Souvenir 2017 - 52nd National Annual Science Conference MaViPa

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52 do
A{Ib ^maVr¶ ‘amR>r {dkmZ A{YdoeZ
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B©‘ob … eduvasundhara@yahoo.in do~gmB©Q> … www.vasundharasow.org
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52do A{Ib ^maVr¶ ‘amR>r {dkmZ A{YdoeZ 2017 1

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2 52do A{Ib ^maVr¶ ‘amR>r {dkmZ A{YdoeZ 2017

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CX²KmQ>H$ … ‘m. lr. à^mH$a e§H$a XodYa
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H¥$fr O¡d{d{dYVm g§dY©Z - d³Vo … lr. g§O¶ nmQ>rb H$m¶m©b¶ … 8275771369, 7522931359 / 7517309236
{~¶mUo CËnmXZmVyZ emídV eoVr - d³Vo … lr. {dbmg Jm¶H$dmS> lr. g{Ve ZmB©H$, H$m¶©dmh - 7517479838
eoVr joÌmVrb ¶emoJmWm - d³Vo … lr. kmZoída ~moS>Ho$ {XßVr ‘moao, g‘Ýd¶H$ - 7517602036
Email - educasundhara@gmail.com
gH$mir 11.30 Vo 1.30 dm. qgYwXþJm©Vrb ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘m§Mo
52 ho A{Ib ^maVr¶ ‘amR>r {dkmZ A{YdoeZ
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S>m°. g§Vmof Hw$S>VaH$a
2. {Zdmg g{‘Vr - lr. amOm JmoIbo, gm¡. A§Obr JmoIbo, lr. ‘hoeHw$‘ma MìhmU,
lr. AmZ§X dgH$a, lr. ‘wHo$e H$igybH$a
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lr‘. {‘bZ {eamoS>H$a
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lr. g{Ve ZmB©H$, lr. A{dZme hmdi, lr. ¶moJoe à^y,
lr. JOmZZ H$m§XiJm§dH$a
5. Bbo³Q´>m°{ZH$ ì¶dñWm g{‘Vr - lr. bú‘U Jmogmdr, lr. ¶ed§V gmiy§Io, lr. Zmam¶U H$moaJm§dH$a
6. à{gÜXr g{‘Vr - lr. bú‘rH$m§V Imo~aoH$a, lr. g§O¶ damS>H$a, lr‘. àmMr {‘amerJm§dH$a,
lr. Jm¡ad na~, lr‘. Á¶moVr na~, lr. amO|Ð Ho$gaH$a
7. ghb g{‘Vr - lr. AqO³¶ Om‘g§S>oH$a, lr. {dZ¶ nmQ>rb, lr. à{dU noS>UoH$a,
8. dmhZ g{‘Vr - lr. à{dU noS>UoH$a, lr. âV nmbd, lr. {dO¶ d|Jwb}H$a,
lr. àVmn MìhmU
9. ñ‘a{UH$m g{‘Vr - lr. {Xbrn hob}H$a, lr. gVre ZmB©H$, lr. A{dZme hmdi,
lr. AemoH$ amUo, lr. à{Xn ~S>}, lr‘. nyOm na~
10. àXe©Z g{‘Vr - lr. gw^mf à^wImZmobH$a, lr. {ddoH$mZ§X ~mb‘, lr. Jm¡ad ZmB©H$
11. {ZYr g§H$bZ g{‘Vr - lr. gr. ~r. ZmB©H$, lr. A{dZme hmdi, lr. AemoH$ amUo
12. ñdmJV g{‘Vr - lr. ¶moJoe à^y, S>m°. Z§XZ gm‘§V, lr. bú‘rH$m§V Imo~aoH$a
13. boIm gwajm g{‘Vr - lr‘. aoí‘m ZmB©H$, lr‘. nyOm na~, lr. JOmZZ gm‘§V
14. Am°J©Zm¶PtJ/g{‘Vr ì¶dñWmnZ - lr. A{dZme hmdi, lr. gVre ZmB©H$, lr. JOmZZ H$m§XiJm§dH$a,
lr. ¶moJoe à^y
15. ì¶dñWmnZ - lr‘. {XßVr ‘moao, lr‘. ¶mo{JZr na~, lr‘. aoUwH$m ZmJmoiH$a,
lr‘. gm¶br Ho$iOr, lr. gVre nS>Vo, lr. ¶ed§V gmiy§Io,
lr. bdy na~

A{YdoeZ Vo A{YdoeZ
lr. A. nm. Xoenm§S>o
H$m¶©dmh, ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afX
2016 gmbMo _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoMo 51 do ApIb ^maVr` A{YdoeZ R>mÊ`mbm Pmbo hmoVo Am{U AmVmMo 52 do A{YdoeZ
Hw$S>mibm hmoV Amho. åhUOo hr XmoÝhr A{YdoeZo H$moH$UmVM Pmbr. H$moH$UmV hmoUmao Hw$S>miMo A{YdoeZ ho H«$_mZo Mm¡Wo Amho. `mnydu 1986
gmbMo A{YdoeZ O¡Vmnyabm Pmbo hmoVo Am{U 1987 gmbr amoømbm Pmbo hmoVo. Voìhm Oer XmoZ bmJmonmR>Mr A{YdoeZo H$moH$UmVM Pmbr
VerM Vr AmVmhr hmoV AmhoV. Hw$S>mibm _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoMm {d^mJ Zmhr na§Vw _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXogmaIoM H$m_ dgw§Yam Q´>ñQ> H$arV
Agë`mZo Am{U Ë`m§Zr _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoMo A{YdoeZ Hw$S>mibm ¿`m`Mo Am_§ÌU {Xë`mZo AmnU ho A{YdoeZ òWo KoV AmhmoV. {edm`
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bmJbr Amho. n[afXobm {_imboë`m EH$m XoUJrÀ`m ì`mOmVyZ `§XmÀ`m dfu n[afXoZo XmoZ B-nwñVHo$ N>mnbr AgyZ AmVm Xadfu n[afX `m
XoUJrVyZ XmoZ Vo VrZ B-nwñVHo$ N>mnUma Amho. Aem V-hoZo g§Ho$VñWi, ìhm°Q>g An Am{U B-nwñVHo$ `m ìXmao n[afX AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m
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H$arV AgyZ `mV J{UV, ^m¡{VH$s, agm`Z, dZñnVr Am{U Ordemó `m {df`mVrb Cƒ {ejUmÀ`m g§Yr~Ôb _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmVo.
n[afXo_Yrb H$m`©H«$_mbm {Xdg|{Xdg H$_r à{VgmX bm^V Agë`mZo AmVm n[afX ~mhoa òD$Z H$m`©H«$_ H$é bmJbr Amho. gmR>ço
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Im§So>H$a (nwUo) `m§Zm hr {eî`d¥Îmr XoÊ`mV Ambr.
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dmQ>bm Jobm. _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoH$So> _hmamï´> {dœH$moe {Z{_©Vr _§S>imZo d¡km{ZH$ Am{U {dkmZ g§emoYZ H$aUmè`m g§ñWmda {dœH$moemÀ`m
Xþgè`m Amd¥ÎmrgmR>r Zm|Xr {b{hÊ`mMo H$m_ {Xbo AgyZ AmVmn`ªV 200 Zm|Xr {d{dY boIH$m§Zr {bhÿZ n[afXoH$So> nmR>{dë`m AmhoV. hr Amd¥Îmr
B§Q>aZoQ> Amd¥Îmr AgUma Amho. Ah_Xm~mX ZJanm{bHo$~amo~a VoWrb KZH$Mè`mMr {dëhodmQ> bmdyZ Ë`mda D$Om© {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r BVa
AmUIr XmoZ g§ñWm~amo~a n[afXoZo H$ama Ho$bm Amho. `§XmÀ`m dfm©V qgYwXþJ© {OëhçmVrb Am§~mobr òWo n[afXoMm EH$ {d^mJ Zì`mZo gwé Pmbm
Amho. VgoM ZdrZ Zm§XoS> hm {d^mJ gwé Pmbm.
n[afXoÀ`m {d^mJ g§ñWm - n[afXoÀ`m nwUo {d^mJmV XmoZ _m{gH$ ì`m»`mZ_mbm Zì`mZo gwé Pmë`m AgyZ Ë`mVrb EH$ ì`m»`mZ_mbm
nwÊ`mÀ`m Am`ga g§ñWo~amo~a gwé Pmbr AgyZ Xþgar _hmamï´> Zm°boO H$m°nm}aoeZ~amo~a gwé Pmbr Amho. R>mUo {d^mJmZo E¸$mdÞmdo A{YdoeZ
_moR>çm {X_mImV gmOao Ho$bo. ~moS>u {d^mJmZo EAa _m°So>qbJ emo Ho$bm. nZdob {d^mJmZo KoVboë`m AmZ§XXm`r {dkmZ H$m`©emiobm 345 _wbo
CnpñWV hmoVr. VioJmd {d^mJmZo n`m©daU {XZm{Z{_Îm d¥j bmJdS> Ho$br. bmoUmdim {d^mJmZo ^maVr` A§Vami g§emoYZ g§ñWoMo àXe©Z
Am`mo{OV Ho$bo hmoVo. g§J_Zoa {d^mJmZo _m§ ~MmAmo ~oQ>r nT>mAmo H$m`©H«$_ _moR>çm à_mUmda KoVbm. \$bQ>U {d^mJmZo ßbmpñQ>H$ {Z_y©bZmda
ì`m»`mZo Ho$br. gm§Jbr {d^mJmZo A_o[aHo$Vrb àm. _mYwar ~mnQ> ì`m»`mZo Am`mo{OV Ho$br. A_o[aHo$Vrb S>m°. _wHw§$X _mohara `m§Mr VrZ
ì`m»`mZo ZmJnya {d^mJmZo Am`mo{OV Ho$br hmoVr. H$moëhmnya {d^mJmZo {H$emoa d¡km{ZH$ `moOZo~Ôb _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo. JS>qh½bO {d^mJmZo VrZ
VmbwH$mñVar` ~mb{dkmZ g§_obZo Am`mo{OV Ho$br. AmOam {d^mJmZo ñdÀN>Vm A{^`mZ am~dbo. gm§Jmobm {d^mJmZo dÝÒrd gámh gmOam
Ho$bm d {ZgJ© N>m`m{MÌm§Mo àXe©Z âdbo. Ywio {d^mJmZo {dkmZmVrb àH$ën à{ejUmMm H$m`©H«$_ KoVbm. gmH«$s {d^mJmZo {Z_m©ë`XmZ
CnH«$_ Ho$bm. Zm{eH$ {d^mJmZo e{Zdmar {dkmZdmar H$m`©H«$_ KoVbm. OiJmd {d^mJmZo AmR>do amÁ`ñVar` ~mb {dkmZ g§_obZ Am{U {Vgao
{dkmZgm{hË` g§_obZo KoVbr. C§~aIoS> {d^mJmZo amZ^mÁ`m§Mr ñnYm© KoVbr. Am¡a§Jm~mX {d^mJmZo {Xì`m§J _wbm§gmR>r H$m`©emim KoVbr.
OmbZm {d^mJmZo Am¡fYr dZñnVtMo àXe©Z âdbo. CXJra {d^mJmZo Am§Vaamï´>r` H$S>YmÝ` dfm©{Z{_Îm Xhm emim§V H$m`©H«$_ Ho$bo. {H$ZdQ>
{d^mJmZo n`m©daU nyaH$ _yVu à{ejU d ñnYm© KoVë`m. ~wbT>mUm {d^mJmZo nmUr ~MVrda H$m`©H«$_ Ho$bo. AH$mobm {d^mJmZo amo~mo{Q>Šgda
H$m`©emim KoVbr. A_amdVr {d^mJmZo {d_mZo ~ZdÊ`mMr H$m`©emim KoVbr. Amdu {d^mJmZo J{UV gm{hË` {Z{_©Vr H$m`©emim KoVbr. dUr
{d^mJmZo \$Q>mH$m àXÿfU d Z¡g{J©H$ a§JmZo hmoir Ioim `mda H$m`©H«$_ KoVbo. nwgX {d^mJmZo ÜdZr àXÿfUmda H$m`©H«$_ KoVbo. damoam, Ahoar,
Am{U JS>{Mamobr {d^mJm§Zr H$S>YmÝ`md§a H$m`©H«$_ KoVbo. dS>gm {d^mJmZo _{hbm g§emoYH$ nmoñQ>a àXe©Z KoVbo. Jmodm {d^mJmZo 149 emimV
{dkmZ _§S>io Mmbdbr. ~oiJmd {d^mJmZo ßbmpñQ>H$ {Z_y©bZmda H$m`©H«$_ Ho$bo.
- A. nm§. Xoenm§So>, H$m`©dmh
_amR>r {dkmZ n[afX
A{YdoeZmMo CX²KmQ>H$
lr. à^mH$a e§H$a XodYa
à^mH$a e§H$a XodYa ¶m§Mm OÝ‘ nwÊ¶mV Ambm AgyZ embo¶ {ejU ZyVZ ‘amR>r {dÚmb¶ øm à»¶mV emioV Ambo.
Ë¶m§Zr ~r. B©. (Q>o{bH$m°‘) hr A{^¶m§{ÌH$s‘Yrb nXdr 1956 gmbr, nwÊ¶mÀ¶m A{^¶m§{ÌH$s ‘hm{dÚmb¶mV {eHy$Z {deof
àm{dÊ¶mgh {‘idbr Amho. 1956 Vo 1962 Aer ghm df} Vo g§emoYZ joÌmV H$m‘ H$aV hmoVo. ¶m Xaå¶mZ Ë¶m§Zr Q>mQ>m ‘yb^yV
g§emoYZ g§ñWoV Am{U B¨{S>¶Z H$mCpÝgb Am°’$ ‘o{S>H$b [agM©À¶m (Am¶grE‘Ama) Am{YnË¶mImbrb à¶moJemioV ‘o{S>H$b
Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g {d^mJmV H$m‘ Ho$bo.
g§emoYZ Am{U {dH$mg joÌmVrb ImgJr à¶moJemim Ë¶m§Zr 1962 gmbr ñWmnZ Ho$br. 1964 gmbr ¶oWrb
g§emoYZmda AmYm[aV D$Om©{df¶H$ ¶§ÌmMo CËnmXZ Am{U {dH«$s gwé Ho$br. VgoM VnmgUr Am{U ‘moO‘mnZ H$aUmar drOoda
MmbUmar ¶§Ìo {dH${gV Ho$br. ~±H$m§H$[aVm EQ>rE‘ Am{U {H$aH$moi ì¶mnma joÌmVrb AmYw{ZH$sH$aUmgmR>rMr ¶§Ìo, AÚm¶mdV
ñd¶§M{bV noQ´>mobn§n Am{U Ho$~b‘Yrb Xmof hþS>Hy$Z H$mT>Umar ¶§Ìo, A°ßb°~ ¶m Ë¶m§Zr ñWmnZ Ho$boë¶m H§$nZrZo {dH${gV Ho$bobr
AmhoV. XoemVM Zìho, Va naXoem§Vhr ¶m gd© ¶§Ìm§Zm Mm§Jbr ‘mJUr Amho, Vr Ë¶m ¶§Ìm§À¶m CËH¥$ï> XOm©‘wioM. A°ßb°~ H§$nZrMo
H$maImZo ‘§w~B©, Zdr ‘w§w~B©, R>mUo, nwUo ¶m§gh XoeâmV AgyZ Ë¶m§Mr dm{f©H$ CbmT>mb Odinmg é. 150 H$moQ>tÀ¶mda Amho. Hr
gJir H$m‘{Jar XodYam§À¶m ZoV¥Ëdm‘wioM gmÜ¶ Pmbr Amho. Ë¶m‘wioM Ë¶m§Zm ^maVmVrb Am¶B©Q>rB© ¶m g§ñWoMr {deof ’o$bmo{en,
VgoM Am¶B©B©B© ¶m A‘o[aH$mpñWV g§ñWoMr Vh¶mV ’o$bmo{ennU {‘imbobr Amho. ¶mIoarO, Vo BpÝñQ>Q>çyeZ Am°’$ B§{O{ZAg©,
B§{S>¶m Am{U B§{S>¶Z AH°$S>‘r Am°’$ B§{O{ZAg©Mo ’o$bmo AmhoV. VìXVM, ~«m°S>H$mpñQ>¨J B§{O{ZAg© gmogm¶Q>rZohr Ë¶m§Zm ‘mZX
’o$bmo{en {Xbobr Amho.
Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVrb ¶m CëboIZr¶ H$m‘{Jar~amo~aM Ë¶m§Zr ^maV gaH$maÀ¶m Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g Am¶moJmMo AÜ¶jnX,
1986 Vo 1988 ¶m H$mimV ^yf{dbo Amho. 1988 Vo 1990 gmbmXaå¶mZ Vo n§VàYmZ lr. amOrd Jm§Yr ¶m§Mo Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g
{df¶mMo gëbmJma hmoVo. 1992-93 Xaå¶mZ Vo ^maV gaH$maÀ¶m ~«m°S>H$mñQ> H$mCpÝgbMo AÜ¶j hmoVo. Ë¶mMà‘mUo B©.Q>r. A°ÊS>
Q>r ¶m gmd©O{ZH$ joÌmVrb emgH$s¶ CÚmoJmMo Vo 1984 Vo 1989 ¶m H$mbmdYrV AÜ¶j hmoVo. ‘hmamï´> gaH$maÀ¶m ‘oëQ´>m°Z
H$m°nm}aoeZMo AÜ¶jnX Ë¶m§Zr 1982 Vo 1984 ¶m H$mimV, Va ‘hmZJa J°g {b{‘Q>oS> ¶m nmB©nìXmao J°g nwa{dUmè¶m g§¶w³V
joÌmVrb H§$nZrMo Ë¶m§Zr 1996 Vo 1999 ¶m H$mbmdYrV AÜ¶jnX ^yf{dbo Amho.
¶mIoarO, 1982 Vo 19991 Xaå¶mZ Vo amOrd Jm§YrMo (ImgXma Vo n§VàYmZ) d¡¶p³VH$ gëbmJma hmoVo. Ë¶m§Zr
‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g joÌmV ^maVmVrb ObX JVrZo Pmboë¶m àJVrbm Zm{dÊ¶nyU© H$ënZm dmnéZ hmV^ma
bmdbm Amho.
1983 gmbr Ë¶m§Zr ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g joÌmVrb bm¶gÝg amO g§nmdm¶bm gwédmV H$éZ {Xbr.
Ë¶m‘wio Bbo³Q´>m°{Z³g CÚmoJmMr CbmT>mb 1983-84 gmbm§‘Yrb 1200 H$moQ>tdéZ 1989-90 gmbm§V 9400 H$moQ>tn¶ªV
nmohmoMbr. H$mam{Jam§Zm à{ejU XoÊ¶mH$[aVm Ë¶m§Zr ‘m{hVr V§ÌkmZ Am{U Xÿa{MÌdmUr ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§Mm dmna H$am¶bm gwédmV
Ho$br. Ë¶mH$[aVm bmJUmè¶m pìh{S>Amo H°$goQ>Mr {Z{‘©Vr Ë¶m§Zr B©. Q>r. A°ÊS> Q>rMo AÜ¶j AgVmZm Ho$br. d¡¶p³VH$ nmVirda
g§JUH$mMm dmna dmT>dÊ¶mgmR>r, Ë¶mÀ¶m {H$‘Vr H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zr nwT>mH$ma KoVbm. ‘Hmamï´> emgZmMm ‘oëQ´>m°Z CÚmoJ
1982 gmbr 3.2 H$moQ>r én¶o VmoQ>çmV hmoVm, Vmo Amnë¶m H$m¡eë¶mZo 1984 gmbr Ë¶m§Zr 22 H$moQ>r én¶m§À¶m ’$m¶ÚmV
AmUbm. Aer Ë¶m§Mr H$m‘{Jar Agë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Zm A‘o[aHo$À¶m B§{O{ZAatJ ‘°ZoOa Am°’$ X B¶a 1990 ¶m nwañH$mamZo Jm¡a{dbo.
AmOVmJm¶V, hm nwañH$ma {‘i{dUmao Vo EH$‘od, A‘o[aHo$~mhoarb ZmJarH$ AmhoV. VgoM Ë¶m§À¶m Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVrb
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1996 gmbr Pmboë¶m OmJ{VH$ ‘amR>r n[afXoÀ¶m Ooégbo‘ (BñÌm¶b) ¶oWo âboë¶m A{YdoeZmMo Vo AÜ¶j hmoVo.
VgoM OmJ{VH$ ‘amR>r AH$mX‘rMo Vo 1997 Vo 1999 ¶m H$mimV AÜ¶j hmoVo. Ë¶mM H$mbmdYrV Vo ‘hmamï´> BH$Zm°{‘H$
S>oìhb‘|Q> H$mCpÝgbMohr AÜ¶j hmoVo. 1996 Vo 2000 ¶m H$mimV Vo Zdr {Xëbr ¶oWrb Am°b B§{S>¶m H$mCpÝgb ’$m°a
EÁ¶wHo$eZ Q>o³Zm°bm°OrMo AÜ¶j hmoVo. ZmJnya ¶oWo âboë¶m ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoMo AÜ¶j åhUyZ H$m‘ nmhV AmhoV. 2005
gmbmnmgyZ Vo ^maV- MrZ BH$m°Zm°{‘H$ Am{U H$ëMab H$mCpÝgbÀ¶m AÜ¶jnXr AmhoV.
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1979 gmbr EH$ nwñVH$ {b{hbo AmhoV, nU Ë¶m{edm¶ {XëbrVrb AZw^dmda AmY[aV "H°${nQ>b n{Ze‘|Q>' Xÿa{MÌdmUrMm
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åhUmdr bmJob.

‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoMo AÜ¶j
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g§MmbH$ nXmn`ªV nmohmoMbo. gZ 2009 _Üò g§MmbH$ nXmdéZ Vo {Zd¥Îm Pmbo. Ë`m§À`m H$m`©H$mimV g§ñWobm ~mhoéZ {_iUmè`m
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VéU g§emoYH$ åhUyZ B§{S>`Z Z°eZb gm`Ýg A°H°$S>‘rMo nXH$ (1981), A_a S>m`Ho$_ nwañH$ma (1983), `§J
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Ë`m§À`m H$m`m©Mm Jm¡ad Ho$bm Amho.
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gm¡aD$Om© `m{df`r g§emoYZ àH$ën Am{U {ZYr C^maUr, `mìXmao Ë`m§Zr Amnbr N>mn nmS>br Amho. n[afXoMo BVa àH$ën AI§S>nUo
gwé ahmdoV `mgmR>rhr Ë`m§Mo _mJ©Xe©Z d nmqR>~m _mobmMm Amho.

