5
x 1
= =
x+ y ( x + y)
5

25
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a
Izraunaj:
2 n
2 22 4 a an
1) = 2 = primjenili smo pravilo: =
3 3 9 b bn

2 2
2 3 32 9
2) = = 2 =
3 2 2 4

n
a an
po pravilu: = n

b

 b

2 2
2 3 32 9
uputa: 2) = = 2 =
 2

3   2 4
po pravilu
n n
a b
=
b a

3 n
1 13 1 a an
3) = 3 = primjenili smo pravilo: = n
2 2 8 b b

4 n
2 24 16 a an
4) = 4 = primjenili smo pravilo: = n
3 3 81 b b

1 1 n n
5 7 7 a b bn
5) = = primjenili smo pravilo: = = n
7 5 5 b a a

1 1 1
2 1 7 + 2 9 7
6) 1 = = = mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...
7 7 7 9

2 2
4 5 52 25
7) = = 2 =
5 4 4 16

3 3
2 3 33 27
8) = = 3 =
3 2 2 8

2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 + 1 6 +1 7 3 32 9
9) 2 = = = = = 2 =
3 3 3 3 7 7 49

7 mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...

2 2 2 2 2
2 1 7 + 2 7+2 9 7 7 2 49
10) 1 = = = = = 2 =
7 7 7 7 9 9 81

26 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a

mjeoviti broj treba prvo pretvoriti u razlomak...

3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 + 1 2 +1 3 2 23 8
11) 1 = = = = = 3 =
2 2 2 2 3 3 27
2 2
3 4 42 16
12) = = 2 =
4 3 3 9

2
x x2
13) = 2
y y

(x)
na parni eksponent
= x parnu
14) I nain k oristimo pravilo: pa je:
(x)
na neparni eksponent
= x neparnu

2 2 2 parnu parnu 2
x x x2 x x x x
14) = = 2 jer je: = = = = ...
y y y y y y y

2 2 2
x x 2 x x2 x2
14) = 1 = ( 1) = 1 = II nain
y y y y2 y2

x x
II nain rastavili smo na: 1 ...
y y

3 3
x x x3
15) = = I nain
y y y3
3 3 3
x x 3 x x3 x3
15) = 1 = ( 1) = 1 = II nain
y y y y3 y3

(x)
na parni eksponent
= x parnu
16) I nain k oristimo pravilo: pa je:
(x)
na neparni eksponent
= x neparnu
4 4
x x x4
jer je: ( x )
na parni eksponent
16) = = 4 = x parnu
y y y
4 4 4
x x 4 x x4 x4
16) II nain: = 1 = ( 1) = 1 4 = 4
y y y y y

2 2 2 2
1 1 2 + 1 2 +1 3 32
17) 1 = = = =
2 2 2 2 22
27
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a

2 2 2 2 2
2 23 + 2 6+2 8 8 82 64
18) 2 = = = = = = 2 = I nain
3 3 3 3 3 3 9

II nain:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 23 + 2 6+2 8 8 2 8 82 6 4
18) 2 = = = = = 1 = ( 1) = 1 2 =
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9

3 3 3 3 3
2 23 + 2 6+2 8 8 83 512
19) 2 = = = = = = 3
= I nain
3 3 3 3 3 3 27

II nain:
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 23 + 2 6+2 8 8 3 8 83 5 12
19) 2 = = = = = 1 = ( 1) = 1 3
=
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 27

2 2 2 2
4 3 5 + 4 15 + 4 19 192 361
20) 3 = = = = =
5 5 5 5 52 25

( )
4 4
x2 x2 x2 4 x8
21) 3 = = 3 4 = 12
( )
4
y y3 y y

( )
3 3 3
x3 x3 x3 x3 3 x9
22) 4 = 4 = = = I nain
( ) y43
3
y y y4 y12

( )
3 3 3
x3 x3 x3 x3 3 x9
22) 4 = 1 4 = ( 1)
3
= 1 = II nain
( ) y43
3
y y y4 y12

( )
2 2 2
x3 x3 x3 x3 2 x6
23) 4 = 4 = = = I nain
( ) y42
2
y y y4 y8

( )
2 2 2
x3 x3 x3 x3 2 x6
23) 4 = 1 4 = ( 1)
2
= 1 = II nain
( ) y42
2
y y y4 y8

