Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anestesi Lokal Vs General
Anestesi Lokal Vs General
intubation tubes rising from their mouth, as nervous family members sit anxiously in the
waiting roomfor a favorable outcome to the devastating situation.
Unlike scenes from fictional television shows, many of the surgeries
done on a daily basis are not as dramatic, and not all require general
anesthesia. As a matter of fact, most fields of medicine use more
several types of anesthesia and ophthalmology (eye care) is no
different.
Ophthalmic Anesthesia - Topical
Topical agents are the most common form of ophthalmic
anesthesia, and are used for a wide variety of things ranging from
preventing discomfort during an eye exam to refractive eye surgery
such as LASIK. Topical ophthalmic anesthetic agents can be
delivered to the cornea in the form of an eye drop, ointment, or
medication soaked pledget. The cornea and surrounding tissues of
the eye are extremely sensitive and contain the more nerves than
any other part of the body, and it is because of this sensitivity that
most diagnostic testing and/or procedures done in ophthalmology
will require anesthesia of some kind.
All topical ophthalmic agents used to numb the surface of the eye
work almost immediately, and are administered by placement in the
cul-de-sac of the lower eyelid (the small pocket made when the
lower lid is pulled down and slightly away from the eyeball).
Common uses for topical anesthesia in ophthalmology are:
applination tonomety (measurement of eye pressure), Schirmer's
testing (measurement of tear production), relief from minor
scratches and/or foreign body sensations, and some refractive
surgeries of the cornea like LASIK.
Many different medications can be used to numb the surface areas
of the eye, however, Proparacaine and tetracaine are the most
widely used. They can be administered as a liquid eye drop or in a
thick ointment form. Less common is the use of Xylocain (lidocaine)
as a topical agent by soaking it into a small cotton pledget and
placed in the cul-de-sac of the eyelid. This is primarily done to
prepare the conjunctiva (tissues around the eyeball) for injection of
a stronger local anesthesia.
The effects of local anesthesia without sedation may last for several
hours depending on the anesthetic agent and amount used. For
most minor in-office procedures, the effects often have worn off
before the patient returns to home, work or school. Patients that
have undergone invasive surgery where MAC sedation in addition to
local agents were used, the effects may last 6-8 hours, and should be
evaluated before leaving the hospital or surgery suite.
After effects from general anesthesia may last longer than those
experienced by patients who have undergone MAC, local, and/or
topical anesthesia. It is not uncommon for a "groggy" feeling to be
present for several hours after the procedure, and in addition a
patient may feel nauseated and light headed. Commonly sore
throats and a raspy voice are reported after the removal of the
breathing tube. General anesthesia often has a more systemic effect
on the body than topical, local or MAC, and complete examination
of a patient's health and medical history should be considered,
however, for some patients, the advantage of being completely
unaware during the procedure out way the risks.
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/5429952/ophthalmologys_3_most_common_forms_pg4
.html?cat=5