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g§nH©$ H«$. - 02362 222375
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AmoIm `mV gyÌYma åhUyZ _hËdmMr ^y{_H$m ~Omdbr. 1991 gmbr Jmodm òWo ñdV§Ì[aË`m ^maV OmoS>mo A{^`mZmMo Am`moOZ Ho$bo.
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Am§Vaamï´>r` nwañH$ma 1983 gmbr {_imbobm Amho. VgoM Vo _hmamï´> gaH$maMo Am°Zaar dmBëS>bmB\$ dm°S©>Z hr O~m~Xmar Ë`m§Zr
~mam df} (1987 Vo 1998) gm§^mibr Amho .
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H$m`m©bm Ë`m§Zr dmhÿZ KoVbo Amho.

H$m¶©dmh, ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afX
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OÝ‘ñWmZ Am{U {XZm§H$ …

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* OmZodmar 1965 Vo Zmoìh|~a 1965 - Eñgmo noQ´>mo{b¶‘ H§$nZr, ‘w§~B©
* {S>g|~a 1965 Vo Zmoìh|~a 1967 - Amo[aE§Q>b H°$Z ‘°Ý¶yµ’°$³M[a¨J H§$nZr, ‘w§~B©
* {S>g|~a 1967 Vo Am°JñQ> 1997 - Z°eZb Am°J}{ZH$ Ho${‘H$b B§S>ñQ´>rO {b{‘Q>oS> (Zmo{gb), R>mUo (ñdoÀN>m{Zd¥Îmr)
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* ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afX, ‘Ü¶dVuMo H$m¶©dmh - Am°JñQ> 1975 Vo AmOVmJm¶V 42 df}
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* amÁ¶ñVamda 41 Am{U amï´>r¶ ñVamda 10 g§‘obZo ¶m§Mo Am¶moOZ … Am§Vaamï>r¶ ñVamda XmoZ n[ag§dmX (Bòm¶ob Am{U
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* ‘hmamï´> gm{hË¶ n[afX, nwUo - {dkmZ J«§WH$ma nwañH$ma 2006

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* nXmWmªMr ZdbmB©, 2006 * n[aga Am{U ñdmdb§~Z, 2007
* D$Om© Am{U ñdmdb§~Z, 2007
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* {dkmZ¶mÌr - S>m°. A{Zb H$mH$moS>H$a, 2011 (ghboIH$ - S>m°. lram‘ ‘Zmoha)
ñdV§Ì boIZ -
* AmnËH$mbrZ ¶§ÌUm, 2001 * ñda¶k, 2005
* {dX²dÁOZ 2005 * {dkmZ d V§ÌkmZ{df¶H$, àJVr, 2010
* {dkmZ¶mÌr - S>m°. ‘mYd {MVio, 2011 * {dkmZ¶mÌr - S>m°. ‘mYd JmS>Jri, 2011
* {dkmZ¶mÌr - S>m°. dg§V JmodmarH$a, 2011 * H°$ZS>m, 2011
* eoVrVÁk - S>m°. Am. ^¡. Omoer, 2013
* S>m°. aKwZmW ‘meobH$a - ^maVr¶ ~m¡pÜXH$ g§nXoMm CX²JmVm, 2013
* ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afX - Zm~mX 51, 2016
BVa nwñVH$mV boIZ -
* ‘hmamï´>mVrb g‘mOnardV©ZmÀ¶m {Xem, 1989 (boI - ‘amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoda)
* H$V¥ÎdmÀ¶m Jm¡adJmWm, 1990 (boI - O¶§V ZmairH$am§da)
* kmZ{‘Ì - 1991 (boI - N>§X bmJbm Ordmbm ¶mda)
* ñdag§Xoe, 1996 (boI - {dÚmWu Am{U {dkmZ ¶mda)
* Agmhr EH$ n§{S>VamO {dÚmYa, 1997 (boI {dÚmYa JmoIë¶m§da)
* MVwa§J S>m¶ar, 2000 (boI - ‘hmamï´>mVrb nmUr àíZ)
* EH$ S>m°³Q>a Agbobm B§{O{ZAa, 2014 (boI - S>m°. qM. ‘mo. n§{S>Vm§da)

gÝ‘mZH$ar
lr. ^mD$ H$mQ>Xao
* B. 7 dr n¶ªV {ea, Vm. JwhmJa, {O. qgYwXþJ©

* B. 8 dr nmgwZ {MniyU ¶oWo dmñVì¶
1982 gmbr g§Kf© H«$sS>m ‘§S>i, {MniyU hr H$~È>rMr g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$br.
* gZ 1990 n¶ªV H$~È>r ‘Ü¶o gh^mJr {Oëô¶mVrb EH$ AmKmS>rMm g§K åhUyZ Zmd
* 9 ’o$~«wdmar 1992 amoOr gømÐr {ZgJ© {‘ÌMr ñWmnZm d g§ñWoÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {ZgJ© g§dY©ZmMo ¶eñdr H$m¶©
* 1996 Vo 2000 nm§T>è¶m nmoQ>mÀ¶m gmJar Jê$S>mMm Aä¶mg. àW‘M g§nyU© {dUrMm Aä¶mg d {MÌrH$aU
* 2000 Vo 2002 gmbr ^maVr¶ nmH$moir g§ajU g§dY©Z. d|Jwë¶m©Odi g‘wÐmV gmS>o AmR> {H$.‘r. A§Vamda Agboë¶m ~oQ>mdarb
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* 2002 Vo 2014 gmJar H$mgd g§ajU gd§Y©Z gd© ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m {H$Zmè¶mda àH$ën ¶eñdr Ho$bm
doimg JmdmV ^maVmVrb n{hbo amoOramoQ>rVyZ H$mgd g§dY©Z ‘m°S>ob Cô Ho$bo d 2014 gmbr J«m‘ñWmZm gwnyV© Ho$bo.
* AË¶§V XþJ©‘ Jmd 10 dfm©V OJmÀ¶m ZH$memda Ambo d J«m‘ñWm§Zm {ZgJ© g§dY©ZmVyZ CËnÞmMo ñÌmoV {Z‘m©U Pmbo.
* {JYmS>m§Mo 2004 nmgyZ g§dY©Z g§ajU. àW‘M {JYmS>m§Zm ImÚmMr H$‘VaVm ho emoYyZ H$mT>bo. Zmaimdarb {JYmS>m§À¶m
KaQ>çm‘wio hmoUmè¶m ZwH$gmZrgmR>r ê$. 400/- gmZwJ«h AZwXmZ ‘§Owa H$ê$Z KoVbo.
* 2016 ‘Ü¶o gd© OJmV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {eH$ma hmoUmè¶m Idbo ‘m§OamÀ¶m g§ajU d g§dY©ZmMr ‘hmamï´>mV àW‘ gwê$dmV
* 2015 gmbnmgyZ H$moH$UmV ZoÌXmZ d XohXmZ Midi Mmby Ho$br. AmVmn¶ªV EHy$Z 32 ZoÌXmZ ¶eñdr VgoM 5 XohXmZ
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* amÁ¶ O¡d{d{dYVm ~moS>m©À¶m àmUr Vk H${‘Q>rMo gXñ¶
* 2007 nmgyZ ‘hmamï´> njr{‘Ì g§ñWoMo AÜ¶j
* gømÐr {ZgJ© {‘ÌMo AÜ¶j
* 2004 Vo 2013 ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ dÝ¶Ord gëbmJma ‘§S>imMo gXñ¶
* nyU© doi ZmoH$ar gm§^miyZ darb gd© H$m¶}
darb gd© H$m‘{Jar‘wio {d{dY nwañH$ma àmßV Ë¶mVrb ‘hËdmMo Imbrb à‘mUo -
1. dgw§Yam {‘Ì nwañH$ma - dgwY§am B§Q>aZ°eZb {µ’$ë‘ ’o$ñQ>rdb, nwUo ‘mM© 2008
2. g±À¶yAar Ama ~r Eg dmB©ëS> gpìh©g A°dmS>© - 29 OmZodmar 2008
3. AZÝ¶ gÝ‘mZ - Pr 27 Vmg - 4 µ’o$~«wdmar 2011
4. H$mb©Prg dÝ¶ Ord g§ajU nwañH$ma 2013 - Carl Zeiss India - 23 ‘mM© 2013
5. dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ nwañH$ma - dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ H¥${f g§emoYZ d J«m‘rU {dH$mg à{Vð>mZ ‘w§~B© - 1 Owb¡ 2013

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2. nmobrg Cn{Z[ajH$ (2006-2010) - aËZm{Jar eha nmobrg ñQ>oeZ
3. ‘w»¶m{YH$mar - d|Jwb} ZJan[afX, d|Jwb}
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8. 2.5 H$moQ>r aH$‘oMm nwañH$ma 9. dgw§Yam nwañH$ma 2017
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gaH$mar A{YH$mar, {ejH$ Am{U {dÚmWuhr hmoVo. 1 Vo 10 `m à_mUnÅ>rda `m àýmdbtM§ n¥WH$H$aU Ho$ë`mda Ambobm {ZîH$f©
Y¸$mXm`H$ hmoVm. `m àm{V{ZYrH$ ì`mdgm{`H$ JQ>mMr n`m©daU g§doXZmerbVm à_mUnÅ>rda 2 À`m AmOy~mOybm a|JmiV hmoVr!
Aem AdñWoV `m ì`mdgmq`H$m§H$Sy>Z {Z`mo{OV Ho$bobm {dH$mg' H$gm Agob hr H$ënZm H$am. AmOhr n[apñWVr \$maer ~Xbbobr
Zmhr ho g^modVmbÀ`m ehar AdñWoVyZ H$iV§M. hr n`m©daU {dMma OmJ¥Vr emim-_hm{dÚmb` nmVirnmgyZM ìhm`bm nm{hOo
Am{U ì`mdgmq`H$m_Üò Ë`mMr gwadmV Kam'nmgyZ ìhm`bm hdr. AWm©V hr g§doXZerbVm Ka _mbH$m§_Üò, Aerbm§_Üòhr `m`bm
hdr Am{U ~-`mM à_mUmV hr O~m~Xmar ì`mdgm{`H$m§ZrM ¿`m`bm hdr. H$mhr dfmªnydu Am`Z EŠñM|O' `m à»`mV CÚmoJmgmR>r
Amåhr am`JS> {OëømVrb J«m_rU n[agamV {ZgJ©Ym_mMr g§H$ën{MÌ§ H$aV hmoVmo. Am_À`m Aerbm§À`m Anojm Am{U Am_À`m
g§H$ënZm `mV O_rZ-Añ_mZmM§ A§Va nS>V hmoV§. Ë`m§Zm nm{ü_mË` nÕVrÀ`m aMZm hdm hmoË`m Am{U Am_À`m g§H$ënZm Va
JmdR>r' hmoË`m! eodQ>r A{YH$m-`m§Zr _bm Ë`m§À`m AÜ`jm§À`m g_moa C^§' Ho$b§. `m A{YH$m-`m§Zr Kam§Mr {d{dY {MÌ§ - AmamISo>

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hmoV§, Aer Ka§ BWo Amnë`m AmOy~mOyÀ`m J«m_rU n[agamV gd©Ì AmhoV. gd© Xoeâ n[aga AZwHy$b Ka§M na§naoZo ~m§Ybr OmVmV.
Aer nwñVH§$ _mÌ CnbãY ZmhrV, nU Vwåhr g§Yr {XbrV Va Amåhr Aem Kam§M§ XñVEodOrH$aU Vw_À`mgmR>r H$ê$. AÜ`j e§H$a
a§JZmWZ ho n`m©daU g§doXZmerb A{YH$mar hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm hr H$ënZm AmdS>br. Amåhr Ë`m§Zm _hmamï´>mVrb d¡{eï²>`nyU© ^m¡Jmo{bH$-
{ZgJ© n[agam§Vrb 100 Jmdm§Vrb Kam§M§ gd}jU H$aÊ`mMm àH$ën gmXa Ho$bm. Am_Mm nmM-ghm OUm§Mm M_y ho H$m_ df©â
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_amR>dmS>m, Xoe, _mdi Am{U H$moH$U n[agamVrb 50 Jmdm§Vrb Kam§M§ gd}jU Am{U Vnerb Zm|XrH$aU H$ê$Z g{MÌ Ahdmb gmXa
Ho$bm. Ë`mZ§Va Am_À`m {ZgJ©Ym_mÀ`m g§H$ën AmamIS>çm§Zm Ëd[aV _mÝ`Vm {_imbr Am{U bdH$aM Am_À`m {dMmam§Zwgma
H$m_hr nwa§ Pmb§.
_hm{dÚmb`mV {_iUmè`m ì`mdgm{`H$ {ejUmbm AZoH$ _`m©Xm AgVmV. ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr Ë`mV nwT>rb {ejUmVyZ,
Aä`mgmVyZ, {dMmam§À`m AmXmZ-àXmZmVyZ, AZw^dmVyZ {d{dYm§Jr â Q>mH$Ê`mMr JaO AgVo. dmñVwH$bmVkm§Zr nwT>o OmD$Z ZJa
{Z`moOZ, n[aga {Z`moOZ, nm`m^yV gmo`r {Z`moOZ, n`m©daU {Z`moOZ BË`mXr joÌ§hr g_OyZ ¿`m`bm hdrV, Ë`mV gh^mJr
ìhm`bm hd§. Ë`mhr nwT>rb Amdí`H$ nmàr åhUOo dmñVw-ì`mdgm{`H$m§Zr ZJa {dH$mgmÀ`m bmoH$MidirV gh^mJr hmoU§, Am§XmobZ§
gwê$ H$aU§. g§Vw{bV eha {dH$mg Aem ñd`§godr, bmoH$ gh^mJmVyZ A{YH$ H$m`©j_ hmoD$ eHo$b. ZJa {dH$mg hr Ia§ Va bmoH$
Midi ìhm`bm hdr. _hmË_m Jm§YrOtÀ`m J«m_ {dH$mg g§H$ënZoV l_XmZmda â hmoVm. VrM g§H$ënZm eham§Zm bmJy Ho$br Va?
H$ënZm H$am, _w§~B©Mr bmoH$g§»`m AmO gw_mao 130 bmI Amho. Ë`mVrb AJXr 5% bmoH$m§Zr AmR>dS>çmVyZ àËòH$s XmoZ Vmg Oar
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AmhoV, n`m©daU g§VwbZmgmR>r H$m`Xo AmhoV. ñd`§godr bmoH$gh^mJmVyZ `mM H$m`Úm§Zm, {Z`_m§Zm Z¡{VH$VoM§ n[a_mU {_iy eHo$b,
{dH$mgmMr Z¡{VH$ {Z`_mdbr ~Zy eHo$b. H$mhr dfmªnydu O¡d{d{dYVm H$m`Xm A§_bmV Ambm. Ë`mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r YmoaU
AmIUr H$aVmZm ehar O¡d{d{dYVm' `m {df`mda {dMma _m§S>Ê`mMr g§Yr _bm {_imbr Am{U _r eha {Z`moOZmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ
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amï´>r` hmoVo. ^y-dmnamM§ EH$ n[a_mU gd©_mÝ` Amho 1/3 O_rZ dZ§ Am{U dÝÒrdm§gmR>r, 1/3 O_rZ eoVr-CÚmZ§ dJ¡ao _mZd
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g§Vw{bV {dH$mgmH$So> {Z{üVnUo OmD$. ho ^y-dmnamM§ T>mo~i n[a_mU _r _mÂ`m Z¡{VH$ {Z`_mdbrMm à_wI AmYma åhUyZ R>odbm
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g§H$ënZm§da AmYmarV Agbo Var Vo n[aga g§emoYZmÀ`m ghmæ`mZoM nwT>o OmVmV. {dH$mgmM§ {dH|$ÐrH$aU hm à_wI KQ>H$ Am_À`m
Z¡{VH$ {Z`_mdbrV Amho. ^maVmbm Ia§M AñVmì`ñV dmT>Um-`m _hmZJam§Mr JaO Amho H$m? ^maVmV ñdmV§Í`mMm gy`m}X` hmoV
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pñdH$mabm _hmZJa§' {Z{_©VrMm, ñ_mQ>©' eham§Mm. AmO ^maVmVrb gd©M eham§Mr n[apñWVr H§$Jmb Pmbr Amho, ^`mZH$VoH$So>
dmQ>Mmb H$aV Amho. eha§ Am{W©H$ {df_VoMr, n`m©daU èhmgmMr {MÝh§ Pmbr AmhoV. gaH$ma {dH$mgH$m§À`m \$m`ÚmgmR>r MQ>B©joÌ
eha j_Vm' _`m©Xon{bH$So> dmT>dV Amho, {dH$mg {Z`_mdbrV gyQ> XoV Amho, n`m©daU H$m`Xo ~mOybm gmaV Amho. B_maVr, a{hdmgr
g§Hw$b§ C^r ahmV AmhoV. Xþg-`m ~mOybm PmonS>nQ>Q>çmhr dmT>V AmhoV. AmO Odi Odi gd© eham§V 50% A{YH$ bmoH$g§»`m
PmonS>çmV ahmV Amho H$maU ehamVrb Kam§À`m qH$_Vr AmH$membm {^S>ë`m AmhoV, Cƒ _Ü`_dJm©bmhr nadS>Ê`mn{bH$So> Joë`m
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dmñVwH$bm, ZJa {Z`moOZ, n[aga {Z`moOZ, n`m©daU {Z`moOZ ho {dkmZ Amho Am{U Ë`mH$So> d¡km{ZH$ Ñï>rH$moZmVyZM nm{hb§
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H$maUmZo `m ^m|Xÿ{JarV dmhdbo OmV AmhoV.
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Hw$Qw>§~mVyZ, Kam-KamVyZ, nwT>o emim§_YyZ q~~dbm Jobm nm{hOo. Ë`mgmR>r _wbm§Zm, {dÚmÏ`mªZm _wº$ {dMmam§Mr, ñd`§àoaUm§Mr _w^m
nmbH$m§Zr Am{U {ejH$m§Zr Úm`bm nm{hOo. Hw$Vyhb, {ZarjU, dmMZ, à`moJ, Aä`mg, ñd`§{ejU `m§da â {Xbm nm{hOo.
_mJ©Xe©Z Agmd§, à{ejUmda, n[ajm§da A{Vâ Agy Zò. AmOÀ`m {ejUnÕVrH$So>M doJù`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ, S>moignUo nhm`bm
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g§ñH$ma, Ë`m§M§ ñdê$n, _`m©Xm qH$dm A{Ve`moº$s ho _hÎdmM§ AgV§. Am_À`m KamV g§ñH$ma hmoVo, A{Ve`moº$s Va ZìhVrM nU
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OmoS> à`moJ, dmMZmb`, g§doXZmerb {ejH$ `m§Mr hmoVr. {dÚmWu EH$_oH$m§Zm _XV H$aV. ñnYm© Oê$a hmoVr, nU _Ëga ZìhVm,
H$m¡VwH$ hmoV§. `mVyZM d¡{dÜ`nyU©, {damoYm^mgr {dMmaYmam qH$dm VÎdkmZm§Mr AmoiI ìhm`bm bmJbr, Hw$Vyhb dmQ>m`bm bmJb§.
EH$mM doir ~wÕ, Oo. H¥$îU_yVu, aOZre, Jm§Yr, _mH«²$g, Mo Jodoam, ZjbdmXr, g§K, g_mOdmX, Am§~oS>H$a, \w$bo dJ¡a|M§ dmMZ ìhm`bm
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hohr Hw$Vyhb {Z_m©U H$am`bm bmJbo. _hm{dÚmb`mVrb {ejU ho _mJ©Xe©Z ñdê$nmM§ hmoV§. Ia§ {ejU dmMZmb`, AZw^d `m§VyZ
Pmbob§ ñd`§{ejUM hmoV§. _bm CÚmZaMZm `m {df`mMr AmdS> hmoVr Am{U nXì`wÎma {ejU ¿`m`M§ hmoV§. nU bJoMM gwê$ Ho$bobm
ì`dgm` Am{U Am{W©H$ {dd§MZm `m§_wio naXoer OmU§ eŠ` ZìhV§. _J à`ËZ gwê$ Pmbo ñd`§ Aä`mgmMo. Ë`mMdoir _r _w§~B©
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AZm¡nMm[aH$[aË`m dZñnVremó {eH$m`Mm nU {VWë`m Zm_d§V g§emoYH$m§Zr, {deofV… {VWë`m _moH$ù`m dmVmdaUmZo g§nyU© {ZgJ©
Aä`mgmM§ XmbZM _mÂ`mgmR>r Iwb§ Ho$b§. S>m°. gbr_ Abr, hþ_m`yZ AãXþbAbr, àm. ~mobo, S>m°. S°>{Z`b, _mg}{bZ Aë_oS>m
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EdT>rM nmÌVm nwaoer hmoVr. _r hmoVmo EH$ dmñVwH$bmVk nU {VWo _bm {ZgJ© g§emoYZ àH$ënmVhr gh^mJ KoVm Ambm. _r Ë`mdoir
nyU© {Xdg ZmoH$ar H$am`Mmo, Ë`m_wio dmMZmb`mgmR>r _mÂ`mgmR>rMm doi \$º$ g§Ü`mH$miMm hmoVm. ~m°å~o ZoMab {hñQ´>r
gmogm`Q>rÀ`m (~rEZEMEg) g§MmbH$m§Zr _bm {VWb§ dmMZmb` Am{U g§X^© g§J«hmb` 24 Vmg Iwb§ H$ê$Z {Xb§. hoM d¡{eï²>` g|Q>
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S°>{Z`b, ~mobo `m§Zr _bm _mÂ`m {ZarjUm§da AmYmarV emoY{Z~§Y {bhm`bm CÎmoOZ {Xb§, _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$b§. ñdV§Ì g§emoYZ àH$ën
¿`m`bm ghH$m`© Am{U _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$b§. AmO n[agaemó, n`m©daUemó `m§da AmYm[aV C^maboë`m Am_À`m CÚmZaMZm,
dmñVwaMZm, n[aga AmamISo>, n`©Q>Z {Z`moOZ àH$ën `m§_mJrb nmœ©^y_r hr Amho. _bm A{^_mZ dmQ>Vmo H$s XoemV n`m©daU
H$m`Úm§Mr A§_b~OmdUr gwê$ ìhm`À`m AmYrM Am_À`m ì`dgm`mV Ë`m§Mm Z¡{VH$ {Z`_mdbr åhUyZ g_mdoe Pmbobm hmoVm. nwT>o
{ejH$ åhUyZ {d{dY _hm{dÚmb`m§VyZ {eH$dVmZm _mPm â `m n`m©daU Am{U g§VwbZ {dH$mg Z¡{VH$VodaM AgVmo.
{dÚmnrR>m§Zrhr {deofV… {dkmZ Am{U ì`mdgm{`H$ {df`m§gmR>r n[ajm§EodOr ñdn[ajUmda â Úmdm `mgmR>r _r à`ËZerb Amho.