28 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a

( x2 ) ( y3 )
2 2 2
x2 y3 x2 2 y3 2 x4 y6
24) 4 = = = 8
( z4 ) z42
2
z z

2 2 n n
x2 y5 z6 a b bn
25) 6 = 2 5 = po pravilu: = = n
z x y b a a

(z )
2
6

(a )
m
= = po pravilu: n
= an m
( x ) ( y )
2 2
2 5

z62
= =
x2 2 y5 2
z12
=
x 4 y10

23 ( x 4 )
3 3
2x4 8 x43 8 x12
26) 2 = = =
33 ( y 2 ) z 3 27 y z
3 23 3
3y z 27 y 6 z 3

3 3 Najkrae objanjenje:
x 2 y 3 23 y 3 z 4
27) 3 4 = 2 = Sve to ima minus u eksponentu
2 z x "skae" iz brojnik a u nazivnik i obrnuto...
3
8 y3 z 4
= 2 =
x
83 ( y 3 ) ( z 4 )
3 3

= =
(x )
3
2

512 y 3 3 z 4 3 512 y 9 z12

= =
x2 3 x6

x 2 y 3
Sada dodatna uputa: Razlomak
23 z 4
Ima u eksponentu "minus" pa se prvo rjeavamo tih "minusa"
x 2 y 3 23 y 3 z 4
= U brojniku je bio: x 2 i on je "skoio" u nazivnik i sada je: x 2
23 z 4 x2
U nazivniku su bili : 23 i z 4 i oni su "skoili" u brojnik i sada su: 23 i z 4

29
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a

2 2
2 x 4 y 2 2 x4
28) 3 = 2 3 =
5z 5y z
( )
2
22 x 4 4 x4 2 4 x8
= = =
( y ) ( z ) 25 y 2 2 z 3 2
2 2
52 2 3 25 y 4 z 6

2 2
2 x 4 y 2 2 x4
29) 3 = 2 3 =
5z 5y z
2
5 y2 z3
= 4
=
2x
( ) ( z )
2 2
52 y 2 3

= =
2 ( x )
2
2 4

25 y 2 2 z 3 2
= =
4 x4 2
25 y 4 z 6
=
4 x8

( )
3
2 x 4 y 2
3
2 x4
3
23 x 4 8 x4 3 8 x12
30) = 2 3 = 3 = =
( ) ( ) 125 y 2 3 z 3 3 125 y 6 z 9
3 3 3
5z 5y z 5 y2 z3

1 1
x y y
31) = =
y x x

2 3 2
x y y y
3
y 2 y3 y 2 y 2 y1 x1 x
32) = 3 = 2 3 = 2 2 1 = 1 =
y x x x x x x x x y y

( 2 x + 3)
3 3 3
2x 3 2x + 3
33) = =
2x + 3 2x 3 ( 2 x 3)
3

2 2
1 x y
= ( x y)
2
34) =
x y 1

( )
3 3 3
a 2 b5 c3 c3 c3 3 c9
35) 3 = 2 5 = = =
( ) ( ) a 2 3 b5 3 a 6 b15
3 3
c a b a 2 b5

30 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

n n n
a an a b bn
7. Koristimo pravila: = = = n
b bn b a a

( ) y :( y )
3 2 3 2
2
a2 y y2 a2 2 2

36) 3 3 : 4 = =
( ) (a ) (a )
3 2 2
y a a y3 3 4

a23 y 2 y 2 2
= : =
y33 a3 2 a 4 2
a6 y 2 y 4
= : =
y 9 a 6 a8
a6 y2 y4
= 7 2 6: 8 = kratimo
y y a a
1 y4
= 7 : 8 =
y a
1 a8
= =
y7 y4
a8 a8 a8
= = =
y7 y4 y 7+4 y11

2 2
3 2 1 1 22 1 1 4 1 1
37) 23 + 22 = 3 + 2 = 2 + = + =
2 3 2 2 3 8 4 9 42 4
1 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 9 11
= + = + = =
9 2 4 18 4 36 36

2 2
1 3 1 4 1 42 1 16 1 8 2 2
38) = = 2 = = =
8 4 8 3 8 3 8 9 8 9 9

1 2 3 1 2 3
2 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 5
39) + = + = + 9 8 = +1 = + =
3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2
3 2 22 3 3 4 2 33 2 3 42 27 23
40) 3 = 2 = 2 3 =
4 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3
2
16 9 3 8 8 8 1 8 1 8 1
= ( 4 3)
2
= = 122 = 2 = =
9 4 27 27 27 12 27 144 27 486