e¡j{UH$ nmÌVoÀ`m AQ>r {eWrb H$ê$Z {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m EH$mÚm {df`mVrb AmdS>rZwgma Ë`m§Zm Ë`m {df`mMm Aä`mg H$am`bm _w^m
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nU H$m` Amho ^maVmVrb {ejUmMr AmO AdñWm ? AmnU {H$Vr _hÎd XoV AmhmoV {ejUmbm? H|$Ð gaH$maZo Joë`m
A§XmOnÌH$mV {ejUmgmR>r é. 79,686 H$moQ>tMr VaVyX Ho$br. EHy$U VaVyX Amho é. 21.47 bmI H$moQ>tMr. WmoS>Š`mV åhUOo
gaH$ma {ejUmbm gw_mao 3% qH$_V XoV Amho! `m VwbZoV Á`m B§J«Om§Zr Amnë`mda AZoH$ dfª amÁ` Ho$b§, Amnbr AZoH$ YmoaU§
~Zdbr Ë`m§À`m B§½b§S>_Üò {ejUjoÌmgmR>r gw_mao 10% hÿZ A{YH$ VaVyX Ho$br OmVo. EH$m ~mOybm AmnU A{^_mZmZo åhUVmo H$s
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{dÚmb`rZ Am{U _hm{dÚmb`rZ, Ë`mnwT>rb Cƒ {ejU `m gd©M joÌmV {ejU g§ñWm§Mr AdñWm hV~bVoMr Amho. gd©M ñVam§da
nmÌ {ejH$m§Mr H$_VaVm Amho. EH${Zð> {ejH$ Va Xþ{_©iM AmhoV. emim Am{U _hm{dÚmb`m§_Üò _yb^yV e¡j{UH$ gmo`tMm
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_hm{dÚmb`m§nojm ImOJr {eH$dÊ`m, {eH$dUr dJ©/g§ñWm `m§Mm ~mOma OmoamV Amho. gm_mÝ` {dÚmÏ`m©bm AmO _yb^yV {ejU
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_moR>§ àý{MÝhM Amho.
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Amnbr _mZ{gH$Vm AS>Hy$Z ~gbr Amho Amnë`m nyd©Om§À`m VWmH${WV g§emoYZm_Üò qH$dm {_WH$ emoYm§_Üò. _J ^{dîèmó'
Amnë`m embo` Aä`mgH«$_mV {eaH$md H$ê$ nhmV§ Va dmñVwemó' Cƒ V§ÌkmZmMm ^mJ ~ZV§! `mbm AndmX Oê$a AmhoV, nU Vo
{Z`_M {gÕ H$aVmV! {dkmZ, g§emoYZ, V§ÌkmZ `m joÌmV Hw$R>o AmhmoV AmnU OmJ{VH$ VwbZoV? Zmo~ob nm[aVmo{fH$ ho EH$
n[a_mU AmnU nmhÿ. 1901 nmgyZ hr nm[aVmo{fH§$ AW©emó, ^m¡{VH$emó, agm`Zemó, d¡ÚH$emó, gm{hË`, em§VVm `m
joÌm§_Üò XoÊ`mV òV AmhoV. 1901 Vo 2017 `m H$mbmdYrV EHy$U 585 nm[aVmo{fH§$ àXmZ Ho$br Jobr AmhoV. `m 116 dfmªV
Amnë`mbm {_imbr AmhoV 9 Am{U Ë`mn¡H$s {dkmZmVrb AmhoV 6! `m VwbZoV A_o[aHo$bm AmhoV gdm©{YH$ 357, B§½b§S>bm 115,
O_©Zrbm 82, \«$mÝgbm 57 Va pñdS>Zbm 33. {dkmZ-V§ÌkmZ joÌmVrb BVa OmJ{VH$ nm[aVmo{fH§$ qH$dm gÝ_mZ nm{hë`mg
{VWohr Amnbr AdñWm AerM Amho. nm[aVmo{fH§$ OmD$ Xo. OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb CËH¥$ï> {dkmZ n{ÌH$m§_Üò àH$m{eV hmoUm`m
emoY{Z~§Ym§_Üòhr Amnb§ `moJXmZ \$maM H$_r Amho. `m gdmªMm AW© Agm Zmhr H$s Amnë`mH$So> CËH¥$ï> d¡km{ZH$m§Mr, V§Ìkm§Mr,
g§emoYH$m§Mr H$_VaVm Amho. _bm dmQ>V§ H$s Amnë`mH$So> H$_VaVm Amho d¡km{ZH$ _mZ{gH$VoMr. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va AmnU _yb^yV
g§emoYZmH$So> \$maM Xþb©j Ho$b§, V§ÌkmZmH$So> A{YH$ â {Xbm. {ZYrMm AmoKhr Ë`mM à_mUmV H$_r-OmñV Pmbm. Cƒ {ejUmM§,
Mm§Jë`m' ZmoH$-`m§M§ AmH$f©Uhr `mM C{Ôï>mZwgma g_mOmV {Xgm`bm bmJb§. _mÂ`m bhmZnUr n[ajoV EH$ H$mhrgm H$R>rU nU
Hw$Vyhb {Z_m©U H$aUmam àý Agm`Mm emór` H$maUo Úm'. hm àý Amåhmbm CÎmam§n{bH$So> {dMma H$am`bm bmdm`Mm. g_moa CÎma
Agb§ Var ho CÎma Ag§ H$m Ago àý _ZmV Km|Jmdm`bm bmJm`Mo. Ë`mVyZ Amåhm dJ©{_Ìm§_Üò g§emoYZm'À`m ñnYm© _Yë`m gwÅ>rV
Mmbm`À`m. AmO hm àý embo` {ejUmV AgVmo H$m, _m{hV Zmhr. _mÂ`m Ñï>rZo ^mfoVrb H$m, Ho$ìhm, Hw$R>o, H$Yr, H$g§, {H$Vr' `m
àýmW©H$ eãXm§Zm Iyn _hÎd Amho. {dkmZ BWoM gwê$ hmoV Agmd§. AmO Am§VOm©bmÀ`m _m`mdr Xþ{ZòV _m{hVrMm _hmnyaM
Amnë`mnwT>o Amho. na§Vw Ë`m _m{hVrMr nS>VmiUr, n[ajm, n¥WH$H$aU H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>meº$sM Amnë`mV {XgV Zmhr, j_Vm Va
~mOybmM amhÿ Úm. CbQ> Amnë`m gÜ`mÀ`m n[ajmnÕVrV Aer ñd`§{dMmaYmam ~mX Pmbr Amho. Z_wZm CÎmam§'M§ CËH¥$ï> nmR>m§Va
H$ê$Z Vo n[ajoV Og§À`m Vg§ CVadU§ ho àm{dÊ`' Pmb§ Amho. `m n[apñWVrV g§emoYH$ {dMmam§Mo {dÚmWu _mJo nS>V Mmbbo AmhoV.
H$mbm§VamZo Vo hr {gñQ>r_' Mo ~ir hmoVmV.
Joë`m gw_mao 40 dfmªÀ`m H$mbmdYrV _mPm {d{dY {dkmZ g§ñWm§er, g§KQ>Zm§er OdiyZ g§~§Y Ambm. Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo AZoH$
{dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m, g§emoYH$m§À`m, {dkmZ àgmaH$m§À`m, emókm§À`m {dMmaYmam C_Om`bm bmJë`m. bmoH${dkmZ g§KQ>Zm, _amR>r
{dkmZ n[afX, Ho$ai emó-gm{hË` n[afX `m {dkmZ àgmambm dmhÿZ KoVboë`m g§ñWm§À`m H$m`©H«$_mV _r gh^mJr Pmbmo. _w§~B©
Z°Mab {hñQ´>r gmogm`Q>r (~rEZEMEg) gma»`m hm¡er {ZgJ©ào_r Aä`mgH$m§Zr ñWmnboë`m nU emór` Aä`mg, g§emoYZmda â
AgUm-`m Am{U _wº$ {dMmaYmam Agboë`m {dkmZ g§ñWoVrb emoYàH$ënmV gm_rb Pmbmo, g§ñWoÀ`m ì`dñWmnZmMmhr ^mJ
Pmbmo. gbr_ Abr njr Am{U {ZgJ© Aä`mg H|$Ð (gbr_ Abr g|Q>a \$m°a Am°{Z©Wmobm°Or A±S>Z°Mab {hñQ´>r ) ñWmnZoV, {VMr
C{Ôï>§ R>adÊ`mV Am{U Z§Va {VÀ`m g§emoYZ H$m`m©V _bm gh^mJr hmoVm Amb§. n`m©daU Am{U {dH$mgmÀ`m nañnamdb§~r Aä`mg
H|$ÐmV (g|Q>a \$m°a B§Q>a{S>{gßbZar ñQ>S>rO BZ EÝìhram°Ý_|Q> A±S>So>ìhbn_|Q>) _r H$mhr dfª Aä`mg-g§emoYZ àH$ën am~dbo. AmO
^maVr` _mZd dgmhVr g§emoYZ g§ñWm (B§{S>`Z BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$ h°{~Q>oQ> goQ>b_|Q>) òWrb Aä`mg àH$ënmV _r H$m`©aV AgVmo.
AZoH$ {_Ìm§À`m {d{dY Am`.`.Q>r. _Yrb g§nH$mª_wio {VWë`m {ejU nÕVrMr, g§emoYZmM§hr OdiyZ {ZarjU H$aVm Amb§. nU Cƒ
{dkmZ g§emoYZ g§ñWm, {VWb§ g§emoYZ, {VWë`m g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`mªMr Am{U emókm§Mr {dMmaYmam, {VWë`m gw{dYm, H$m`©nÕVr
`m§Mm AJXr OdiyZ AZw^d ~|Jiwê$_Üò _r Jobr 20 df} KoV Amho. ^maVr` {dkmZ g§ñWm (B§{S>`ZBpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$ gm`Ýg),
amï´>r` O¡{dH$ {dkmZ H|$Ð (Z°eZb g|Q>a \$m°a ~m`mobm°OrH$b gm`Ýgog) Am{U nm[apñWVrH$s {dkmZ n`m©daU g§emoYZ AemoH$ Q´>ñQ>
(AemoH$m Q´>ñQ> [agM© BZ BH$bm°Or A±S> EÝìhram°Z_|Q>) `m VrZ g§ñWm AmO ^maVmVrb Cƒ XOm©M§ g§emoYZ H$aV AmhoV. Ë`mVrb
^maVr` {dkmZ g§ñWm Va {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZmVë`m Odi Odi gd©M emIm§_Üò g§emoYZ H$aV Amho, Va BVa XmoZ g§ñWm§Vrb
g§emoYZmMm â O¡{dH${dkmZ, nm[apñWVrH$semó Am{U n`m©daU `m§da Amho. AmO Am§Vaamï´>r` nmVirdaM§ H$m_ `m g§ñWm_YyZ
hmoV Amho. BWbo {dÚmWu Cƒ àm{dÊ` {_idyZ AZoH$ naXoer g§ñWm§_Üò, {dÚmnrR>m§_Üò g§emoYZmV `moJXmZ H$aV AmhoV. BWbo
emoYàH$ën OJâ ZmdmObo OmV AmhoV. `m g§ñWm§_Ybm _mhmob {dkmZ Aä`mgmbm, g§emoYZmbm nmofH$ Am{U CÎmoOZ XoUmam Amho.
Varhr BWb§ {MÌ AmO ~Xbm`bm bmJb§ Amho, dmVmdaUmV AñdñWVm Amho. d¡km{ZH$m§Zm Amnë`m emoYàH$ënm§À`m nyV©Vo{df`r
gme§H$Vm dmQ>m`bm bmJbr Amho. g§nyU© amï´>r` nmVirdaM Cƒ g§emoYZmgmR>rÀ`m {ZYr_Üò _moR>çm à_mUmda KQ> Pmbr Amho.
n[apñWVr BVH$s J§^ra Amho H$s H$mhr _{hÝ`m§nydu XoeâmVrb AñdñW emókm§Zm `m Am{W©H$ {dd§MZoH$So> gaH$maM§ Am{U OZVoM§
bj doYÊ`mgmR>r Am§XmobZmMm AmYma ¿`mdm bmJbm. AmO ^maVmVrb gdm}ƒ Va OJmVhr Cƒ Zm_m§H$Z {_idUm`m ^maVr` {dkmZ
g§ñWoVrb emókm§Zm Am{U g§emoYH$ {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ZYrgmR>r, g§emoYZ gw{dYm§gmR>r PJS>md§ bmJV Amho hr {dkmZ-g§emoYZmgmR>r
hbmIrMr n[apñWVr Amho. _yb^yV g§emoYZmH$So> XoemZo Ho$bob§ Xþb©jM `mVyZ à{VV hmoV Amho. gw_mao Mmirg dfmªnydu gbr_
Abtgma»`m F${fVwë` {ZgJ© g§emoYH$mbm gm`b|Q> ìh°br' g§ajU-g§dY©ZmgmR>r Am§XmobZmV CVam`bm bmJb§ hmoV§. AmO _mÌ
AZoH$ emókm§Zm _yb^yV g§emoYZm'gmR>r añË`mda `md§ bmJV Amho.
{dkmZmgmR>r, _yb^yV g§emoYZmgmR>r Am{U d¡km{ZH$ {dMmagaUrgmR>r g§nyU© g_mOmZoM {dkmZ joÌmbm Omo_mZo AmYma
XoÊ`mMr JaO AmO Vrd«VoZo ^mgV Amho. {dÚmÏ`mªZm ñd`§{dMmamVyZ, ñd`§àoaUoVyZ ñd`§àH$m{eV hmoÊ`mgmR>r gdmªZr CÎmoOZ
XoÊ`mMr, Ë`mgmR>r gmVË`mZo à`ËZ H$aÊ`mMr Iyn Amdí`H$Vm Amho. {ejUmgmR>r, g§emoYZmgmR>r Amdí`H$ _yb^yV Am{U
AmYw{ZH$ gw{dYm nwadU§ hr Va O~m~Xmar gaH$magh Amnë`m gdmªMr AmhoM. nU `mnojmhr EH$ Vrd« OmUrd _ZmV Amho. AmO
Amnë`mbm hdo AmhoV ñd`§àH$m{eV {dkmZ EH$bì`'.
- lr. Cëhmg amUo,
d¥ÝXmdZ, 227, amO_hmb {dbmg EŠñQ>oÝeZ &&,
EMAmÒr H$m°bZr, \$ñQ>© _oZ amoS>,
~|Jê$iy - 560 094
\$moZ : 9448149236, 8618689319
B-_ob : ulhasranegmail.com

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H$moH$UmgmR>r daXmZ R>aob?
{_Ìm§Zmo {Xdg|{Xdg _mUgm§Zm hmoUmao AmOma, amgm`{ZH$ IVm_YyZ ZmnrH$ hmoV Mmbboë`m O{_Zr Am{U Z nadS>Umar
eoVr, _Oya Zmhr, eoV_mbmbm {_iV Zgbobm h_r^md, eoVH$è`mbm doS>m ~ZdyZ lr_§V hmoV Mmbbobm dJ© Aem AZoH$ Jmoï>r_wio
eoVH$è`mMr AdñWm A{Ve` dmB©Q> hmoV Mmbbr Amho. `mda _mJ© H$mT>m`Mm Agob Va àËòH$ eoVH$è`mH$So> EH$ Var Jm` AgbrM
nm{hOo. Ë`m JmB©À`m Ordmda EH$ EH$a eoVrVyZ XaamoO 1000 Vo 2000 énò H$go KamV òVmV hm EH$ EH$a eoVrMm A{^Zd
àH$ënmMr _m{hVr AmnU KoD$.
EH$ EH$a eoVr åhUOo 40 Jw§R>o, qgJb \o$O {dOoMo H$ZoŠeZ qH$dm gmoba drO, gmYmaUnUo 10-15 hOma brQ>a nmUr
Am{U amoO KamVrb XmoZ _mUgm§Zr gH$mir 2 Vmg Am{U g§Ü`mH$mir 2 Vmg H$m_ H$am`Mo. _Oya ZH$moM H$maU (_Oya bmdë`mg
eoVr nadS>V Zmhr.) EH$ nm°da{Q>bagmaIo N>moQ>o Am¡Oma gmYmaUnUo 40-50 hOma énò qH$_VrMo Am{U gdmªV _hËdmMo EH$ Xoer
Jm` Jra, gmhrdmb, WmanmaH$a B.n¡H$s XaamoO 8-10 brQ>a XÿY XoVo.
EH$ EH$a åhUOo (40 Jw§R>o) Ë`m_Üò 10-10 Jw§R>`mMo 4 ^mJ H$am`Mo.
EH$ EH$a eoVrMm àH$ën (1 Xoer Jm` )
dobdJu` nrHo$ 50 ’$i PmS>o ~m§Ymda

10 Jw§R>o nm°brQ>Zob
B§½bre ^mOrnmbm 10 Jw§R>o
añVm
n°H$hmD$g 1 nmbo^mÁ`m \$i^mÁ`m

JmB©Mm JmoR>m 8 Jw§R>o 10 Jw§R>o
g§nyU© àmoOoŠQ>bm bmJUmao IV, Am¡fY Am{U XaamoOMm IM© EH$m Jra JmB©da Mmbbm Amho.
1) EH$m ^mJmV eoS> hmD$g (Q>Zob Q>mB©n) H$am`Mo åhUOoM g§a{jV eoVr, CÝhmim, {hdmim, nmdgmim àËòH$ F$VwV KamV XaamoO
500 Vo 1000 é. òÊ`mgmR>rMr hmoVr.
`m_Üò XaamoO 20 {_ZrQ>o drO bmJob Am{U 2000 brQ>a nmUr bmJob. KamVrb XmoZ _mUgmMm EH$ Vmg doi bmJob.
`m_Üò Amnë`mbm naXoer ^mOrnmbm H$éZ Vmo _m°ëg Am{U hm°Q>oëgbm gßbm` H$am`Mm Amho. ZmhrVa ^maVr` ^mOrnmbm hr
Mmbob. XaamoO 20 {H$bmo ^mOrnmbm {_iob.
2) Xþgè`m 10 Jw§R>`mV CKS>`mda dobdJu` {nHo$ ¿`m`Mr Amho. (XþYr, XmoS>H$m, H$mabr, Q>mo_°Q>mo B.) `m {nH$m§Zm bmH$S>mMo qH$dm
{g_|Q>Mo Im§~ Cô H$éZ _m§S>d H$éZ ¿`m`Mm Amho. `m_Üò {R>~H$ qgMZ d ßbmpñQ>H$ _ëMtJ H$am`Mo Amho. H$maU _Oya {_iV

Zmhr Am{U {_imbo Var eoVr nadS>V Zmhr. `mVyZ 5 {nHo$ bmJdS> Ho$br Amho. XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr XaamoO 5 àH$maMr 10 {H$bmo ^mOr
{_iob. 30/- é. {H$bmoMm aoQ> {_imbm Var 300/- é. amoO {_iob \$º$ 20 {_ZrQ>o drO d 2000 brQ>a nmUr amoO bmJob.
3) AmVm 3 è`m 10 Jw§R>`mda 5 \$i^mÁ`m§Mr bmJdS> H$am`Mr Amho. H$mo~r, âbm°da, ^|S>r, Jdma, dm§Jr `mbmhr {R>~H$ qgMZ Am{U
ßbpñQ>H$ _ëMtJ dmnam`Mo. XaamoO àËòH$ ^mOrVyZ 2-2 {H$bmo åhUOoM 10 {H$bmo ^mOr 20/- é. {H$bmo à_mUo Xa {_iob.
`mVyZ XaamoO‹S> 200/- é. {_iVrb. 20 {_{ZQ>o drO, 2000 {bQ>a nmUr bmJob.
4) AmVm 4 Ï`m Am{U eodQ>À`m 10 Jw§R>`mda 8 Jw§R>o nmbo^mÁ`m bmJdS> H$am`Mr (nmbH$, _oWr, eony, H$m|qW~ra, _mR>, _yim,
H$m§XmnmV B.) 5 OyS>`m à_mUo XaamoO 20 OwS>`m 7 é. OwS>rà_mUo Xa {_iob.
200/- é. amoO {_iVrb. 15 {_{ZQ>o drO Am{U 2000 {bQ>a nmUr AmVm ~Km Ad¿`m 38 JwR>`m§À`m eoVrVrb AW©emó
:
1) 10 Jw§R>o nm°brQ>Zob 20 {H$bmo ^mOr x 50 é. àVr {H$bmo = 1000/-
2) 10 Jw§R>o dobdJu` {nHo$ 10 {H$bmo ^mOr X 30 é. àVr {H$bmo = 300/-
3) 10 Jw§R>o \$i^mÁ`m 10 {H$bmo ^mOr X 20 é. àVr {H$bmo = 200/-
4) 8 Jw§R>o nmbo^mÁ`m 30 OwS>çm X 7 é. àVr OwS>r = 200/-
1700/- é. amoO
\$º$ Zdam ~m`H$mo H$m_ H$aVmV _Oya Zmhr, bmB©Q> H$_r, nmUr H$_r Hw$R>bmhr IVm§Mm IM© Zmhr, gd© eoVr, eoU, Jmo_yÌ
Am{U H§$ånmoñQ> IVm§da hmoVo.
AmVm gdm©V _hËdmMo H$m_ H$aUmar `§ÌUm Amnë`mH$So> \$º$ 2 Jw§R>o OmJm {e„H$ Amho. Ë`m_Üò 600 Mm¡. \w$Q>mV EH$
n°H$hmD$g (eoV_mb ñdÀN> H$éZ n°qH$J H$aÊ`mgmR>r) Am{U am{hboë`m 1 Jw§R>çmda EH$ Xoer JmB©, {VMm JmoR>m Am{U {Vbm
ImÊ`mgmR>r hm`S´>monmo{ZŠg Mmam Aer ì`dñWm H$am`Mr Amho. `mgmR>r gd© IM© nmhÿ
1 Jm¶ - 50,000/-
_wº$g§Mma JmoR>m - 25,000/-
hm`S´>monmo{ZŠg Mmam `w{ZQ> - 25,000/-
1,00,000/-
`mgmR>r 1.0 bmI é. IM© Ambm, Vmohr EH$XmM AmVm hr EH$ Jm` H$m` H$_dyZ XoVo. Vo nmhÿ.
1 Jm` XaamoO 10 br. XÿY (gH$mi/g§Ü`m) x 50 é. Xa - 500/-
1 Jm` eoU 12 Vo 15 {H$. - 2 {H$. Jmoè`m 15 nmH$sQ>o 15 é. à - 200/-
1 Jm` Jmo_yÌ 10 Vo 12 brQ>a
2 brQ>a Jmo_yÌmÀ`m 100ml ~m°Q>b 20 x 10 é. à_mUo - 200/-
900/-
XaamoO 800 Vo 900 é. H$_dyZ XoVo. hgV - IoiV Am{U H$amoS>mo én`m§Mm AmZ§X

qgYwXþJ© {OëømVrb OZgm‘mÝ¶m§Mr O¡d{d{dYVo {df¶H$ OmUrd
S>m°. Z§XrZr Zoê$aH$a - Xoe‘wI
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~mOybm 121 {H$bmo_rQ>a ngabobm Aa~r g_wÐ Am{U nyd}H$So> ngabobm n{ü_ KmQ>mMm ^mJ `m XmoZ àXoemVrb qgYwXþJ© {Oëh`mV
gmJar n[ag§ñWmMo A{YŠ` Amho. `mV àdmiÛrno, H$m§XidZo, g_wÐr e¡dmbmZo ì`mnbobm àXoe, ImOU O_rZ, H$mhr {R>H$mUr
IS>H$mi {H$ZmanÅ>r Va H$mhr {R>H$mUr aoVmS> dmbwH$m_` {H$Zmao Aem {d{dYVoZo ZQ>boë`m A{Ydmgm§À`m gmJar n[ag§ñWm AmT>iyZ
òVmV. Ë`mà_mUo òWo nmdgmMo à_mU OmñV Agë`mZo A{Ve` g_¥ÜX Aer gXmh[aV Am{U nmZJirMr O§Jbo gd©Ì ngabobr
AmhoV. {dñV¥V gmJar {H$Zmè`m_wio _w~bH$ gmJar g§nÎmr CnbãY Amho. Ho$di _mbdUÀ`m {H$Zmè`mdaM gmJar Ordm§À`m 367
àOmVtMr Zm|X Ho$br Jobr Amho. `mV g_wÐr e¡dmbm§À`m 73 àOmVr, H$m§XidZmVrb 18 àH$maMr PmSo> Am{U PwSy>no, àdmimÀ`m 11
àOmVr, _¥XþH$m` àmÊ`m§À`m 73 àOmVr, Va g§{YnmX àmUr 47 àOmVtMo Am{U VodT>oM db`r nm°{bH$sQ²g Am§VaJwhr g§KmVrb
(Coelenterata) g_wÐ\$bm§À`m 18 àOmVr Am{U gdm©V _hËdmMo åhUOo 74 àH$maÀ`m {Za{Zami`m _Ëñ` àOmVr Aer
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S>m°. Z§{XZr ZoéaH$a - Xoe_wI
nanddeshgmail.com
g§X^© :-
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270276288 Biodiversity ction plan for Sindhudurg Maharashtra
India

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h°qJJ JmS©>Ýg Am{U _mhr_ ZoMa nmH©$, erd ho \w$bnmIao nmhÊ`mgm{VMr _w§~B©Vrb BVa CÎm_ {R>H$mUo AmhoV. Zdr _w§~B©V, AmodioH$a
dmS>r , J«rZ ìh°br nmH©$, gr~rS>r ~obmnya Am{U ImaKa {hëg øm {R>H$mUm§Zmhr AmdOy©Z ôQ> Úm. AmnU EH$Xm \w$bnmIam§Mm nmR>bmJ gwé Ho$bm
H$s Ë`m§Mm nmR>bmJ Am{U AmZ§X XmoÝhr A_`m©X Amho.
- S>m°. Am`P°H$ {H${h_H$a
g§MmbH$, Am`ZoMadm°M \$mC§So>eZ, ImaKa, Zdr _w§~B©

I{OZ B§YZ a{hV ^maV
lr‘. {à¶Xe©Zr H$d}
OJâmV AmO ZyVZj_ D$O}Mm ~mob~mbm Amho. 2015 À`m AIoarg n°[ag òWo Pmboë`m
OmJ{VH$ dmVmdaU ~Xbm~m~VÀ`m g§`wº$ amï´>m§À`m Eo{Vhm{gH$ n[afXoV I{ZO B§YZ a{hV ^{dî`mH$So> OmÊ`mMm nU gd© amï´>m§Zr
{_iyZ Ho$bm Amho. `mVrb g§Yr, AS>MUr, doJdoJù`m n`m©`r D$Om©ómoVm§Mr nañna nyaH$ Am{U nañna {damoYr ^y{_H$m, `m§da Vk
_§S>ir Mhmnmoh H$aV AgVmV, nU gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$m§_Üò _mÌ `m {df`m~m~V ~aoMgo AkmZ Amho.
EH$Va D$Om© åhUOo hm EH$ gmd©{ÌH$ J¡ag_O Amho. AmnU Amnë`m X¢Z§{XZ OrdZmV {dOoda MmbUmar ~arM CnH$aUo
dmnaVmo ho Iao Agbo, Var ~è`mMí`m H$m_m§gmR>r Amnë`mbm CîUVm hdr AgVo. Vr drO OmiyZM {_i{dbr nm{hOo Ago Zmhr.
CîUVm {_i{dÊ`mMo BVahr _mJ© AmhoV. KamV Am§KmoirMo nmUr VmndÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ñd`§nmH$mgmR>r bmJUmar CîUVm bmHy$S>\$mQ>m
OmiyZ, qH$dm EbnrOr OmiyZ qH$dm gm¡a D$O}Mm dmna H$éZhr {_idVm òVo. Or JV KamVë`m CîUVoÀ`m JaOoMr, VrM Am¡X`mo{JH$
CîUVoÀ`m JaOoMr. {VWohr {dOoIoarO BVa AZoH$ gmo`rñH$a n`m©` CnbãY AmhoV. XiUdiUmgmR>r AmnU noQ´>mob , {S>Pob,
grEZO, B. I{ZO B§YZmda MmbUmar ñd`§M{bV dhmZo dmnaVmo. {dOoda MmbUmar XþMmH$s Am{U bhmZ Mma MmH$s dhmZohr
~mOmamV AmhoV. AmV ~è`mM bhmZ dmhZm§À`m nma§nm[aH$ CËnmXH$m§Zmhr {dOoda MmbUmar dmhZo ~mOmamV AmUÊ`mMr KmofUm Ho$br
Amho. nU Varhr _moR>r dhmZo, {deofV: AdOS> _mb Xÿa A§Vamn`ªV dmhÿZ ZoUmar dhmZo, qH$dm bm§~ n„²`mÀ`m ~g, OhmOo d {d_mZo B.
ZOrH$À`m ^{dî`mV Var B§YZmdaM Adb§~yZ amhVrb. CnbãY AmH$So>dmarZwgma ^maVmV hmoUmè`m EHy$U D$Om©dmnamV Oo_Vo_ 18
Vo 20 Q>¸o$ dmQ>m {dOoMm Amho. BVa gd© D$Om© hr {d{dY B§YZm§_YyZ {_i{dbr OmVo. AJXr A_o[aHo$gma»`m àJV XoemVhr EHy$U
D$Om©dmnamV {dOoMr Q>¸o$dmar \$º$ 45 Q>¸o$ - åhUOo {Zåå`mnojmhr H$_r - Amho.
^maVmV AmO {dO{Z{_©Vr _w»`V: XJS>r H$moigm OmiyZ Ho$br OmVo. H$mhr à_mUmV drO Ob{dX`wV `m ñdénmV V`ma
hmoVo. ^maV gaH$maÀ`m Joë`m drgoH$ dfmªVë`m YmoaUm§_wio ndZD$Om© d gm¡a D$Om© `m§Mm {dX`wV {Z{_©VrMm dmQ>m dmT>Vmo Amho, nU
Varhr AOyZ EHy$U drO{Z{_©VrÀ`m VwbZoV ho à_mU ZJÊ`M Amho. AUwD$O}À`m ghmæ`mZo _moR>çm à_mUmda drO{Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mMo
Xmdo Ho$bo OmVmV. nU doJdoJù`m Vm§{ÌH$, amOH$s`, Am{U gm_m{OH$ AS>MUt_wio AUw{dX`wV ì`dhm`© R>aV Zmhr. AUw{dX`wV
àH$ënmV AnKmV Pmë`mg hmoD$ eH$Umao _hm^`§H$a n[aUm_, dmnéZ g§nboë`m B§YZmÀ`m `mo½` {dëhodmQ>rÀ`m `§ÌUm§~ÔbMr
gme§H$Vm B. AZoH$ H$maUm§_wio hm n`m©` n`m©daUr` Ñï>`m Am{U _mZdr gwa{jVVoÀ`mhr Ñï>rZo àým§{H$V ~ZVmo. `wao{Z`_gma»`m
OS> AUy§À`m ApñWa Anénm§À`m {dKQ>ZmMr à{H«$`m CîUVm {Z_m©U H$aVo. `m d¡km{ZH$ gË`mda AUw{dX`wV {Z{_©VrMo V§ÌkmZ Cô
Amho. hm`S´>moOZgma»`m hbŠ`m AUy§Mm ApñWa Anénm§À`m g§KQ>Zm§Mr à{H«$`mhr CîUVm {Z_m©U H$aVo hohr Amnë`mbm Jobr gmR>-
gÎma df} _m{hV Amho, nU `m d¡km{ZH$ VËdmda AmYm[aV ì`dhm`© V§ÌkmZ {dH${gV H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ AèñdrM Pmbo AmhoV.
^{dî`mV Amnë`mbm bmJUmar gd© OU drO AmnU H$moUVohr I{ZO B§YZ Z dmnaVm ~Zdy eH$Vmo H$m? AmO
AmnU B§YZm§À`m dmnamVyZ {_idV Agboë`m gd© D$Om©gw{dYm Oa {dOoVyZ {_idm`À`m AgVrb Va H$m` {MÌ {Xgob?
_w»`V: ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoV Á`mÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr AmhoV Aem D$Om©ì`dñWoH$So> OmÊ`mgmR>r Amnë`mbm Zo_Š`m H$moUË`m
H$maUm§gmR>r Am{U H$m` ñdénmV D$Om© hdr Amho ho g_OmdyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. `mMr XmoZ _hËdmMr H$maUo AmhoV.
* ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoV OmñV bd{MH$ AmhoV. Ë`m§dmQ>o AmnU WoQ> H$mhr D$Om© gw{dYm {_idy eH$Vmo.
CXm. nmUr {dhrarVyZ qH$dm ZXrnmÌmVyZ CMbyZ daÀ`m nmVirbm KoÊ`mgmR>r AmnU {dOoda qH$dm {S>Pobda MmbUmao n§n
dmnaVmo. AmVm gm¡a n§nmMo V§ÌkmZ CnbãY Pmbo Amho. `m_Üò {dOodaM MmbUmam n§n Amho, nU Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmar drO gm¡a D$Om©
dmnéZ V`ma Ho$br OmVo. nU `mbmhr H$mhr n`m©` XoVm òD$ eH$VmV. CXm ndZM¸$sÀ`m ghmæ`mZo Mb D$Om© {Z_m©U H$éZ nmUr
WoQ> IoMyZ KoVm òVo. `mV {dOoMr JaO ahmV Zmhr. _Zwî`~i qH$dm àmUreº$s hr gwÜXm ZyVZj_ D$Om©M Amho. \$ma ImobdéZ nmUr
IoMm`Mo Zgob, Va nydugma»`m ~¡bm§Zr AmoT>m`À`m _moQ>oMm qH$dm _mUgm§Zr IoMm`À`m ahmQ>mMmhr dmna H$aVm òD$ eH$Vmo, H$_r
l_mV OmñV H$m_ H$aUmao ahmQ> {dH${gV H$aVm òD$ eH$VmV. A{^`m§{ÌH$sMm dmna H$éZ ZwgVm Pmonmim ~gyZ hbdbm Var
eoVmbm nmUr {Xbo OmVo, qH$dm ì`m`m_mMr pñWa gm`H$b MmbdVm MmbdVm nmUr ImbÀ`m Q>mH$sVyZ daÀ`m Q>mH$sV MT>dVm òVo.
Aemhr `§ÌUm ~Zdë`m Joë`m AmhoV. åhUOoM Ho$di nmUr ImbÀ`m nmVirdéZ daÀ`m nmVirda MT>dUo `m EH$m D$Om©gw{dYoMm
{dMma Ho$bm Var drO Am{U I{ZO B§YZo Z dmnaVm H$m_ gmÜ` H$aÊ`mMo AZoH$ n`m©` CnbãY AmhoV Ago {XgVo. AWm©V gJioM
n`m©` gagH$Q> gJirH$So> dmnaVm òUma ZmhrV, nU {OWo Omo n`m©` gdm©Îm_ {VWo Vmo dmnaVm òUo eŠ` Amho.
* EH$mM ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoVm_YyZ Amnë`mbm doJdoJù`m ñdénmVrb D$Om© CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo.
gm¡a D$O}nmgyZ AmnU drO Am{U CîUVm {_idy eH$Vmo. ndZM¸$sÀ`m qH$dm nmUM¸$sMm dmna H$éZ Mb D$Om©hr {_idVm
òVo. Am{U Ë`mM Mb D$O}Mm dmna H$éZ drO{Z{_©Vrhr H$aVm òVo. Amnë`mn¡H$s \$ma WmoS>`m bmoH$m§Zm ho _m{hV AgVo., H$s
_Ü``wJrZ `wamonmV Am¡X`mo{JH$ H«$m§VrMr gwédmV 16 ì`m eVH$mVM Pmbr homVr, Am{U `m H«$m§VrÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr hmoVr ndZM¸²$`m
Am{U nmUM¸²$`m dmnéZ ~Zdbobr {d{dY `§Ìo. H$moigm Am{U dm\o$À`m eº$sMm 18 ì`m eVH$mV emoY bmJë`mZ§Va ho gmaoM
V§ÌkmZ _mJo nS>bo. Ë`mZ§Va bdH$aM noQ´>mo{bA_Mm emoY bmJbm, A§VJ©V ÁdbZ `§ÌmMr {Z{_©Vr Pmbr, Am{U Am¡X`mo{JH$ H«$m§VrMm
dmé Mm§JbmM CYibm. Ë`mZ§Va dm\o$À`m eº$sdarb `§Ìm§Mm {df`hr g§emoYZ joÌmÀ`m ~mhoa \o$H$bm Jobm, {VWo ndZM¸²$`m Am{U
nmUM¸²$`m§Zm H$moU {dMmaVmo? I{ZO B§YZm§_wio _mJo nS>boë`m `m OwÝ`m V§Ìm§_mJo ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoV hmoVo. Ë`m gmè`m kmZmdaMr
Yyi PQ>H$br Va AZoH$ Zdo n`m©` g_moa òVrb.
`m_Üò _hËdmMm _wÔm åhUOo ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoVm§H$So> Oa Amnë`mbm Om`Mo Agob, Am{U `m D$Om©óm|VmMm à^mdr dmna
H$am`Mm Agob, Va {dH|$ÐrH$aUmbm n¶m©¶ Zmhr. Á`m {R>H$mUr Oo H$m_ gmÜ` H$am`Mo Amho, Ë`m {R>H$mUr Ë`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ D$Om©
{Z{_©VrMm gdm}ƒ n`m©` H$moUVm, `m nÜXVrZo Ë`m Ë`m {R>H$mUr `§ÌUm Cä`m H$am`bm hì`mV. _mÌ `m Ñï>rZo \$ma {Z`moOZ~ÜX H$m_
homVmZm {XgV Zmhr. ^maV gaH$maÀ`m gmoba {_eZ_Üò 100 {JJmd°Q> drO{Z{_©Vr j_Vm {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo Üò` _m§S>bobo Amho. nU
YmoaUm_Üò gmam â _moR>_omR>r gm¡a{dX`wV {Z{_©Vr H|$Ðo C^r H$éZ Agboë`m {dX`wV Omi`mV hr drO gmoS>Uo ¶mda Amho. Ë¶mnojm
Jmd nmVirda, ‘mohëbm nmVirda, BVHo$M H$m¶, ì¶p³VJV KamÀ¶m nmVirda H$moUË¶m D$Om© godm§gmR>r H$moUVr H$m¶©j‘ V§Ìo
CnbãY AmhoV. Ë¶mn¡H$s H$moUË¶m {R>H$mUr {dOoMrM JaO Amho Am{U Ë¶mn¡H$s H$moUË¶m {R>H$mUr gm¡a {dÚwV hmM CÎm‘ n¶m©¶ Amho
¶mMm {dMma H$ê$Z Ë¶mZwgma ¶§ÌUm Cä¶m Ho$ë¶m Va gm¡aD$O}Mm dmna {H$VrVar A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘VoZo hmoB©b. AWm©V {dH|${ÐV D$Om©
{Z{‘©VrMo {Z¶moOZ, ì¶dñWmnZ, XoI^mb Xþê$ñVr. B. H$aUo A{YH$ AmìhmZmË‘H$ Amho. nU I{OZ B§YZa{hV ^{dî¶mH$S>o Om¶Mo
Agob Am{U Vo H$aVmZmhr XoemVrb gd© ZmJ[aH$m§Zm H$mhr {H$‘mZ D$Om© gw{dYm§nmgyZ d§{MV hmoD$ Úm¶Mo Zgob, Va Aer AmìhmZo
A§Jmda KoÊ¶mbm n¶m©¶ Zmhr.
Xþgar ‘hÎdmMr ~m~ åhUOo H$mhr H$m‘m§gmR>r {H$‘mZ H$mhr {R>H$mUr Var B§YZo hmM gdm}Îm‘ n¶m©¶ AgUma Amho. ‘J Aem
n[apñWVrV I{ZO B§YZm§Zm n¶m©¶ H$go {Z‘m©U H$aVm ¶oVrb ¶mMm Jm§^r¶m©Zo {dMma H$am¶bm hdm. Joë¶m H$mhr XeH$m§V O¡d B§YZo hr
I{ZO B§YZm§Zm n¶m©¶ R>ê$ eH$VmV. hm¶S´>moOZMm B§YZ åhUyZ {dMma hmoD$ eH$Vmo Ago AZoH$ {dMma àdmh nwT>o Ambo AmhoV.
hm¶S´>moOZ ho B§YZ Amnë¶mbm nmÊ¶mÀ¶m aoU§My {dKQ>Z H$ê$Z {‘idVm ¶oVo Am{U Vo Ooìhm dmnabo OmVo. Voìhm hm¶S´>moOZ d
hdoVbm Am°p³gOZ ¶m§Mm g§¶moJ hmoD$Z nmUr nwÝhm V¶ma hmoB©b. d¡km{ZH$ÑîQ>çm Oar ho µ’$ma AmH$f©H$ {XgVo, Am{U Jobr H$mhr XeHo$
¶m n¶m©¶m~Ôb ~mobbo OmV Amho nU AOyZhr gmd©{ÌH$ dmnaVm ¶oB©b Ago hm¶S´>moOZ {Z{‘©VrMo Am{U dmnamMo V§ÌkmZ AOyZhr
~mOmamV Ambobo Zmhr hr dñVwpñWVr Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Ho$di ¶m V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m ^{dî¶mVë¶m e³¶Voda AmnU Adb§~yZ amhÿ eH$V Zmhr.
H$mhr XeH$m§nydu AImÚ Vob{~¶m§‘Yrb Vob H$mTy>Z Ë¶mnmgyZ ~m¶mo{S>Pob {Z{‘©VrMm n¶m©¶ nwT>o H$aÊ¶mV Ambm.
Ë¶mhrnydunmgyZ eH©$am Am{U {nï>‘¶ nXmWmªnmgyZ AëH$mohmob {Z{‘©VrMo V§ÌkmZ CnbãY hmoVoM. Voìhm ~m¶mo{S>Pob ho {S>PobEodOr
dmnaVm ¶oB©b Am{U noQ´>mobEodOr AëH$mohmobH$S>o OmVm ¶oB©b, Agm {dMma ‘m§S>bm Jobm nU H$moUË¶mhr {d{eï> dZñnVrnmgyZ ‘moR>çm

à‘mUmda H$mhr hdo Agob Va Ë¶mMr eoVr H$amdr bmJVo. EH$sH$S>o dmT>Ë¶m bmoH$g§»¶obm nwaoer AÝZ{Z{‘©Vr H$aÊ¶mMrhr AmOÀ¶m
eoVrMr j‘Vm ZgVmZm, Ë¶mVrb H$mhr O‘rZ B§YZ{Z{‘©VrgmR>r dmnaUo ^maVmbmM H$m¶ OJ{VH$ nmVirdahr nadS>Ê¶mgmaIo Zmhr
åhUOo B§YZ{Z{‘©VrgmR>r Zdr O‘rZ O§Jbo CISy>ZM g§nm{XV H$amdr bmJob, Am{U ho n`m©daUr`Ñï>`m nadS>Umao Zmhr. Ë`m_wio `m
n`m©`m§H$So> I{ZO B§YZmMo gmd©{ÌH$ n`m©` åhUyZ ~KVm òUma Zmhr.
Joë`m H$mhr dfmªV _mÌ O¡dB§YZmÀ`m g§X^m©V ~aoM doJio g§emoYZhr Pmbo Amho. EH$sH$So> g_wÐr dZñnVr dmT>dyZ Ë`m§Mm
B§YZómoV åhUyZ dmna H$aVm òB©b H$m, Aer MmMnUr OJmV H$mhr {R>H$mUr gwé Amho. _mÌ `mgmR>r Á`m àH$maÀ`m `§ÌUm dmnamì`m
bmJV AmhoV, Ë`m§Zm Ë`mVyZ {_iUma Amho. Ë`mnojm OmñV D$Om© bmJVo Amho. AWm©V ho joÌ Vgo ZdrZ Amho, Ë`m_wio `mV H$m` àJVr
hmoVo, Vo nhmdo bmJob. nU hmhr hm`S´>moOZà_mUoM ^{dî`mV H$YrVar CnbãY hmoD$ eHo$b Agm g§^mì` ómoV Amho, AmOÀ`m
KS>rbm {Z`moOZ H$aVmZm AmnU Vmo {dMmamV KoD$ eH$V ZmhrV.
Xþgè`m ~mOyZo Oo g§emoYZ Pmbo Amho, AmU Ë`mMr ì`dhm`© àménohr C^r amhÿ bmJbr AmhoV, Agm n`m©` åhUOo O¡{dH$
H$Mè`mnmgyZ B§YZ{Z{_©Vr. `mV gÜ`mVar àm_w»`mZo eoVrVbm Q>mH$mD$ ^mJ hm _w»` H$ƒm _mb Amho. `m àH$maÀ`m O¡{dH$
H$Mè`mnmgyZ KZ (CXm. H$moigm, B§YZ{dQ>m), Ðd (CXm. AëH$mohomb) Am{U dm`y (~m`moJ°g, dwS>J°g) `m doJdoJù`m ñdénmV B§YZo
{_idVm òVmV. `mgmR>r bmJUmar H$mhr V§Ìo Cƒ XOm©À`m `§Ìgm_wJ«rda Adb§~yZ Agbr, Var H$mhr V§Ìo AJXr IoS>çmnmS>çm§Vhr
am~dVm òVrb. BVH$s gmonr AmhoV.
Á`m ~m~r ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoVmnmgyZ drO{Z{_©Vrbm bmJy hmoVmV, Ë`mV ~m~r BWohr bmJy hmoVmV, H$maU O¡d^ma hm ZyVZj_
Amho. åhUOoM Oa Amnë`mbm Xadfu eoVrVyZ {Z_m©U hmoUmè`m O¡{dH$ H$Mè`mMm nyU© H$m`©j_VoZo dmna H$am`Mm Agob, Va
{dH|${ÐV nÜXVrZo B§YZ{Z{_©Vr H$am`bm hdr. Á`m {R>H$mUr Omo H$Mam CnbãY Amho, {VWo Ë`mMo Ë`m {R>H$mUr Á`mMr JaO Amho,
Aem B§YZmV énm§Va H$éZ {VWoM Ë`mMm dmna hmoB©b, Aem `§ÌUm Oa JmdnmVirda Cä`m am{hë`m Va I{ZO B§YZa{hV
^{dî`mH$So> OmÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Vo EH$ X_Xma nmD$b R>aob. _mÌ BWohr XþX¡dmZo YmoaUo {dH|${ÐV B§YZ{Z{_©VrÀ`m ~mOyZo ZmhrV.
_moR>_moR>çm H$maImÝ`m§_Üò AmO O¡{dH$ B§YZo {Z_m©U Ho$br OmV AmhoV. `m B§YZ{Z{_©VrgmR>r bmJUmam H$ƒm _mb - eoVmVbm
H$mS>rH$Mam, I{ZO {S>Pob OmiyZ Jmoim H$éZ AmUbm OmVmo, Am{U V`ma hmoUmao B§YZhr dmnamÀ`m {R>H$mUr nmohmoM{dÊ`gmgmR>r
AmUIr {S>Pob Omibo OmVo. D$O}Mo J{UV _m§S>bo, Va hm gmam AmV~Å>çmMm ì`dhma Amho.
O¡{dH$ B§YZmMm AmUIr EH$ _moR>m ómoV - eham§_Ybm O¡{dH$ H$Mam - hm Va `m gd© B§YZ{Z{_©VrÀ`m ~mhoaM Amho.
eham§À`m gr_m§da H$Mam {Z`moOZmMo àH$ën Cô ahmV AmhoV, {VWo hm H$Mam OmiyZ qH$dm BVa H$mhr à{H«$`m H$éZ eodQ>r Ë`mVrb
D$O}Mo {dOoV énm§Va Ho$bo OmV Amho. B§YZ{Z{_©VrgmR>r Cn`wº$ Aem ~hþ_wë` H$ÀÀ`m _mbmMm hm Ajå` Anì`` Amho.
WmoS>Š`mV åhUOo ^maVmbm Oa I{ZO B§YZa{hV ^{dî`mH$So> Om`Mo Agob, Va Ho$di g§H$ën H$éZ Cn`moJ Zmhr.
V§ÌkmZ A{YH$m{YH$ n[anyU© H$go hmoB©b `mda g§emoYH$ H$m_ H$aVM AmhoV, nU CnbãY Pmboë`m V§ÌmMm nyU© H$m`©j_VoZo dmna
H$éZ KoUo ho YmoaUm§da Adb§~yZ AgVo. I{ZO B§YZmda AmYm[aV D$Om©àUmbrgmR>r Or YmoaUo, Am{U Á`m YmaUm `mo½` hmoË`m Ë`mM
Jmoï>r ZyVZj_ D$Om©ómoVm§Zm bmJy hmoVrbM Ago Zmhr. D$O}~m~VÀ`m YmaUm Am{U Ë`mda AmYm[aV YmoaUo hrhr d¡km{ZH$
Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ {M{H$ËgH$ ZOaoZo nS>VmiyZ nm{hbr Jobr nm{hOoV. Ë`mgmR>r amOH$s` BÀN>meº$s {Z_m©U ìhm`bm hdr Agob, Va hm
{df` gm_mÝ` _mUgm§n`©V nmohmoMm`bm hdm, Am{U ì`mnH$ {dMma_§WZ ìhm`bm hdo. hm boI åhUOo Ë`m {XeoZo Ho$bobm EH$ N>moQ>m
à`ËZ Amho.
- S>m°. {à`Xe©Zr H$d}
g_w{MV EÝhmàmo Q>oH$, 6 EH$Vm nmH©$,
{Z{_©Vr emoé__mJo, bm° H$m°boO añVm, nwUo 4.
B_ob - pkarvesamuchit.com