31
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an

1) 20 = 1 po pravilu: a = 1
0

2) x 0 = 1

0
x2 y 4 bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent
3) =1
z te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !
( ) ( )
0 0
x2 y 4
0
x2 y 4 11 1
3) ili taj isti zadatak du im postupkom: = = = =1
z z0 1 1

4) x 0 + y 0 = 1 + 1 = 2

5) 30 = 1

( 3)
0
6) =1 po pravilu: a = 1
0

7) 30 = 1 zato to je: 30 = 1 30 = 11 = 1

8) 3x 0 = 3 1 = 3

( x + y)
0
9) =1 bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nultu sve j e jednako jedan !

bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je eksponent

(2x 7 y )
0
10) =1
te zagrade nula sve je jednako jedan !

11) x 0 2 y 0 + 7 z 0 = 1 2 1 + 7 1 = 1 2 + 7 = 6

12) x 0 ( 2 y ) + ( 7 z ) = 1 1 + 1 = 1
0 0

13) x 0 x 0 = 11 = 1

(x )
2
14) 0
= 12 = 1

32 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an

13) x 0 x 0 = 11 = 1

14) (x )
0 2
= 12 = 1

(x )
0
15) m
=1 bez obzira to je u zagradi ako je to na nuultu sve je jednako jedan !

(4x)
0
16) =1

1 1
17) 51 = po pravilu: a 1 =
5 a

1
18) x 1 =
x

1 1
1 2 1 5
19) 0, 2 = = = =5 prvo decimalni broj pretvorimo u razlomak...
10 5 1

1 1 1
( x y)
1
20) = = po pravilu: an =
( x y) x y
1
an

1 1 1
21) 32 = 2
= po pravilu: an =
3 9 an

1
22) x 3 =
x3

2 2
2 3 10 102 100
23) 0,3 = = = 2 =
10 3 3 9

1
( 2 x 5)
5
24) =
( 2 x 5)
5

1
25) 41 =
4

33
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an

1
1 1 1 4 1 1 41
26) 1 = = 1 = =4 ili na drugi nain: = =4
4 1 1 11 41 1
4 4

1
1 ( 4 ) 1 ( 4 )
1
1 1 1 4 1
27) = = 1 = = 4 ili na drugi nain: = = = 4
( 4) ( 4)
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

4 4

1 1 n n
2 3 3 a b bn
28) = = pr ema pravilu: = = n
3 2 2 b a a

1
1
1 2 1 3 1 3
Isti taj zadatak po pravilu : a 1 = ispada: = = 1 = = vidimo da je rezultat isti!
a 3 2 2 2 1 2
3 3

2 2 51 2
29) = = 2 5 = 10 ili krae: = 2 51 = 2 5 = 10
5 1 1 5 1

2 ( 5)
1
2
30) = = 2 ( 5 ) = 10
( 5)
1
1

3 3 22
31) = = 3 4 = 12
22 1

2a 2a b 4
32) 4
= = 2ab 4
b 1

33) 35 x 4 34 x 3 37 9 x = 35 x 4+ 4 x 3+ 7 9 x = 35 x + 4 x 9 x 43+ 7 = 30 = 1

34 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an

34) 22 x +1 23 223 x 2 x 6 = 22 x +1+3+ 23 x + x 6 = 22 x 3 x + x +1+ 3+ 26 = 20 = 1

1
35) 52 x 3 52 2 x = 52 x 3+ 2 2 x = 52 x 2 x 3+ 2 = 51 =
5

( x + y) ( x + y ) = ( x + y) = ( x + y) = ( x + y) = 1
2 mn n2 m 2 mn+ n2 m 2 m2 m+ nn 0
36)

1 1
1 3
3 7) 27 x y 2
0 0 0 1
= 111 2 = 1 2 3 = 6
3 1

1 1 1
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5
38) y 2 23 = 1 3 = 1 5 =
0 1

2 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 8 32

m+n m+2n n m + n ( m + 2 n ) + n m+ nm2 n+ n 0

a2b a2b a2b a2b a2b a2b
39) 3 : 3 3 = 3 = 3 = 3 =1
c c c c c c

2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 24
2
82
23 21
= 23 21 = = 8 =
40) 2 4
2 +2 1
+
1
1 + 1 1 4 + 1
22 24 4 16 16
2 2
1 8 7

2
7 16 72
2

= 8 = 8 = = =
4 + 1 5 85 5
16 16
2 2 2 2
14 5 5 2 5 25 25
= = = 1 = ( 1) 2 = 1 =
5 14 14 14 196 196