npíM‘ KmQ>mVrb dZñnVr
S>m°. ~miH¥$îU JmdS>o
n{ü_ KmQ>mV dZñnVr O¡d {d{dYVoÀ`m ~m~VrV àM§S> lr_§V Agm n[aga AgyZ òWrb ^mJmV
dZñnVr àOmVr h`m {dnwb à_mUmV AmT>iVmV. EHy$UM qgYwXþJ© {Oëh`mMm {dMma H$aVm h`m {Oëh`mV dZ{d^mJmÀ`m AIË`m[aV
AgUmè`m amIrd O§Jbmnojm _mbH$s_Yrb ImOJr dZm§MmM OmñV g_mdoe Amho. Ë`mV qgYwXþJ©_Yrb gd© VmbwŠ`m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. h`m
{Oëh`mbm {dñV¥V g_wÐ {H$Zmam bm^bm AgyZ g_wÐ nÅ>`mÀ`m ~mOyZo dmT>Umè`m dZñnVtMr O§Jbo `m_Üò àm_w»`mZo gmd§VdmS>r, d|Jwbm©,
Hw$S>mi, _mbdU d XodJS> òWrb ImS>r_Üò dmT>Umar Ima\w$Q>rMr O§Jbo Ë`mM~amo~a {H$Zmè`mbJV dmbwH$m_` àXoemV dmT>Umè`m dZñnVtMm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. g_wÐr` nÅ>m d OdinmgMm S>m|Jami àXoe `m_Üò òUmè`m nÅ>`mV dmT>Umè`m dZñnVr na§Vw hm ^mJ hm dZñnVr d¡{dYVoÀ`m
~m~VrV Xþæ`_ _mZbm OmVmo. H$maU BWo ~è`mM A§er Am§~m, \$Ug, Zmai, H$mOy, H$moH$_, gwnmar Aem àH$maÀ`m d BVa \$i~mJm`V
bmJdS>rMm g_mdoe AmT>iVmo. Ë`mZ§VaMm ^mJ hm _w»`ËdoH$éZ gmJdmZm{X d¥jr` O§Jbo. n{ü_r nU©PS>rV O§Jbo gh`mÐrMm KmQ>_mWm d
nR>mamda gXmh[aV dZm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
H$moH$UÀ`m dZg§nXo~m~VrV ~mobm`Mo Pmë`mg gZ 1905 _Üò \$mXa ãb°Q>a, 1971 - 18 _Ü¶o, BPoH$sb, 1940 Vo 49 n`ªV
^éMm, 1941 _Üò ^éMm Am{U naoam 1951 _Üò ZdbH$a, 1954 _Üò Xmg, 1958 _Üò O¡Z Am{U H$a_aH$a, 1962 _Üò BamUr,
1966 Vo 67 _Üò dV©H$, 1955 _Üò \$mXa gm§Vmnmd Am{U a§Yoar`m, 1951 _Üò O¡Z, 1990 _Üò Eg. E_. Aë_oS>m, 1978 _Üò
Aë_oS>m Am{U {_ór Am{U 1962 _Üò ehm BË`mXr dZñnVr emómVrb g§emoYH$ emókm§Zr g§nyU© H$moH$UmVrb dZñnVrÀ`m ApñVËdmMr
Vmio~§XmV _m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho Vr Vnerbmda {Xbr Amho.
1) g_wÐ {H$ZmanÅ>rbJV dmT>Umè`m dZñnVr :-
`m_Üò àm_w»`mZo g_wÐ {H$Zmè`mÀ`m n[agamV AgUmè`m ImS>`m, g_wÐmbm {_iUmè`m ZX`m§À`m nmÌmbJV, g_wÐ{H$Zmar
AgUmao Vbmd d ~oQ>mda dmT>Umè`m dZñnVr `m_Üò AmUIr VrZ CnàH$ma nS>VmV. Ë`m_Üò ImS>rVrb Ima\w$Q>rMr O§Jbo, dmbwH$m_`
àXoemV dmT>Umè`m dZñnVr d âVr - AmohmoQ>rMo n{bH$S>rb ^mJmV dmT>Umè`m dZñnVr.
A) ImS>r_Üò dmT>Umar Ima\w$Q>rMr O§Jbo :-
g_wÐ {H$Zmè`mbJV Á`m_Üò âVr òVo d OmVo Ago ZXrMo é§X _wI `m_Üò Amam|Xm, {eamoS>m, d|Jwbm©, _mbdU, XodJS> BË`mXr
{R>H$mUr Ima\w$Q>rMr O§Jbo nmhmd`mg {_iVmV. `m_Üò àm_w»`mZo Imbrb dZñnVr AmT>iVmV. _am§S>r, H$mOim, {Vda, Pw§~a, gmJaJmoQ>m,
Mdar qH$dm {H$amar, am§ZOmB©, ZmJa_moWm, bìhmi`mÀ`m BVa àOmVr, N>moQ>m {H$amBV, nw§Jir, ImamZadob, H$m§S>i, {nby qH$dm ImH$Z
BË`mXr.
~) {H$Zmè`mbJVÀ`m dmbwH$m_` àXoemVrb dZñnVr :-
`m à^mJmV Aënm`wfr dJm©Vrb H$m`_ñdénr CJ{dUmè`m dZñnVtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m_Üò IwiIwim ZmJa_moWm, {_èmimo,
Launea Pinnatifida Cass, Perotis indica (Linn.) O.Kuntze, Spinifix, Littoreus (Burm.f.) Merrill
~hþdfu` dZñnVr_Yrb dobrdJm©V Derris trifoliata Lour, Ipomoea pes - caprae Linn PwSy>n dJm©V {ZJwªS>r, ~moS§>Jr,
Ho$dS>m, ^|S>rQ´>r, C§S>r d Zmai nhmd`mg {_iVmV.
H$) âVr - AmohmoQ>r n{bH$S>rb ^mJmV :-
C§S>r, gwé, Zmai, nm§Jmamo, Ho$dS>m, ^|S>rQ´>r, eodim qH$dm e|Xar BË`mXr. dobrdJm©V amZKodS>m, Caesalpinia nuga (L) Ait,
Caesalpinia crista Linn. PwSy>n àH$mamV éB©, amZOmB©, Kirganellia reticulata (Poir) Baill., Colubrina (L.)

Brong Am{U {ZJwªS>r Ë`mM~amo~a IwimIwim, har`mbr d BVa JdVm§À`m àOmVr nhmd`mg {_iVmV.
2) S>m|JamÀ`m _mÏ`mda d nm`Ï`mer AmT>iUmè`m dZñnVr `m_Üò gw§Ðm, H$mir {eag, nmZgmbB©, H§${Xbnwîn, AmnQ>m, gmda, nig,
\$Uer, Hw§$^m, ~hmdm, ^moH$a, {eg_, H$a_i, _moR>m H$a_i, Amdim, ZmJbHw$S>m, IadV, C§~a, qnni, MmnarU, {â§S>, {edU, hoX,
~rã~m, H$dQ>, ZmZm, Za_, Vm_U, Mm§XdS>, ~Hw$i, H$i§~, Q>oQw>, e|Xar, H$a§O, ~r~i`m, {gVmAemoH$, amZAm§~mS>m, {gVm\$i, gwnmar,
\$Ug, {dbm`Vr \$Ug, dQ>, {~b§~r, H$a§~mobm, nnB©, nnZg, Zmai, H$moH$_, OJ_, Am§~m, H$mOw, {MHw$, eodJm, Ho$irÀ`m {d{dY OmVr,
noé, Om§î, [aQ>m, Am§~mS>m, Om§^, qMM d _gmë`mÀ`m dZñnVtMr bmJdS> AmT>iVo. PwSy>ndJu` àH$mamV Imbrb dZñnVr CXm. ASw>igm,
éB©, \$mWanmoS>r, Cjr, H$ad§X, _moS>r, ^ma§Jr, H$moS>B©, AiB©, amZ{MQ>H$s, gmbB©, Hw$ga, Ho$dS>m, Hw$S>m, nQ>Hw$i, KmUoam, qXS>m, qXS>r,
hgmoir, MmH$sdS>m, {Zgb~moS>r, (gáa§Jr), nm§T>anir, eodam, Ym`Q>r, VmoaUr, B. `mM~amo~a H$mhr dZñnVr nmUWi, d nmÊ`mÀ`m
àdmhmÀ`m ~mOwZo dmT>VmV Ë`m åhUOo nmZgmbB©, eoaZr, ZmHo$ar, ~moS§>J, dobrdJm©V Imbrb dZñnVtÀ`m g_mdoe hmoVmo. CXm. {H$Q>r,
eVmdar, nhmS>dob, dmgZdob, {S>H$òb, Jma§~r, H$mam§Xm, H$ibmdr, AZ§V_wi, amZXmoS>H$m, Hw$dbo, KmoQ>dob, Jwidob, {nV_mar, Ë`mM~amo~a
Aënm`wfr CJdUmè`m dZñnVr_Üò AmogmS>r, Hw$Ìr, KmUoar, Hw$Sw©>, S>mobmao, _mH$m, Jmo\$, JwZJwZr, Kmoi, n[anmR>, Am§~wQ>r, ^wB©AmdQ>r, {MaJwQ>,
IwiIwir, nm§Jir, ZmJa_moWm, bìhmio, ZmbJr, JmoaI_w§S>r, XJS>rnmbm, VwnH$S>dm Ë`mM~amo~a JdVmÀ`m àH$mamV Vm§~oQ>, n`mZ, H$anrb,
^|S>mi, H$m§O`mZ, bmoU`mim BË`mXr.
3) X_Q> - nU©PS>rV O§Jbo :-
_w»`ËdoH$éZ hr O§Jbo S>m|Ja CVmamda {XgVmV. `m_Üò _wIËdo H$éZ gmJdmZmXr O§Jbo, X{jUr X_Q> nU©PS>rV O§Jbo d n{ü_r
X_Q> - nU©PS>rV dZm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m_Üò àm_w»`mZo {eag, gw§Ðm, nm§T>ar {eag, H$mOy, nmZgmbB©, AmoQ>, AmnQ>m, gmda, H$Q>H$,
nmWa\$moS>, nig, Hw§$^m, ~hmdm, {eg_, n|S>Hw$i, dmQ>moir, Jma§~r, Moa, ZmJb\w$S>m, MmnarU, C_ir, Ym_U, hoXÿ, Hw$S>m, amZ{~ã~m,
amZOm`\$i, Zmam, Za_, _mo`, Mm§XdS>, Om§^m, Hw$gw§~ (H$mog~) JmobXmS> qH$dm Hw$itÐm BË`mXr d¥j àOmVr AmT>iVmV.
4) AY© gXmh[aV d gXmh[aV O§Jbo :-
`m_Üò Imbrb dZñnVtMm âUm AmT>iVmo. Ë`m_Üò _mH$S>r, ^moH$, nmZ`mimo, \$Uer, Hw§$^m, _hméH$, {MH$moQ>rZ, hþ_, H$mirZmo,
H$mitÐrV, Om§îmo, H$mimoJw§S>mo, amZnm§Jmam, _m§S>ir, Am§OZ, H$aQ>mo amZ~rã~m, nmZgmbmB©, _Z`mamo, amZOm`\$i, {haS>m, gwJaU, Mm§XdS>,
C§~a, Hw§$Hw$ (amoZmQ>r), H$S>rnÎmm, Hw§$Vr, Am§~oar, ZaŠ`m, Jwi§~, BH$mir, {_adm, aº$amohrS> Om§î, gmOoar, ôS>g, Hw§$î, Joim, {haS>m,
Y_mo, B PwSy>n dJm©V _XZ, {VdQ>r, amZVwa, am_oQ>m, e|Jmim, \$idm, Ja~XþYr, aoSo>H$ad§X, _moS>r, \$Q>\$Q>r, KmKar, H$mOir, bmoI§S>r,
^moJZi (O§Jbr V§~mIw), S>m_S>m¡bm, nm§Jim, {Zgb~m|S>r, _mgmQ>r, nm§T>anir, {_aPmoim, B. dobr dJm©V S>m|Jar, _moadob, dmgZdob,
{Madob, am_aH$, nmbH$m§S>, H$mZòb, ZoaS>m, C_ir, ~oS>H$s, AmH$bZ, ZmJmoÌrZ, H$mQ>oH$ma, {H$Q>r. nR>amda JdVmÀ`m {dnwb àOmVr
AmT>iyZ òVmV. `m {R>H$mUr {H$Q>H$^jr dZñnVr_Üò Mm§XZr, {MÌH$, S´>m°goam B. nhmd`mg {_iVmV. A{Ve` Xþ{_©i Ago ZoMoMo PmS>
Cyathia galabra d Ywnm§Mo PmS>hr nhmd`mg {_iVo. {H$ËòH$ dZñnVtZm ñWm{ZH$ Zm§do CnbãY Zgë`mZo ~è`mM dZñnVr àOmVtMr Zmdo
`m {R>H$mUr XoVm Ambr ZmhrV. EH§$XarVM gmamgma {dMma H$aVm O¡d {d{dYVoMr aobMob `m àXoemV AmT>iyZ òVo.
Am`wd}X Am{U Am¡fYr dZñnVr
Am`wd}X h`m g§H$ënZoMm eãXe: AW© AmVm gd©gm_mÝ` _mUgmbm gwÜXm ZdrZ am{hbobm Zmhr. Am`w = Am`wî`, d}X = kmZ
åhUOoM Am`wî` {df`H$ OrdZmMo g_J« kmZ. Am`wî` - OrdZ - àmU - eara `m§Mo g§JmonZ, g§ajU d g§dY©Z `mgmR>r H$amd`mÀ`m Jmoï>tMm
Chmnmoh Á`m emómV Ho$bm Jobm Amho Vo emó åhUOoM Am`wd}X hmo`.
Am`wd}X hm eãX AmO EH$ MbUr ZmU§ Pmbobm Amho. Hw$R>ë`mhr dñVwÀ`m nmR>r_mJo AmO Am`wd}XrH$, h~©b Aer {deofUo bmdbr H$s
Ë`m dñVw§Zm EH$ doJioM n[aUm_ àmá hmoVmV. Am{U hmM {dMma AmOÀ`m g_mOmÀ`m _mZ{gH$VoVyZ {XgyZ òVmo. `m_mJrb {dMmam§Mr
H$maUr_m§gm H$aVm Am`wd}XmM§ _hËd ñnï> hmoV` H$s, AmOÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ d¡X`H$emómÀ`m _`m©Xm {Xdg|{Xdg ñnï> hmody bmJë`m AmhoV. Ë`m
d¡X`H$emómÀ`m OrdZajH$ hm A{V_hËdmMm n¡by _mÝ` H$arV AgVmZm Ë`m emómÀ`m BVa bj OmUo ñdm^m{dH$M Amho.
Am`wd}X hr Ho$di {M{H$ËgmnÜXVr Zmhr Va Vr EH$ n[anyU© OrdZnÜXVr Amho. AmYw{ZH$ d¡X`H$ emómVrb _mÝ`dam§Zr XopIb
Am`wd}XmÀ`m `m d¡{eð>`m§Mm pñdH$ma Ho$bm Amho d Ë`mMr ^mbmdU Ho$br Amho. Am`wd}{XH$ CnMma nÜXVr ~amo~aM OrdZ{df`H$ BVa gd©

AZwf§{JH$~m~tMm gImob {dMma Am`wd}XmV _m§S>bobm Amho. Á`mMm gai dm XþamÝd`mZo _ZñdmñW, B§Ðr`ñdmñÏ`² d n`m©`mZo earañdmÏ`mer
g§~§Y òVmo.
àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZM nm{ü_mË` Xoem§Zr ^maVr` Am`wd}{XH$ na§nam, dZAm¡fYr, d Ë`mnmgyZ ~Zdbobr Am¡fYo `m§Mm _mZdr
OrdZmer Agbobm K{Zð> g§~§Y `mH$So> bj doYb`. gZ 1953 gmbr ^maVmVrb nmoVw©JrO JdZ©a d d¡X` Jmagr`m S>r AmoQ>m© `m emókmZo
Simple drugs of India AWm©V ^maVr` gm_mÝ` Am¡fYrÐì` h`m ZmdmZo nwñVH$ àH$m{eV Ho$bo`. h`mM nwñVH$mÀ`m AmYmao hoM H$m_
nwT>o H$moMrZ òWrb S>M JdZ©a hoZarM ìh°Z arS> `m§Zr Amnë`m Ho$aiÀ`m Am¡fYr dZñnVr h`m nwñVH$m§Mo EHy$U 12 I§S>mÀ`m énmZo (1978-
1703) A°_ñQ>aS>_ òWo àH$m{eV Ho$bo Ë`mZ§Va ^maVr` Am¡fYr dZñnVrda CÎma ^maVr` boIH$m§ZrM ~aoMgo H$m_ Ho$bo` Ë`m_Üò CXm.
{H${V©H$a Am{U ~gy (1968), ZmS>H$Uu, (1908), Mmoàm, (1956) d BVahr ~aoMeo.
^maV hm dZm¡fYrÀ`m Cn`moJmgmR>r g_¥ÜX na§nam AgUmam Xoe Amho. òWrb dZm¡fYtZm àm{MZ na§nam Amho. dZñnVtMr nmZo, \y$bo,
gmb, _wio, H§$X, \$io, ~r`m `m§Mm dmna H$éZ J«m_rU OZVog amoJ_wº$ H$aÊ`mMo H$m_ ^maVmV eVH$mZweVHo$ Mmby Amho. Ë`mgmR>r
JmdmbJVÀ`m dZjoÌmVyZ gd© dZm¡fYr àmá Ho$ë`m OmVmV. `m dZm¡fYrMo _hËd Amnë`m àm{MZ J«§WmV gwÜXm d{U©bobo Amho.
Am`wd}Xm_Üò Am¡fYr dZñnVr Ðì`m§Zm Am¡fYr åhUyZ g§~moYbo OmVo. åhUOoM Vo amoJ d XþI:Xm`H$ doXZm§Mm g_yi Zm`ZmQ> H$aVo.
gm_mÝ`nUo _yb Ðì`m§Zm Am¡fYo åhQ>bo OmVo. Aer VrZ àH$maMr Am¡fYr Ðìò Or dZñnVr, àmUr d jma BË`mXrnmgyZ {_idbr OmVmV.
Am`wd}X d Am`wd}Ðr` CnMma nÜXVr d Am¡fYr dZñnVr h`m EH$_oH$m§da {dg§~yZ AmhoV. Ë`m_wio Am`wd}Xr` nÜXVr_Üò Am¡fYr
dZñnVtMr ^y{_H$m _hËdmMr Amho. Odi Odi 7500 Am¡fYr dZñnVr h`m Am`wd}Xr` Am¡fY {Z{_©Vr_Üò dmnaë`m OmVmV.
ñWm{ZH$ d¡X`H$s` na§nam d Am¡fYmonMma hr ^maVmMr OyZrM nU g_¥ÜX na§nam Amho d Vr {H$ËòH$ eVH$mnmgyZ MmbV Ambr
AgyZ `mìXmao ~è`mM amoJm§da O§JbmVrb CnbãY² dZñnVtÀ`m {d{dY ^mJm§Mm CXm. nmZo, \w$bo, \$io, ~r`m, gmbr, _yi BË`m§XrMm Cn`moJ
H$éZ n[aUm_H$maH$ CnMma ApñVËdmV AmhoV. Vgo Amnë`m Ym{_©H$ ñWir dmT>dboë`m dZñnVr nwO{Z` AmhoV. CXm. dL qnni, C§~a,
Vwig, H$b_, e_r, ZmJMm\$m, Ywn, BË`mXtMr Zm|X Amnë`m nwamUmVhr gmnS>Vo.
qgYwXþJ©À`m Am¡fYr dÝgnVr :-
I¡a, AmKmS>m, doI§S>, ASw>igm, ~ob, {earf, H$moa\$S>, gm{VdZ, gwaU, {H$am`V, g_wÐmAemoH$, eVmdar, _wgir, H$Sw>qZ~,
~«mør, X§Vr, nwZ©Zdm, AmgZ, nig, gmJaJmoQ>m (JOJm), ~hmdm, Q>mH$mim, Hw$Vamo, dmHo$ar, ^moH$a, _mbH$m§JUr, nhmS>dob, _hméH$
(V_mbnÌ), _hmiy§Jr, B§ÐmÙr, déU, ^ma§Jr, JwJwi, C§S>r, _wgirH§$X, (Sw>¸$a H§$X, Sw>¸$a _w§S>br), hiX, amZ hiX, H$Ma, ZmJa_moWm,
YmoÌm, gmbdU, damhH§$X, {\$ago, AmHy$a, _mH$m, _§Sy>H$nUu, dmdS>tJ, Amdim, {ZdSy§>J, H$mdir, ~oS>H$s, dS>, qnni, C§~a, qnnir,
H$moH$_, {S>Ho$_mbr, H$ibmdr, {haS>m, ~ohS>m, {edU, {VidU, AZ§V_yi, H$ad§X, _wéS>e|J, Omñd§X, Hw$S>m, H$dR> amoZmQ>r, (H${nbm),
gwa§Jr, ZmJMm\$m, ~Hy$i, eodJm, ImOHw$dbr, Vwig, Q>oQy>, ^wB©Amdir, {MÌH$, (g\o$X {MÌH$, bmb {MÌH$) H$a§O, {~ã~m, {dXmarH§$X,
Joi\$i, AS>H$B©, (gn©J§Ym) Ea§S>, _§{Oð>m, gmda, arR>m, AemoH$, ({gVm AemoH$, ~wÜX AemoH$) M§XZ, {Zgb~m|S>r (gáa§Jr), Ymder,
amZVri, {MH$Zm, _XZ, ~bm, A{V~bm, ^wB©[a¨JUr, {MMyaS>r, A¸$bH$mS>m, nmS>i, Om§^yi, gwJaU, H$d§S>mi, _wa_r, {VdQ>r, S>m|Jar,
gmbB©, Mm{H$dS>mo, eVmdar, _mH$S>r (_mH$S>qb~y), ZmamÙ _mH$S>r, _oZH$s, nm§T>ar, _mdMr, AmqeX, amZVya, \$idm, éB©, CŠer, H$S>H$S>mo,
e|Jmir, nmZ`mimo, MèhmQ>r JmaXþYr, \$Uer, Hw§$^mo, H$mÌmo, H$m§Jbr, H$mardZmo, (_§Sy>H$nUu) H$mner, ~|Xar, Mradob, nmbH$m§S>, H$moS>B©,
OQ>mar, hiXdob, \$Q>\$Q>r, nodJm, IwiIwim, VoaS>m, Hw$ga, nmZ\y$Q>r, amZOm`\$i, ZmZmo, hS>H$mo, qXS>m, qXS>r, Vw§^m, Kwa_, ^moJZi,
Mm§XdS>, Vm_Q>r, bmHo$arZ, Am§OZ, Vm_U (Xþ{_©i), hoiy, AmodiZ, H$S>rnÎmm, (nwgnmbmo), JombXmS>, {_aPmoirZ, Y_mo (bmoY«m), Om§î,
ôS>g, Vm_wZmo, ZmJbHw$S>mo, H$mim Hw$S>m, nm§T>am Hw$S>m, Am`Z, qH$Oi, {ZJwªS>r (qbJS>), eodam, YmVar, VmoaUr, h§gnUu, AmogmS>r, JwZJwZr,
Zra~«m÷r, H$ZH$ (H$iH$), H$moam§Q>r, {Zir H$moam§Q>r, g\o$X _wgir, T>mobmao, amZOmB©, {S>H$òb, (gmardm) Am§~m hiX (amZhiX), Hw$_r,
nhmS>dob, JdVrMhm, har`mbr (Xþdm©), e|S>òb, hÎmrMo nm`, nm§Jmam, Ho$i, H$S>dr ^mOr, bmoZrH$m, d¥üH$br, H$moiqeXm, (Vmbr_H$mZm),
H$m§Q>o^modar, H$b_, H$m§S>b, eoIS>m, nma Om§î, (H$mÌmo), Am§~wQ>r, H$mQ>oH$ma, Ho$dS>m (Ho$VH$s), eodim, (e|Xar), {MaJyQ>, noé, _§{Oð>m,
BH$mir, H$m§J, _yJrZ dob, XJS>rnmbm, Im§S>dob, VwS>VwS>m, Ym`Q>r, KmoQ>dob, ÐmoUnwînr, narnmR>, Amdim, H¥$îUmgmardm, hþamo, amZAmbo,
am_oR>m (XmVnmS>r), ZaŠ`m, (KmUoam, A_¥Vm, A{_aVmo), hogya, _moS>r, A_aH§$X, Am`Ëdma, ^mo_m, amZ{_ar, _m§S>H$s, _moadob, MwaH$s,
H$mnwa^|S>r, H$mZ\w$Q>r, {nV_mar, Ym_U, Hw$gJmo, nm§Jir, H$moH$_, gmnH$m§Xm, nhmS>dob, dmgZdob, H$m|~S>mZIr, é§XVr, noadm (eodam),
Am§~oar, Jwi_, Jmo_oQ>r, JmoH$U©, e§Inwînr, Jwidob, _mH$m, [aR>m, {~~im, gßnZ, Q´>r, Imam Zadob, e|Xar {Zi, H$Sw>gwaZ, gwanrU, H$Sy>
{H$amB©V, ZmoZr, gw§Ðm, {eHo$H$mB©, AmKmS>m, ~Oa~yQ>, \$Ug, nnB©, ^moH$a, Jw§O, JdVr Mhm, Vwig, e|S>òb, Amdim, dS>, MmnarU, {edU,
nQ>Hy$i, Ho$i, \$mJbZ, H|$Xmi, H$mOam, H$mOamdob, {MQ>Ho$ Jm|So> (P|Sy>), Mma, n|T>am, Zrd, H$ZH$, M§nm, Hw$Sy©> BË`mXr AZoH$ ~hþJwUr Am¡fYr
dZñnVr qgYwXþJm©_Üò {dnyb à_mUmV AmT>iVmV. `mn¡H$s ~è`mM dZñnVr h`m Am`wdo{XH$ Am¡fY {Z{_©Vr_Üò dmnaë`m OmVmV. Odi
Odi 150 Vo 200 dZñnVr `m ñWm{ZH$ d¡Xÿ_m\©$V Am¡fYmonMmamgmR>r dmnaë`m OmVmV. CXm.
1) "H$mQ>oH$ma'Mr nmZo, Am§~oVrMr H$dir nmZo gwJaU gmb, doI§S> nmZo, hmS>g§YrMr nmZo `m§Mo EH${ÌV {_lU H$éZ _moS>boë`m hmS>mda
~m§Yë`mg hmS> gm§YVo.
2) Hw$S>m gmb, ~oS>H$sMr nmZo, _omS>rMo _yi, gáa§JrMo _yi aº$mVrb gmIa H$_r H$aVmV. gáa§JrÀ`m _yimMm H$mS>m KoVë`mg BÝgwbrZ
¿`md`mMr JaO ^mgV Zmhr.
3) _oZH$s : nmZmMm ag AnMZmda A{Ve` JwUH$mar. H$modir \$io Ja_ H$éZ VwnmV _waSy>Z ZmJrZ (hanrO) _Üò d«Umda bmdë`mg
VmËH$mi ~ao hmoVmV.
4) VwS>VwS>m - _yi ZmJrZ h`m amoJmV Cn`wº$. VgoM {ó`m§_Üò œoVnXa dm aº$nXa OmUo `m {dH$mamda AË`§J JwUH$mar.
5) {gVm AemoH$, nwZZ©dm : {ó`m§À`m JwáamoJm§da VgoM _m{gH$ nmirÀ`m doir CØdUmè`m VH«$marda A{Ve` Cn`wº$
6) nig : bKdrMo {dH$mamda A{Ve` JwUH$mar.
7) H$\$ : AmH$bZ, _mH$S>qb~y, ZmamÙ _mH$S>rMo \$imÀ`m gmbmMr nmdS>a _YmVyZ KoVë`mg A{Ve` JwUH$mar
8) S>m|Jar : ES>g² darb CnMmamH$[aVm g§emoYZ Mmby Amho. hr dZñnVr Am§~mobr, Mm¡Hw$i òWo AmT>iVo.
9) Jwidob : amoJà{VH$ma eº$s dmT>dÊ`mH$[aVm, _mVoÀ`m XþYmV dmT> hmoÊ`mH$[aVm.
10) Jmo_oR>r : _yi d§YËdmda Cn`moJ, J^©YmaUm / \$iYmaUm hmoÊ`mg _XV H$aVo. àOmoËnmXZm_Üò JwUH$mar
11) _§{Oð>m, gmardm, AZ§V_yi : aº$ewÜXr
12) H$mdri / {bìha Q>m°{ZH$ : Hw§$^m gmb + {~~im gmb `m§Mm H$mT>m, ^wB© AmdirMm H$mT>m
13) _wVIS>m : ~hmdm, Hw$Sy©>, Jwidoi, {haS>m BË`mXtMm Cn`moJ _yVIS>m nmS>Ê`mgmR>r hmoVmo.
14) {Ì\$imMyU© : {haS>m, ~ohS>m, Amdim.
15) n§MdëH$b : dS>, qnni, C§~a, ({Z_ d Xþgar C§~a dJm©Vrb àOmVr)
16) Xe_yb : Imam Zadoi, Q>oQy> BË`mXr Xe_yb agm`Zm_Üò dmnaVmV.
17) Ho$g H$mio hmoÊ`mgmR>r : Omñd§X, Amdim
18) eVmdar, g\o$X _wgir, Jwidob, Jmo_oQ>r : _mVoÀ`m XþYmV dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r
19) ZmoZr : ânya AÞ KQ>H$ AgUmar dZñnVr.
20) ZaŠ`m (A_¥Vm, KmUoam, A{_aVmo) : h`m dZñnVrnmgyZ H$H©$amoJmdaVr Am¡fY{Z{_©VrH$arVm g§emoYZ Mmby AgyZ ~è`mM à_mUmV
qgYwXþJ© Am{U H$moëhmnya_Yrb O§JbmVyZ h`m dZñnVrMr ~ogw_ma VmoS> Pmbobr Amho.
Am`wd}Xm_Üò Am¡fYr dZñnVtMm qghmMm dmQ>m Amho. O§Jbm§Mm gVVMm hmoV Agboë`m - èhmgm_wio H$ÀÀ`m _mbmMr CbãYVm
Xþ{_©i ~ZV Mmbbr n[aUm_V: Am`wd}XmÀ`m A§VJ©V PmS> - nmë`m§À`m AWdm OS>r - ~yQ>r gma»`m Am¡fYmonMma nÜXVr IS>Va diUmda
nmohmoMë`m AmhoV. Am`Z d¥Îmr` O§Jbo AWdm CîU H$Q>r~§Yr` O§Jbo hr Or dZñnVr {d{dYVo~m~V IOrZKa åhUyZM JUbr`. na§Vy `mÀ`m
Odi Odi eoH$S>m 50% O§JbmMm èhmg Pmbm` d Caboë`m O§JbmMm gÜ`mÀ`m pñWVrV _mZdr h„²`mnwT>o òUmè`m AmUIr EH$m XeH$mV
{Q>H$md bmJUo AeŠ`M Amho. ~ogy_ma O§Jb VmoS>r _wio ~hþ_wë` Am¡fYr dZñnVr Zme nmdÊ`mÀ`m _mJm©da AmhoV d Ë`m _mZdr OrdZmgmR>r
g§^mì` Cn`moJr R>aUma AmhoV. qH$~hÿZm gÜ`m AñVrËdmV AgUmè`m dZñnVr h`m gwÜXm nwaoem à_mUmV CnbãY ZmhrV.
{Xdg|{Xdg Am`wd}Xm{df`r d Am¡fYr dZñnVr `m§À`m g§^mì` Cn`wº$Vo~m~V bmoH$ OmUyZ KoD$ bmJboV. O§Jbr gmYZ -
g§nÎmrÀ`m AZwnbãXVo_wio Am¡fYr dZñnVtÀ`m H$ÀÀ`m _mbmÀ`m gVVÀ`m dmT>Ë`m _mJUrMm {dMma H$éZ bmoH$m§Zr Amnmnbr _Zo Am¡fYr

dZñnVr bmJdS> joÌmH$So> didbr AmhoV. na§Vy `mMo à_mU ZJÊ` Amho.
AmOÀ`m n[apñWVrV ~è`mMí`m à_mUmV nma§nm[aH$ Am¡fYmonMma nÜXVr h`m O§Jbo gmYZ - g§nÎmrÀ`m A^mdm_wio H$_r - H$_r
hmody bmJë`mV. AmYw{ZH$ d¡X`H$s` nÜXVr, _hmJSo> Am¡fYmonMma, VÁk S>m°ŠQ>am§Mr CUrd d XdmImÝ`mMr dmT>bobr JXu d AmYw{ZH$
Am¡fYm_wio CØdUmao Xþîn[aUm_ `m_wio JmdmoJmdr AmYw{ZH$ d¡X`H$s` nÜXVr {Zî\$i R>aë`m AmhoV. Ë`m_wio J«m_rU ^mJmV CnbãY
Agbobm hm Z¡g{J©H$ ómoV dmnéZ d J«m_rU OZVoÀ`m gh^mJmVyZ dZm¡fYtMo g§ajU, g§dY©Z, Cn`moJ d àMma H$aÊ`mMo Ñï>rZo H$miOr
KoD$Z `m na§naoMo n[aUm_H$maH$ _hËd dmT>dUo `m H$[aVm Am¡fYr dZñnVr bmJdS> H$aUo H«$_àmá R>aVo d `m H$[aVm J«m_rU OZVoMm gh^mJ
hm H|$Ð ñWmZr _mZyZ Am¡fYr dZñnVr bmJdS>r g§~§Yr _mJ©Xe©Z, emór` nÜXVr, d gm_mÝ` CnMma nÜXVr BË`mXrMr _m{hVr nwadyZ Am¡fYr
dZñnVr bmJdS>r H$arVm àmËgm{hV H$aUo eŠ` Amho. OoUoH$éZ J«m_rU ^mJmV amoOJma d CnOr{dHo$Mo gmYZ CnbãY hmoUma. Ë`m_wio
AmnmoAmnM ^maVr` na§nam d g§ñH¥$VrMo g§ajU Va hmoB©bM VgoM J«m_rU joÌmVrb dZm¡fYtMo g§ajU, g§dY©Z hmoB©b d Amamo½`mMo ajU
H$aÊ`mg dZm¡fYtMm _mobmMm hmV^ma bmJob.
- S>m°. ~miH¥$îU JmdSo>
H$UH$dbr H$m°boO, H$UH$dbr

n¶m©daUmgmR>r ßbmpñQ>H$
S>m°. O¶§V JmS>Jri
ho erf©H$ dmMyZ ~è`mM bmoH$m§Zm Amü`© dmQ>ob. H$maU éT> g_OM Agm Amho, H$s ßbmpñQ>Šg ho
n`m©daUmbm KmVH$ AmhoV. _J ho ZdrZ H$moUVo ßbmpñQ>H$ qH$dm nm°{b_a AmhoV, Am{U Vo n`m©daUmbm Cn`moJr AmhoV Agm Z¸$sM àý
nSo>b. goë`wbmoO d BVa éno, à{WZo, Z¡g{J©H$ YmJo, OZwH$s` nXmW© S>rEZE, AmaEZE Am{U a~a hr {ZgJm©V AmT>iUmar nm°{b_aMr
CXmhaUo AmhoV. n`m©daUmbm KmVH$ AmhoV Ago Oo åhUVmV Vo H¥${Ì_ nm°{b_aÀ`m g§X^m©V AgVmV. `mVhr Q>mHy$Z {Xbobo ßbm{ñQ>H$ -
nm°{b_a ho {dKQ>Z Z hmoVm nSy>Z amhVo. Ë`mMr {dëhodmQ> bmdÊ`mMr H$moUVrM `moOZm _mUgmZo Am{U {ZgJm©ZogwÜXm bmdbobr Zmhr, `m
AWm©Zo KmVH$ AmhoV.
AmnU n`m©daUmbm Cn`moJr Ago Oo åhUV AmhmoV Vo `m XmoÝhr, Am{U {ZgJm©V CnbãY AgUmè`m nXmWm©Mm dmna H$éZ V`ma
Ho$bobo H¥${Ì_ nm°{b_a `m gdmªÀ`m g§X^m©V åhUV AmhmoV. _wimV _mUgmZr Ho$boë`m ~è`mMí`m à{H«$`m åhUOo eoVr, eoVrgmR>r YaUo,
{d{har, dmhVwH$sgmR>r añVo, ahmÊ`mgmR>r B_maVr, H$maImZo `m gJi`m§Zr {ZgJm©V T>dimT>di hmoVM AgVo. VgoM _mUgm§Zr V`ma
Ho$bobo nXmW© CXmhaUmW© H$mM, {g_|Q>, H$mJX, ^mOŠ`m_mVrÀ`m dñVy Am{U nm°{b_a `m§À`m {Z{_©Vr_wio n`m©daUmda VmU òV AgVmo.
Ë`m AWm©Zo Vo n`m©daUmbm KmVH$ AgVo. Ë`m_wio Ooìhm n`m©daUmbm Cn`moJr à{H«$`m qH$dm nXmW© Ago AmnU Ooìhm åhUV AgVmo. Voìhm
n`m©daUmbm H$_r KmVH$ AgmM H$mhrgm AW© Amnë`mbm ¿`mdm bmJVmo.
ßbmpñQ>H$ VrZ àH$mao n`m©daUmbm H$_r KmVH$ R>aVo.
1. n`m©daUmbm OmñV KmVH$ R>aUmè`m nXmWm©EodOr ßbmpñQ>H$Mm n`m©` åhUyZ dmna H$aUo.
2. n`m©daU ajUmÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r ßbmpñQ>H$Mm dmna H$aUo
3. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Am{U ZdrZ àH$maÀ`m ßbmpñQ>H$À`m dmnam_wio n`m©daUmbm _XV H$aUo.
1. n`m©daUmbm OmñV KmVH$ R>aUmè`m nXmWm©EodOr ßbmpñQ>H$Mm n`m©` åhUyZ dmna H$aUo - {g_|Q> {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r 1000 A§e go.
Vmn_mZ Ý`mdo bmJVo. EH$Xm dmnabobo {g_|Q> qH$dm dm`m Jobobo {g_|Q> naV {g_|Q> åhUyZ dmnaVm òV Zmhr. VgoM ^mOŠ`m _mVrÀ`m
dñVygmR>rgwÜXm AgoM Vmn_mZ bmJVo. d ^mOŠ`m_mVrÀ`m dñVyMm dmna g§në`mda qH$dm VwQ>ë`m \w$Q>ë`mda Ë`mMm nwÝhm dmna H$aVm
òV Zmhr. VgoM Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmar gyú_ H$U Agbobr _mVr eoVrbm Cn`moJr AgVo. d Vr V`ma ìhm`bm hOmamo df} Omdr bmJVmV, `m
Ñï>rZohr Ë`m§Mm n`m©daUmda VmU òVmo. Ë`m_mZmZo H$mM H$aVmZm 600 Vo 800 A§e go Vmn_mZ dmnamdo bmJVo, VgoM \w$Q>Š`m H$mMoMm
nwÝhm dmna H$aVm òVmo. `m AWm©Zr VwbZoZo H$mM H$_r KmVH$ R>aVo. Aë`w{_{ZA_ gmR>r à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r 600 A§e go. Vmn_mZ
bmJVo. ~hþVoH$ gd© YmVy {_idÊ`mgmR>r ImUrVyZ I{ZOo H$mT>Uo d ewÜX ñdénmV YmVy {_iUo `mgmR>r n`m©daUmda VmU òVmoM. nwÝhm
dmnaÊ`mgmR>r 600 A§e go. nojm OmñV Vmn_mZ ZoÊ`mgmR>r D$Om© bmJVo. H$mJXmgmR>r _moR>`m à_mUmda O§Jb VmoS> Pmbr d bJXm
H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnabobr agm`Zo ZXr Zmë`m§Mo àXÿfU H$aVmV. åhUyZ Ë`mZohr n`m©daUmda VmUM òVmo.
ßbmpñQ>H$Mo nXmW© 300 Vo 400 A§e go. Vmn_mZmbm V`ma hmoVmV, gmYmaU Ë`mM Vmn_mZmbm Ë`mda à{H«$`m hmoVo. ~è`mM
ßbmpñQ>H$À`m nXmWm©Mm nwZdm©na H$aVm òVmo. (nU Vmo AmnU H$arV Zmhr åhUyZ Iao Va ßbmpñQ>H$ H$Mè`mÀ`m g_ñ`m {Z_m©U hmoVmV.)
VgoM ßbmpñQ>H$Mr KZVm `m gdm©nojm {H$VrVar H$_r Agë`mZo {Xboë`m dOZmV ßbmpñQ>H$À`m OmñV dñVy ~ZVmV. Ë`m AWm©Zo {g_|Q>,
H$mM, ^mOH$s _mVr Am{U YmVy§À`m EodOr ßbmpñQ>H$ dmnaUo ho AZoH$ Ñ{ï>Zo n`m©daUmMm VmU H$_r H$aUmaoM R>aVo. \$º$ ßbmpñQ>H$
O¡d{dKQ>Zerb Zgë`mZo Vo Q>mHy$Z Z XoVm H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m Cn`moJmgmR>r dmnabo nm{hOo. Ogo {ZgJm©bmhr ßbmpñQ>H$À`m
{dëhodmQ>mMr gd` Zmhr Vgo _mUgmbmhr Vr gd` Zmhr. dmnam Am{U \o$H$m hr M§JidmXr Ñï>r Agë`mZo ßbmpñQ>H$À`m àËòH$ H$UmMm
dmna H$gm H$am`Mm `mMr Amnë`mH$So> V`ma `moOZm Zmhr. gOJ ZmJ[aH$ Am{U g§emoYH$, CX`moOH$ `m§Zr Ë`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$amdo
bmJUma AmhoV.
H$m°éJoQ>oS> nwÇ>`mMo KS>r KmVbobo CbJSy>Z ImoHo$ H$aVm òVo Vgo ßbmpñQ>H$Mo, H$m°éJoQ>oS> nwÇ>o, erQ> dmnaVmV. Vo H$moUË`mhr
CËnmXZmgmR>r dmnaVm òVmV. `mgmR>rMo ßbmpñQ>H$ nwZdm©namVyZ {_idVm òVo. Am§~o, A§{Oa Am{U BVa \$i, ^mOr nmR>dÊ`gmR>r
bmH$S>mÀ`m qH$dm nwÇ>`mÀ`m noQ>`m gÜ`m dmnamV AmhoV. Ë`m \$ma doim nwÝhm dmnaVm òV Zmhr Ë`mbm ßbm{gQ>H$Mm nwZdm©na Ho$boë`m
noQ>`m§Mm Mm§Jbm n`m©` R>aVmo. nm°{bE{WZMm ñn§O hmhr nwZdm©na Ho$boë`m ßbmpñQ>H$ nmgyZ H$aVm òVmo. Á`m ßbmpñQ>H$Mm H$moUVmhr
{deof Cn`moJmgmR>r dmna H$aVm òV Zmhr Ë`mMm dmna drQ>, ~moS©> Aem Ka - Am°{\$ggmR>r Cn`moJmV òUmè`m dñVy§gmR>r dmna H$aVmV.
2. n`m©daU ajUmÀ`m H$m_mgmR>r ßbmpñQ>H$Mm dmna H$aUo.
Obg§YmaUmgmR>rgwÜXm ßbmpñQ>H$Mm dmna hmoVmo. IÈo> H$éZ bhmZ _moR>`m AmH$mamMo XJS>, ISo>, _mVrMm Wa XoD$Z Aem
IÈ>`mV nmUr gmR>dVmV. eodQ>À`m WamV {g_|Q>Mm dmna Ho$bm Va EH$ KZ _rQ>a IÈ>m V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r OodT>m IM© òVmo, Ë`mnojm
{H$VrVar H$_r IMm©V {d{eï> OmS>rÀ`m ßbmpñQ>H$À`m H$mnS>mMm dmna Ho$bm Va Vmo Iyn
ñdñV nS>Vmo. Ago ßbmpñQ>H$Mo H$mnS> gw_mao VrZ df} {Q>H$Vo. Z§Va `m ßbmpñQ>H$À`m
Ym§XmoQ>`m hmoVmV Ë`m Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV _pëM§JgmR>r dmnaVm òVmV.
nmUrgmR>m {Z_m©U Ho$ë`mda Vo nmUr {Z`§ÌU H$éZ `mo½` OmJr nmohmoMdÊ`mgmR>r
`mo½` Ë`m ßbmpñQ>H$ Zi`m, Ë`mÀ`m {Z`§ÌH$ VmoQ>`m \$dmè`m§gmR>rMo ZmoPb ho gmao
ßbmpñQ>H$Mo H$aVmV. hr gJir CXmhaUo, Amnë`m Zoh_rÀ`m dmnamVë`m ßbmpñQ>H$Mr
åhUOoM nm°{bE{WZMr AmhoV. {dQ>m, erQ> ho nm°{bñQ>màrZ, {H«${bH$Mr H$aVm òVmV.
nrìhrgrÀ`m Am{U nm°{bE{W{bZÀ`m Zi`m H$aVmV.
nmUr Am{U hdm ewÜX H$aÊ`mgmR>r nm°{b_aÀ`m _oå~«oZMm dmna H$aVm òVmo. Vmo
A{bH$S>À`m H$mimV dm°Q>a ß`w[a\$mà_wio Amnë`mbm _m{hVr Amho. _mÌ Ë`mVhr H$mhr
_oI AmhoM. gw_mao e§â {bQ>a jma`wº$ nmUr _oå~«oZ_YyZ nmR>dë`mg gw_mao n§Yam {bQ>a {nÊ`m`mo½` nmUr {_iVo. nU Caboë`m
n§À`mE|er {bQ>a nmÊ`mMr jmaVm dmT>Vo. Ë`m nmÊ`mMo `mo½` ì`dñWmnZ Z Ho$ë`mg Ë`m nmÊ`mZo jma`wº$ O{_{ZMo AmìhmZ {Z_m©U hmoD$
eH$Vo.
nm°{bhmCgog_Üò eoVr H$aÊ`mgmR>r, hdm_mZ, AmÐ©Vm {Z`§{ÌV R>odÊ`mgmR>r nm°{b_aMm dmna H$aVmV. Ë`mVë`m ZdrZ V§ÌmMm
C„oI nwT>rb _wÔ`mV òB©b.
3. ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Am{U ZdrZ àH$maÀ`m ßbmpñQ>H$À`m dmnam_wio n`m©daUmbm _XV H$aUo. hm`S´>moOob `m àH$maMo nm°{b_a Ë`mÀ`m
dOZmÀ`m e§ânQ>rhÿZ AYrH$ nmUr emofyZ KoVo. AemM àH$maMo Vob emofUmar nm°{b_ahr {Z_m©U Ho$bobr AmhoV. nmUr emofUmè`m
nm°{b_aMo goÝga, d¡X`H$s dJ¡ao Cƒ V§ÌkmZmV AZoH$ Cn`moJ AmhoVM. nU eoVr. {Z`§{ÌV eoVr, J«rZhmD$g_Ybr eoVr Aem {R>H$mUr
H$_rVH$_r nmÊ`mV bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r `mMm dmna H$aVmV. H$mhr {R>H$mUr Vmn_mZ {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Aem OobMm dmna H$aVmV.
VgoM Ë`m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ IVo, d nmofH$ Ðìò PmS>mÀ`m _wimer {d{eï> {R>H$mUrMo nmoMdÊ`mMo H§$Q´>moëS> [a{bO {Z`§{ÌV nwadR>m
XoÊ`mVyZ BVaÌ dm`m OmUmar Ðìò dmMdVm òVmV. CXm. `w[a`m ho IV eoVâ {dIyaë`mda àË`j dmna H$aUmar amono H$_r AgVmV.
BVa OmJodarb `w[a`m dm`m OmVmo. {edm` qgMZmZ§Va nmÊ`mVyZ hm OmñVrMm `w[a`m dmhÿZ ZOrH$À`m AmoT>o, Zmbo, gmR>dUwH$sÀ`m OmJr
OmVmo. VoWo AZmdí`H$ eodmio dJ¡ao _mJm©Zo `w{Q´>{\$Ho$eZ hmoVo. VoWrb gyú_ Ordm§da d nmÊ`mVrb n[ag§ñWoda VmU òVmo. åhUOMo
`w[a`mMm A{Vdmnamda n¡go dm`m OmVmV d àXÿfU² hmoVo. Vo `m
hm`S´>moOZ_wio Q>iVo. hoM V§ÌkmZ d¡X`H$s_Üò Zo_Š`m Ad`dmbmM
{Z`§{ÌV nwadR>m (Q>mJ}Q>oS> H§$Q´>moëS> [a{bO) `m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$éZ
Am¡fYmMm A{Vdmna Q>iVmo. OmñVrÀ`m agm`Zm§Mr BVa Ad`dm§da
hmoUmam dmB©Q> n[aUm_ Am{U _b_yÌ{dgO©ZmVyZ Vo ~mhoa nS>ë`mdaMoM
àXÿfU ho gmaoM Q>iVo. VgoM Vob emofUmè`m Oob _wio g_wÐmV hmoUmar
VobJiVr amoIÊ`mgmR>r dmnaVmV. Vob{d{harVyZ Cabobo Vob ~mhoa
H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r AemM àH$maÀ`m Xþgè`m nm°{b_aMm dmna H$aVmV.