2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
22 3 43
2
22 31 18
2

41) 1 2 = = = 12 = =
2 3 1 1 1 1 1 12
2 32 2 9 18
2 2 2
6 3 3 2 22 4
= = = = 2 =
62 2 3 3 9

35
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an

2
1 1
2
1 1
2
3 4 1
2

2 3 43
2 2
2 2 3 1 18 1
42) 1 2
=2 =4 3 = = 12 = =
2 +3 1 + 1 1 + 1 9+2 11 1112
2 32 2 9 29 18

2 2 2 2
3 6 3 22 22 2 22
2
484 484
= = = = 1 = ( 1) 2 = 1 =
11 2 6 22 3 3 3 9 9

1 1 1 3 1 3 1 2
43) 30 20 31 = 11 = 1 = = =
3 3 3 3 3

1 1 23 1 6 1 5
44) 30 + 20 31 = 1 + 1 = 2 = = =
3 3 3 3 3

1 1 3 4 1 12 1 11
45) 20 + 21 2 2 = 1 + 2 2
= 3 = = =
2 4 4 4 4

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
46) 2 2 23 = 2
3 = = = =
2 2 4 8 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 4 1 2 + 4 3
47) 23 2 2 + 21 = 3
2 + 1 = + = = =
2 2 2 8 4 2 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 8 9 1 1
48) 3 2 2 3 = 3 = = = =
32
2 9 8 9 8 72 72

1 1
22 2 1 27 27
49) 3 = 2 = 4 = =
3 1 1 4 1 4
3
3 27
22 33 27
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain: 3 = 2 = vidi u 7. zadatku 27), 28), 29)
3 2 4
1 8
2 8 2
2 3
3
8 1 1 1
50) = 3 = 9 = = =
4 2
16 16 9 16 9 2 18
1
23 32 23 8 1 1
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain: = = = =
4 2
4 3
2 2
16 9 2 9 18

36 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431
POTENCIJE M-1- rjeenja i kompletni postupak

1 1
8. Koristimo pravila: a0 = 1 , a1 = a , a 1 = , an =
a an
1 4 1
4
22 41 1 2 2
51) 2 1 = 4 = 4 = 1 = =
3 6 1 9 3 1 3 3
9
6 6 2
22 4 1 4 61 6 2
ili isti zadatak na drugi nain: 2 1 = = =
3 6 9 41 9 3
1
1
a 1 b b
52) 1
= a = =
b 1 a 1 a
b
a 1 b
ili isti zadatak na drugi na in: 1 =
b a
1
a 2 a 2 = 1 b = b
2 2
a 2 b2
53) = ili drugi nain: = 2
b 2 1 a 2 1 a 2 b 2 a
b2

1 b
b
a 1b a = a = b c = bc
1 a 1b b c1 bc
54) = ili drugi nain: = 1 =
c 1 1 1 a 1 a c 1 a a
1
c c

1 a2
a2
a 2 b3 b3 = b3 = a c = a c
2 2
55) 1 2 =
c d 1 2 d2 b2 d 2 b2 d 2
d
c1 c
a 2 b3 a 2 c1 a2c
ili drugi nain: 1 2 = 3 2 = 3 2
c d b d bd

1 b c2
b c 2
x 1bc 2 1 b c 2 y 2 d b c 2 y 2 d bdy 2
56) = x = x3 = = =
y 2 c3 d 1 1 3 1 c x c 3
x c 2
c1
cx
2
c 1
y d 2 1
y d
x 1bc 2 b c 2 y 2 d 1 b c 2 y 2 d bdy 2
ili drugi nain: = = =
y 2 c3 d 1 c 3 x1 c 2 c1 x cx

2
1 1 2 c
c
1 2 2
x b c x1 b 2 x b2 c 2 c3 d c 2+3 d c5 d
57) = = = = =
y 2 c 3 d 1 1 1 y2 x b2 y 2 b 2 xy 2 b 2 xy 2
y2 3 1
c d c3 d
x 1b 2 c 2 c3 d 1 c 2 c 3+ 2 d c5 d
ili drugi nain: 2 3 1 = 1 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 2
y c d x y b b xy b xy

37
M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka M-1- univerzalna zbirka zadataka

9.

38 M.I.M-Sraga centar za poduku

mim-sraga@zg.htnet.hr
tel-01-4578-431