A°ë`w{_Z_ d {g{bH$m `m§À`m I{ZOm§Mm dmna H$éZ ZdrZ àH$maÀ`m BZAm°J¡{ZH$ nm°{b_aMm emoY bmdmbm Amho. {OAmo
Q>oŠñQ>mBb `m ZmdmZo Vo AmoiIVmV. Vo H$_r D$Om© bmJUmè`m {g_|Q>gmaIo dmnaVm òVo. VgoM Cn`moJr ZgUmar I{ZOo qH$dm KmVH$
AgUmao jma, agm`Zo N>moQ>çm AmH$mamÀ`m nm°{b_aMm W|~mV âë`mda Ë`mMm KmVH$ n[aUm_ H$_r H$aVm òVmo. Vo nmÊ`mV {daKiUo
amoIyZ Ë`m KmVH$ agm`Zm§_wio nmÊ`mMo _mVrMo d hdoMo àXþfU H$_r H$aVm òVo. `mM nXmWmªMm dmna H$éZ CîUVmamoYH$ AmdaU ~ZdVm
òVo. nydu dmnamV Agbobo ñ~oñQ>m°g ho KmVH$ Agë`mZo Ë`mbm `m nXmWmªMm n`m©` XoVm Ambm Amho.
Zm`bm°ZgmaIo H$mhr YmJo dmnéZ d {OAmoQ>oŠñQ>mB©b gma»`m nXmWmªMm dmna H$éZ ^yH§$namoYH$ Kao ~m§YVm òVmV.
dmhZm§M` dmhVwH$s_wio nwbm§Zm gVV hmXao ~gV AgVmV. Ë`mda _mV H$aÊ`mgmR>r YmVyÀ`m gi`m, Omi`m nydu dmnaV
AgV. Ë`mda n`m©` åhUyZ {OAmoQ>oŠgmBbMm dmna n`m©daUmÀ`m Ñï>rZo {H$\$m`Vera R>aVmo.
ßbmpñQ>H$ d a~a_Üò dm`y Am{U Ðd gmR>dyZ R>odVm òVmo. Vmo JiyZ OmUma Zmhr Aem nÜXVrZo Ë`m§Mo JwUY_© ~XbyZ hì`m Vem
AZwHy$b JwUY_m©Mo H$éZ Vo dmnaVm òVmV. YmVyMo OS> {gqbS>g©, qH$dm H$mM dmnaë`mg dmhVwH$sbm {O{H$[aMo hmoVmV. åhUyZ AmVm
Aem nXmWmª_Üò Cƒ V§Ì dmnéZ qH$dm AmYw{ZH$ nm°{b_a dmnéZ Ë`m§À`m gmR>dUwH$sgmR>r dmna H$aVm òVmo.
Iao Va Jobr e§â df} AmnU V`ma Ho$bobm ßbmpñQ>H$, a~a, nm°{b_a hm nXmW© Amnë`mbm Am{U {ZgJm©bm H$m{hgm ZdrZ
Amho. Ë`mMo JwUY_© g_OyZ KoD$Z Ë`mMm `mo½` à_mUmV Am{U `mo½` àH$mao dmna H$aUo Amnë`mM hmVmV Amho. åhUyZ ßbmpñQ>H$ åhQ>bo
H$s Vo n`m©daUmbm KmVH$M AgUma Agm nyd©J«h H$éZ Z KoVm, Ë`mMm Aä`mg Am{U gmdY dmna H$aUoM Amnë`m OmñV {hVmMo Amho.
S>m°. O`§V JmS>Jri, gm`Ýg nmH©$
gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo nwUo `w{Zìh{g©Q>r, nwUo
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^maVmVrb dÝ¶Ord g§ajU joÌo
lr. {‘qbX nmQ>rb
^maVmbm O¡d{d{dYVoMm \$ma _moR>m dmagm bm^bm Amho. EH$sH$So> nyd}H$S>rb _oKmb` amÁ`mVrb
_m¡qgam_ gma»`m gdm©{YH$ nmdgmÀ`m {R>H$mUmnmgyZ Vo n{ü_oH$S>rb JwOamV, amOñWmZ _Yrb ewîH$ did§Q>mn`ªV Va CÎmaoH$S>rb
~\$m©ÀN>m{XV {h_mb` nd©Vam§Jm§ nmgyZ Vo X{jUoVrb Ho$ai _Yrb CîUH${Q>~§Yr` gXmh[aV O§Jbm§n`ªV EHy$U 32,87,263 Mm¡. {H$_r.
joÌmda ^maV ^y_r dgbr Amho. Amnë`m Xoembm 7516.6 {H$_r. bm§~rMm g_wÐ{H$Zmam Am{U 1,93,834 Mm¡.{H$_r. n`ªV gmJar gr_m§Mm
{dñVma bm^bm Amho. òWrb d¡{dÜ`nyU© hdm_mZ Am{U ^yàXoe `m§_wioM H$s H$m` n¥Ïdrdarb EHy$U O¡d{d{dYVoÀ`m gmYmaU 8 Q>¸o$ EdT>r
O¡d{d{dYVm ^maVmV AmT>iVo. åhUyZM gdm©{YH$ O¡d{d{dYVm Agboë`m OJmVrb 12 amï´>m§_Üò ^maVmMm g_mdoe hmoVmo.
dÝÒrdm§Mo g§ajU d g§dY©Z H$arV AgVmZm _ybV… Ë`m§À`m Z¡g{J©H$ A{YdmgmMo g§ajU hmoUo gdm©V _hÎdmMo Amho. dÝÒrd
A{Ydmg ho Agm Z¡g{J©H$ n[aga OoWo dÝÒrdm§gmR>r Amdí`H$ Agbobo AÞ, nmUr, {Zdmam Am{U àOmoËnmXZmÀ`m g§Yr Ë`m§À`m
Z¡g{J©H$ JaOm§EdT>çm nwaoem à_mUmV CnbãY AgVmV. A{Ydmg ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ dÝÒrd g§ajUmgmR>r àemgZmH$Sy>Z
amï´>r` d A§Vamï´>r` ñVamda {ddY à`ËZ Ho$bo Jobo. Ë`mV dÝÒrd g§ajUm g§X^m©Vrb {d{dY H$m`Xo, g§a{jV dZ narjoÌm§Mr {Z{_©Vr,
H$mhr Xþ{_©i dÝ` Ord àOmVtÀ`m g§dY©ZmgmR>r {deof àH$ën B. Mm g_mdoe Amho.
dZo, dÝÒrd d A{Ydmg g§ajU d g§dY©Zmg§X^m©V ^maVmV ApñVËdmV Agbobo H$m`Xo -
1. _Ðmg dÝ` hÎmr g§ajU H$m`Xm, 1873 2. hÎmr g§ajU H$m`Xm, 1879
3. ^maVr` dZ H$m`Xm, 1927 4. new A{VMma H$m`Xm, 1971
5. dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972 6. dZ (g§dY©Z) H$m`Xm, 1980
7. dZo (g§dY©Z) {Z`_, 1981 8. n`m©daU (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1986
9. dÝÒrd (g§ajU) {Z`_, 1995 10. dÝÒrd (g§ajU) gwYmaUm H$m`Xm, 2006
11. ^y-g§nmXZ Am{U nwZd©gZ {~b, 2011 12. dÝÒrd (g§ajU) gwYmaUm {~b, 2013
g§a{jV joÌo :- AmO amoOr ^maVmV EHy$U 764 {d{dY g§a{jV narjoÌo AgyZ Ë`m§Mm {dómV 1,62,024.69 Mm¡. {H$_r. (XoemÀ`m
EHy$U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ joÌmÀ`m 4.93 Q>¸o$) EdT>m Amho. ^maVmVrb g§a{jV joÌo à_wI nmM àH$mamV {d^mJbr Jobr AmhoV. Ë`mV AZwH«$_o
dÝÒrd A^`maÊ`, amï´>r` CÚmZ, g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌ, gm_wXmB©H$ amIrd narjoÌ Am{U gmJar g§a{jV joÌ `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho.
1. dÝÒrd A^`maÊ` : n`m©daUr` qH$dm O¡d{d{dYVm Ñï²>`m A{Ve` g§doXZerb Agbobo EImXo amIrd dZ qH$dm Ob-n[ajoÌ
g§~§{YV amÁ` gaH$ma dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972, àH$aU-4, H$b_ -18 _Yrb VaVwXrZwgma A{YgyMZoÛmao dÝÒrd
A^`maÊ` åhUyZ Kmo{fV H$ê$ eH$Vo. òWrb n[ag§ñWoMm ZmOyH$ g_Vmob amIÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo àemgZmH$Sy>Z g§ajU, g§dY©Z Am{U

OZOmJ¥Vr H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÕoemZo {deof bj nwadUo Amdí`H$ AgVo. dÝÒrd A^`maÊ`mV R>am{dH$ à_mUmV _mZdr hmbMmbtZm
nadmZJr {Xbr OmD$ eH$Vo. AmO amoOr ^maVmV 543 dÝÒrd A^`maÊò AmhoV. ho joÌ XoemÀ`m EHy$U ^y^mJ d ObàXoem n¡H$s hm
3.62 Q>¸o$ Amho. H$moëhmnya {OëømVrb amYmZJar ho _hmamï´>mVrb n{hbo dÝÒrd A^`maÊ` gZ 1958 gmbr Kmo{fV H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
_w§~B© CnZJamVrb R>mUo {H«$H$ âboq_Jmo A^`maÊ` Am{U gmobmnya d Cñ_mZm~mX òWrb J§JodmS>r _miT>moH$ A^`maÊ` hr gZ 2015
gmbr Zì`mZo Omhra Ho$br Jobr.
2. amï´>r` CÚmZ : n`m©daUr` qH$dm O¡d{d{dYVm Ñï²>`m g§doXZerb Agbobo EImXo amIrd dZ qH$dm dÝÒrd A^`maÊ` qH$dm g§a{jV
Ob-n[ajoÌ g§~§{YV amÁ` gaH$ma dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972, àH$aU-4, H$b_ -35 _Yrb VaVwXrZwgma A{YgyMZoÛmao
amï´>r` CÚmZ åhUyZ Kmo{fV H$ê$ eH$Vo. amï´>r` CÚmZmVrb {Z`_ ho dÝÒrd A^`maÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m {Z`_m§nojm A{YH$ H$S>H$ AgVmV.
amï´>r` CÚmZmVrb {Z`_H$aÊ`mg§X^m©Vrb {deof A{YH$ma amÁ`mÀ`m _w»` dÝÒrd g§ajH$m§H$So> XoÊ`mV Ambobo AgVmV. ^maVmÀ`m
EHy$U ^y^mJmn¡H$s 1.23 Q>¸o$ joÌ amï´>r` CÚmZ§Imbr g§a{jV Amho. XoemVrb EHy$U 103 n¡H$s _hmamï´>mV ghm amï´>r` CÚmZo AmhoV. Ë`mV
Mm§Xmobr, JwJm_b, ZdoJmd, n|M, g§O` Jm§Yr, Am{U VmS>mo~m `m amï´>r` CÚmZm§Mm g_mdoe Amho.
3. g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌ : dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972 gwYmaUm A{Y{Z`_ 2002 Zwgma {deof g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌ Kmo{fV
Ho$bo OmVo. g§a{jV narjoÌm§Mo ~\$a PmoÝg' qH$dm XmoZ g§a{jV narjoÌm§Zm OmoS>Umao H$m°[aS>m°a `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m ì`{V[aº$ XoIrb
ñdV§Ì g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌo Agy eH$VmV. amï´>r` CÚmZo qH$dm dÝÒrd A^`maÊò Am{U darb narjoÌmVrb _w»` \$aH$ åhUOo
AmYrnmgyZ gaH$maÀ`m AIË`marV AgUmè`m O{_ZtdaM Aem amIrd narjoÌm§Mo gr_m§H$Z Ho$bo OmVo. `mV bmoH$m§Mo {dñWmnZ Ho$bo OmV
Zmhr. CbQ> Aem joÌm§ZOrH$ amhUmè`m ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zm R>am{dH$ {Z`_ {e{Wb Ho$bo OmVmV. amï´>r` CÚmZo qH$dm dÝÒrd
A^`maÊ`mÀ`m gr_m ^mJmV ~è`mM§ doiog ImOJr O{_Zr Am{U dÝÒrd g§ajUmMm JhZ àý CØdVmo. H$mhrdoiog ImOJr
^moJXmam§H$Sy>Z g§a{jV narjoÌmV A{VH«$_U Ho$bo OmVo. g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌ' `m g§H$ënZoV `m gmè`m Jmoï>tZm Amim KmVbm OmVmo.
^maVmV g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌm§Mr EHy$U g§»`m 73 BVH$s Amho. n¡H$s _hmamï´>mV XmoZ g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌo AZw. ^moaH$S>m (Zm{eH$)
Am{U H$mobm_maH$m (JS>{Mamobr) òWo AmhoV.
4. gm_wXm{`H$ amIrd narjoÌ : dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972 gwYmaUm A{Y{Z`_ 2002 Zwgma gm_wXm{`H$ amIrd narjoÌ
Kmo{fV Ho$br OmVmV. gm_wXm{`H$' n[ajoÌmMr {Z{_©Vr Am{U VoWrb {Z`_ d AQ>r g§dY©Z amIrd narjoÌm gma»`m Agë`m Var òWrb
O{_Zr _mÌ nyU©nUo ImOJr _mbH$sÀ`m AgVmV. ^maVmV gm_wXm{`H$ amIrd narjoÌm§Mr EHy$U g§»`m 45 BVH$s Amho. _hmamï´>mV AmO
amoOr gm_wXm{`H$ amIrd narjoÌ ApñVËdmV ZmhrV.
5. gmJar g§a{jV joÌ : gmJar O¡d{d{dYVm AWdm g_wÐmVrb A{Ve` g§doXZerb àXoe qH$dm Eo{Vhm{gH$ dmagm g§a{jV H$aÊ`mÀ`m
Ñï>rZo dÝÒrd (g§ajU) H$m`Xm, 1972 A§VJ©V gmJar g§a{jV n[ajoÌ Kmo{fV Ho$bo OmVo. {deof åhUOo gmJar g§a{jV n[ajoÌ `m
g§H$ënZoV A^`maÊ`, amï´>r` CÚmZ qH$dm gm_m{OH$ amIrd joÌ `m g§H$ënZm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Ob gr_m øm ^m¡Jmo{bH$ gr_m§à_mUo
R>iH$ _m§S>Vm òV Zgë`m Varhr O{_Zrdarb g§a{jV joÌmgmR>rMo gd© {Z`_ gmJar g§a{jV n[ajoÌmg bmJy hmoVmV. ^maVmMm _w»`
^y^mJ, A§X_mZ Am{U {ZH$mo~ma ~oQ>o VgoM bjÛrn {_iyZ EHy$U 133 gmJar g§a{jV joÌo AmhoV. ^maVmÀ`m _w»` ^y^mJmdarb EHy$U 25
gmJar g§a{jV joÌm§n¡H$s _hmamï´>mVrb XmoZ g§a{jV joÌ AZwH«$_o _mbdU gmJar A^`maÊ` Am{U _w§~B© CnZJamVrb R>mUo {H«$H$ âboq_Jmo
A^`maÊ` `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho.
{deof g§dY©Z narjoÌo: dÝÒrd g§ajU d g§dY©ZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo XoemVrb à_wI nmM g§a{jV joÌmgmo~VM H$mhr {deof à`ËZ
àemgZmÛmao doimodoir `moObo Jobo. H$mhr R>am{dH$ àOmVtÀ`m g§ajUmgmR>r {deof bj nwa{dÊ`mMr JaO hmoVr. `mVyZM ì`mK« g§dY©Z joÌ,
hÎmr g§dY©Z joÌ B. Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. H$mhr Am§Vaamï´>r` H$amamZwgma BVahr {deof g§dY©Z joÌm§Mr {Z{_©Vr Ho$br Jobr CXm.
O¡d{d{dYVm dmagm ñWio, OmJ{VH$ dmagm ñWio, O¡d_§S>b g§ajU joÌ, nmUWi OmJm§À`m g§dY©ZmgmR>rMr am_ga joÌo B. d BVa
àjoÌm§Mm g_mdoe Amho. `m narjoÌm§Zm XoIrb H$m`Xoera nmœ^y_r XoÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
ì`mK« g§dY©Z: EH$ Ñï>rjon - gZ 1800 n`ªV OJâmV dmKmÀ`m ZD$ OmVr ApñVËdmV hmoË`m. Ë`mV ~mbr dmK, H°pñnAZ dmK, OmdZ
dmK, X{jU MrZr dmK, g¡~oarAZ qH$dm A_wa dmK, gw_mÌZ dmK, am°`b ~§Jmb dmK, _bo{eAZ dmK Am{U B§S>mo-Mm`ZrO qH$dm
{V~oQ>rAZ dmK `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVm. _mÌ dmKm§À`m {d{dY Ad`dm§Mr VñH$ar Am{U Zï> hmoV Agbobo A{Ydmg `m§_wio darbn¡H$s n{hë`m
VrZ OmVr gZ 1970 n`ªV Zï> Pmë`m. dmK hm {ZgJm©Vrb AÞgmIirV gdm©V _hÎdmMm KQ>H$ Agë`mZo dmKm§Mo Ë`m§À`m Z¡g{J©H$
A{YdmgmV g§ajU Ho$ë`mg BVa dÝ`àmÊ`m§Mo XoIrb AmnmoAmnM g§ajU d g§dY©Z hmoVo. `mM CÔoemZo gZ 1973 _Üò H|$Ð gaH$maZo

àmoOoŠQ> Q>m`Ja' Mr gwédmV Ho$br. `m àmoOoŠQ> A§VJ©V gd©àW_ ZD$ ì`mK« A^`maÊ`m§Mr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. AH$amì`m n§Mdm{f©H$
`moOZoV ì`mK« g§dY©ZmgmR>r 600 H$moQ>r Mr VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Ambr. _mÌ {Xdg|{Xdg àmoOoŠQ> Q>m`Ja' Mm dmT>Vm IM© bjmV KoVm Ho$Ð
gaH$maZo 2016 nmgyZ nyduÀ`m 100 Q>¸o$ AW©ghmæ`mV H$nmV H$ê$Z 40 Q>¸o$ a¸$_ amÁ` gaH$maÀ`m `moJXmZmVyZ C^r H$aÊ`mMo {ZX}e
{Xbo. _mJrb Xhm EH$ dfmªV dmK« A^`maÊ`mVrb n`©Q>Zmbm _moR>r JVr {Xbr. ì`mK« n`©Q>ZmVyZ C^m a{hbobm hm n¡gm nwÝhm ì`mK«
g§dY©ZmgmR>r dmnabm OmD$ bmJbm. ì`mK« JUZoV A_wbmJ« ~Xb Ho$bo Jobo. Or.Am`.Eg. Am{U [a_moQ> gopÝg§J gma»`m AË`mYw{ZH$
V§Ìm§Mm dmna ì`mK« g§dY©ZmgmR>r Ho$bm OmD$ bmJbm. AmO ^maVmV EHy$U 50 ì`mK« A^`maÊò AmhoV. OJâmVrb EHy$U 4000
dmKm§n¡H$s ^maVmV dmKm§Mr g§»`m 2226 À`m Amgnmg Amho. `mMmM AW© OJmVrb EHy$U dmKm§n¡H$s 50 Q>¸o$ hÿZ A{YH$ dmK ^maVmV
AmhoV.
gmam§e - dÝÒrd g§ajU d g§dY©ZmgmR>r EdT>o à`ËZ gwÕm WrQ>oM Agë`mMo IoXmZoM åhUmdo bmJob. dÝÒrdm§À`m Z¡g{J©H$
A{YdmgmVrb _mZdmMm hñVjon {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V Amho. Ë`mV gVV dmT>V Agbobr bmoH$g§»`m Am{U {VÀ`m H$Yrhr Z g§nUmè`m
JaOm `m§Mm \$ma _moR>m X~md dÝÒrd A{Ydmgmda nS>V Amho. Ë`mV _mUgm§Mo O§JbmVrb dmT>Vo A{VH«$_U, MmoaQ>r d¥jVmoS>, dÝ`
Ordm§Mr d dÝÒrdm§À`m {d{dY Ad`dm§Mr VñH$ar Aem EH$ Zm AZoH$ {ddY H$maUm_wio dÝÒrd g§ajU {Xdg|{Xdg A{YH$m{YH$
H$R>rU hmoV Mmbbo Amho. O§JbmVrb _mZdmÀ`m dmT>Ë`m hñVjonm_wio AmVm dÝ`àmUr XoIrb O§Jb gmoSy>Z _mZdr dñË`m§_Üò g§Mma H$ê$
bmJbo AmhoV. _mUgmÀ`m {d{dY {nH$m§da `m àmÊ`mMm CnÐd dmT>V Amho. Am{U `m gdmªVyZM _mZd-dÝÒrd g§Kfm©Mr OwZr {R>UJr
Zì`mZo ^S>H$m KoD$ nmhV Amho. `mV gm_mÝ` eoVH$ar Am{U g§a{jV joÌm§ZOrH$ amhUmar gd©gm_mÝ` OZVm `m g§Kfm©À`m H|$ÐñWmZr
~ir nS>V Amho. àemgZ d Am§Vaamï´>r` ñVamda dÝÒrd g§ajUmgmR>r Ho$ë`m OmV Agboë`m {d{dY à`ËZm§Zm èñdr H$amd`mMo
Agob Va `m Midirbm gm_mÝ` _mUgm§Mr àË`j dm AàË`j gmW hdr Amho.
^maVr` dmK (Panthera tigris) : {h_ {~~Q>çm (Panthera uncia) ZmaH$m|S>_ YZoe (Rhyticeros narcondami)
dmKm§À`m g§ajUmgmR>r ^maVmV ì`mK« OJmVrb hr EH$ AË`§V Xþ{_©i àOmV \$º$ hr A{Ve` Xþ{_©i njmMr OmV OJmV
àH$ënm§Mr gwédmV H$aÊ`mV Ambr. {h_mb` nd©Vam§JmnmgyZ {g¸$s_ n`ªV AmT>iVo. \$º$ A§X_mZ ~oQ>m§daM AmT>iVo.
Am{e`mB© qgh (Panthera leo) : Am{e`mB© hÎmr (Elephas maximus) :

qghm§Mr hr OmV Am{e`m I§S>mV \$º$ _hmamï´>mVrb qgYwXþJ© {OëømV Jobr
JwOamV _Yrb Jra A^`maÊ`mV AmT>iVo n§Yam df} _mZd-hÎmr g§Kf© H$irMm _wÔm ~Zbm`.
Idbo _m§Oa (Manis crassicaudata) :

Idbm§À`m VñH$argmR>r `m àmÊ`mMr _moR>çm à_mUmda
{eH$ma hmoV Agë`mZo hr àOmVr Zï> hmoÊ`mÀ`m
_mJm©da Amho.

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XÿY {nUmè`m JUnVrZo _moR>r Ii~i CS>dyZ {Xë`mM§ Amnë`m gJi`m§À`m ñ_aUmV Agob. WmoS>Š`mV, {dkmZ g_OyZ KoU§ ho
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OmñVrVOmñV bmoH$m§_Üò éOmdm `mgmR>r {dkmZ _mV¥^mfoVyZ gm§JÊ`mMmhr à`ËZ _moR>`m à_mUmda Ho$bm OmVmo. _amR>r {dkmZ
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`m nmM XeH$m§_Üò OrdZmer g§~§{YV Odinmg gd©M joÌm§_Üò ~Xb Pmbo. Ag§ åhQ>b§ OmV§ H$s, ~Xb hmoU§ hr EH$M Z
~XbUmar Am{U gmVË`mZo KS>Umar KQ>Zm Amho. 1996 gmbr ~S>moXm BWo _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoM§ 31 d§ {dkmZ g§_obZ Pmb§ Voìhm
n[afXoMo VËH$mbrZ AÜ`j S>m°. dg§Vamd JmodmarH$a Amnë`m àmñVm{dH$ ^mfUmV Ag§ åhUmbo H$s, g§_obZmÀ`m g§»òdéZ g§ñWoM§
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Aem VèhoZo _amR>r {dkmZ n[afXoÀ`m `m 31 dfm©À`m H$maH$sXuV EH$ J{V_mZ ñW¡` Amho. S>m°. JmodmarH$am§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo n[afXoZo ho
J{V_mZ ñW¡` nmM XeH$m§nojm A{YH$ H$mi gmVË`mZo {Q>H$db§ Amho.
J{V_mZ ñW¡`© {Q>H$dVmZm Á`m AZoH$ AmìhmZm§Zm Vm|S> Úmd bmJV§ Ë`mn¡H$s _hËdmMr AmìhmZ§ åhUOo ~XbË`m H$mimZwén
n[afXoÀ`m CnH«$_m§_Üò ~Xb H$aU§ Am{U ho CnH«$_ g_mOmV èñdrnUo am~dÊ`mgmR>r gj_ _Zwî`~i C^§ H$aU§.
n[afXoÀ`m H$m`m©gmR>r H$m`©H$Ë`mªMr \$m¡O {Z_m©U H$aU§ Am{U Ë`m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {d^mJm§Mo gj_rH$aU H$aU§ `m XmoÝhr
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gmYmaUnUo EH$ df© MmbUmè`m `m àH$ënmMr O~m~Xmar _mÂ`mH$So> gmondÊ`mV Ambr Am{U _{dnMo H$m`©dmh S>m°. O`§V Omoer `m§Zr
àH$ën g_Ýd`H$ åhUyZ O~m~Xmar ñdrH$mabr.
n{hbm Q>ßnm à{ejU -
`m àH$ënmMm n{hbm Q>ßnm åhUOo `m nWXeu CnH«$_mV
gh^mJr hmoUmè`m `wdm {dkmZ àgmaH$m§Mo à{ejU hm hmoVm. {XZm§H$
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à{ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r XmoZ {Xdgr` H$m`©emioM§ Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV
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gm{hË`, hñVnwpñVH$m _{dnH$Sy>Z XoÊ`mV Amb§.

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Joë`m. `m g§H$ënZm embo` {dÚmÏ`mªZm gmoß`m ^mfoV H$em gm§JVm òVrb, {df`mMr _m§S>Ur a§OH$VoZo H$er H$aVm òB©b `mM§hr
_mJ©Xe©Z à{ejUmWvZm H$aÊ`mV Amb§.
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Pmbr. H$m`©emioÀ`m doioÀ`m {Z`moOZmV Ë`m_wio H$moUVrhr AS>MU Ambr Zmhr.
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Xþgam Q>ßnm - àË`j H$m`©dmhr -
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KoVboë`m _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dkmZ àgmaH$m§Zr Zm{eH$ _hmZJanm{bH$m emim§_Üò Xa
e{Zdmar hr H¥$VrgÌo gwé Pmbr Am{U Vr \o$~«wdmar _{hÝ`mn`ªV KoVbr Jobr.
_hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmWu emim§_YyZ H¥$VrgÌo H$em àH$mao KoV AmhoV Am{U
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{d^mJmH$Sy>Z hm àH$ën {Z`moOZ~ÜXnUo am~dÊ`mV òV Agë`mM§ `m nmhUrV {XgyZ Amb§.
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H¥$VrgÌm§À`m Xaå`mZ Vo Xa AmR>dS>`mbm ~¡R>H$m KoD$Z _mJ©Xe©Z H$aV hmoVo.
àH$ënmV gh^mJr Pmboë`m _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmÏ`mªZm àH$ënmgmR>r H$m_ H$aÊ`mV
ag dmQ>Vmo Amho Am{U Vo Ë`mMr _Om KoV Agë`mM§ AmT>ib§. n{hë`m H$mhr H¥$VrgÌm§_Üò
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`m g§dmXmM§ Am`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Amb§ hmoV§.
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Amåhr gmXa H$aV Agbobo à`moJ Amåhr `mnydu Ho$bo ZìhVo, qH$dm nm{hbo ZìhVo. nU àH$ënmV gh^mJr Pë`mZo Amåhm§bm Vo H$aVm
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H$moUVrhr Jmoï> gm§Jy eH$Vmo. Á`m emioV OmVmo Ë`m emioVbr _wb§ e{ZdmaMr Am{U Amåhr òÊ`mMr dmQ> ~KV AgVmV. hr _wb§
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ho H$m_ H$aVmZm g_mYmZ {_iV§, Ag§ _V `m _hm{dÚmb`rZ {dÚmÏ`mªZr `mdoir ì`º$ Ho$b§.
{Vgam Q>ßnm - {dkmZ JwUXe©Z _oimdm
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KoÊ`mV Ambobm EH$ à`moJ H$éZ Ë`mMo ñnï>rH$aU XoV hmoVm.
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Zr{b_m ndma `m§À`m hñVo Pmb§. H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m
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àH$ën à_wI ho_§V bmJdUH$a, A{OV Q>¸o$, g§JrVm _wR>mi, Zm{eH$ _{dn {d^mJmMo
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hmoVo. `m gdm©Zr _Znm {dÚmWu XmIdV Agbobo à`moJ n{hbo Am{U `wdm {dkmZ
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emim§_Yrb {dÚmWu, {ejH$, nmbH$ VgoM Zm{eH$ _Yrb ZmJ[aH$ `m§Zm h`m _oimì`mbm ôQ> XoVm `mdr `mgmR>r {XZm§H$ 1 _mM©
2017 amoOr {Xdgâ hm à`moJ _oimdm gwé R>odÊ`mV Ambm hmoVm.
1 _mM©bm H$m`©H«$_mMm g_mamon Pmë`mda Kar OmVmZm _hmZJanm{bHo$À`m emioVë`m H$mhr _wbtZm aSy> AZmda Pmb§.
Amåhmbm Xa e{Zdmar ôQ>m`bm òUmè`m, Am_À`mH$Sy>Z à`moJ H$éZ KoUmè`m H$m°boO_Yë`m Am_À`m VmB©-XmXmbm naV Am_À`m
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Kamnojm AmVm emim OmñV {à` dmQ>m`bm bmJbr Amho. {deof² Z_yX H$aÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> åhUOo, hm àH$ën gwé Agboë`m

emim§_Yrb e{ZdmaMr CnpñWVr e§â Q>¸o$ Agë`mM§ {ZXe©Zmg Amb§.
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_ZnmMo {ejUm{YH$mar {ZVrZ CnmgZr `m§Zr ì`º$ Ho$b§.
nwT>rb {Xem -
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`m nWXeu àH$ënmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbm. `§Xm Z§Xþa~ma BWë`m _amR>r {dkmZ
n[afXoÀ`m {d^mJmZo "e{Zdmar....{dkmZdmar' hm àH$ën {VWë`m
emim§_YyZ am~dÊ`mMr V`mar XmIdbr. Ë`m_wio {XZm§H$ 1 d 2 Owb¡ 2017
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bmoh, BVH§$M Zìho Va µ’$m°ñµ’$ag, ‘°¾o{e¶‘, ‘±JZrO, nmoQ>°{e¶‘, OñV, Vm§~o, gobo{Z¶‘, ‘m°{bãS>oZ‘ ¶mgmaIr I{ZOohr H$mhr
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daU^mVmda qb~y, Am‘Q>r‘Ü¶o qMM qH$dm Am‘gyb (H$moH$‘) KmbÊ¶mMr nÜXV Amho. Am‘gwbmVrb hm¶S´>mop³ggm¶{Q´>H$ Amåb
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nMZhr ghO hmoV§.
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‘hmamï´>r¶ ^moOZ ho g§nyU©nUo {dkmZm{Y{ð>V Amho. BVH§$M Zìho Va Vo dmT>Ê¶mMr nÜXVhr nyU©nUo {dkmZm{Y{ð>V Amho.
gÜ¶m Amnë¶mda hmoV Agboë¶m naH$s¶ ImÚ g§ñH¥$VrÀ¶m AmH«$‘UmMm {dMma H$aVm Amnbr ImÚ g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U nmH${dÚm hr
g§nyU©nUo {dkmZm{Y{ð>V Am{U Amamo½¶mbm Yê$ZM Amho ho Zì¶m {nT>rbm g‘OU§ AË¶§V JaOoM§ Amho.
A{Ve¶ Wmoa na§nam Am{U CÀM g§ñH¥$Vr Agboë¶m Amnë¶m XoemV AOyZhr A§YlÜXoM§ ânya àm~ë¶ Amho. ZdrZ
{nT>rÀ¶m ‘ZmVyZ A§YlÜXoM§ CÀMmQ>Z H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U EH$ {dkmZm{Zð> g‘mO ~ZÊ¶mgmR>r Kam‘Yë¶m ñÌr‘Ü¶o d¡km{ZH$
OmJê$H$Vm ¶m¶bm nm{hOo. AmB© hm ‘wbm§Mm n{hbm Jwê$ AgVo. Oa Vr amoO H$arV Agboë¶m ñd¶§nmH$m‘Ü¶o Am{U ñd¶§nmH$Kam‘Ü¶o
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ñd¶§nmH$KamVrb {dkmZ g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mZ§ CÎm‘ MdrMm, Amamo½¶mbm ¶mo½¶ Agm ñd¶§nmH$ Va H$aVm ¶oB©bM nU d¡km{ZH$
Om{Udm g‘¥ÜX hmooÊ¶mg Z³H$sM ‘XV hmoB©b.
- S>m°. dfm© Omoer
varshajoshi611@gmail.com
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{dÚmnrR>mZo KoVbobm nwT>mH$ma !!! gm`Ýg nmH©$Zo 3df} èñdrarË`m nyU© Ho$br AmhoV.
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_hËdmMo Am{U àmW{_H$ H$m`© Amho. ^maVr` g§{dYmZm_Üò àm`mo{JH$ g§JUH$s` gw{dYm (CDC) Am{U Iyn _moR>çm à_mUmV
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{ZgJm©À`m gm{ÞÜ`mV ZoD$Z Am{U à`moJ XmIdyZ CËgwH$Vm H$aVm òÊ`mgmaIr, pìhS>rAmo Am{U Ioi, N>moQ>o àH$ën Am{U
H$m`_ R>odUo XoIrb Amdí`H$ Amho. g§nyU© OJmV, _moR>çm {d{dY {R>H$mUr ôQ>r
à_mUmV gm`Ýg nmH©$ Am{U Am{U d¡km{ZH$ g§J«hmbò AmhoV,
2. d¡{eîQ>çnyU© H$m`©emim : Eamo_m°So>qbJ, amo~mo{Q>Šg,
Á`m_Üò _moR>_moR>r CnH$aUo, àmË`{jHo$, ñdV… à`moJ H$aVm
BH$m°bm°Or, nmUr Am{U H$Mè`mMo ì`dñWmnZ, gyú_ àmÊ`m§Mo
òVrb Aem à`moJ emim AmhoV Á`mZo VéU _Zmbm Ë`m§À`m
OJ, Amnbo eara, Mw§~H$m~amo~aMr _Om, {dÚwV Mw§~H$mMr VËdo
¶w³Ë¶m {dñVm[aV H$ê$Z Ë`m àË`jmV CVa{dUo Am{U {dkmZ d
(electromagnetism), BboH$Q´>moñQ>°{Q>H$g, àH$meemó,
V§ÌkmZmVrb AmYw{ZH$ Jmoï>r gm_mÝ`m§Zm H$iVrb Aem
{n[a`m°{S>H$Q>o~b Am{U ~aoM H$mhr
AmdmŠ`mV AmUUo _hËdmMo Amho.
3. emoYnyU© à`moJemim : gm`Ýg nmH©$_Üò 3 à`moJemim
gm{dÌr~mB© nUwo {dÚmnrR>mMm ej¡{UH$ n[aga øm gd©
AmhoV Ogo; _yb^yV, _mÜ`{_H$ Am{U àJV. BWo {dÚmWu
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ñdV…À`m hmVmZo Ë`m§À`m Aä`mgH«$_mbm (SSC, CBSE, ICSE)
AZHo$ {ZîUmV VÁk AmhVo; gm_mÝ` {dkmZ, gm_m{OH$ {dkmZ,
AZwgê$Z à`moJ H$aVmV.
H$bm d _mZdVm, gn§H$© B. gm{dÌr~mB© \$wbo nUwo {dÚmnrR>,
{eH$dÊ`mMr nÕV Am{U g§emoYZmgmR>r bmJUmè`m 4. {ejH$m§gmR>r _mJ©Xe©Zna H$m`©H«$_ : {ejH$ ho embo`
à`mJoemimg § mR>r à{gÕ Amh.o BWo D$Om,© Amam½o`, gJ§UH$emó {ejUmVrb _hËdmMm KQ>H$ AmhoV. EH$M {ejH$ EH$m dfm©V
BË`mXrgmR>r AmY{wZH$ à`mJoemim AmhVo. øm gd© {d^mJmÀ§`m 100 nojm OmñV _wbm§Zm {eH$dVmV. doJdoJù`m d¡km{ZH$
_XVrZo bhmZ d`mVM _b w mZ§m Ë`mM§r {Okmgm OmnomgVm Ambr Va g§Mm§À`m AmYmao {ejH$m§À`m _ZmVrb ZdZdrZ à`moJm§Zm
\$m`XmM hmBob © øm CÔeomZo gm`Ýg nmH$© C^maÊ`mV Ambo Amh.o àmoËgm{hV H$aUo OmñV _hËdmMo Amho. Ë`mM Ñï>rZo
à`moJemioVrb {dkmZ {df`H$ {ejUmZo OmñV {dÚmÏ`mªer
àmÜ`mnH$ {Xbrn H$mÝhoa|Zr nXmW© {dkmZmVrb Ë`m§À`m
OmoS>bo OmD$Z g§dmX gmYUo gmono OmB©b. øm CÔoembm
g§emoYZ Am{U AÜ`mnZmVrb {Zd¥ÎmrZ§Va 2013 _Üò
AZwgê$Z gm`Ýg nmH©$Zo {ejH$m§gmR>r Img Aä`mgH«$_m
distinguished professor ({dÚmnrR>mMo à{V{ð>V àmÜ`mnH$)
^modVrMr Aer gImob H¥${V gÌo V`ma Ho$br AmhoV.

gm¶Ýg nmH©$Mr PbH$
pIù`m§Mr eæ`m : àM§S> à_mUmVrb pIù`m§da, pIio

nm`mV Z amodVm Cô ahm. Vw_Mo dOZ g_mZ à_mUmV
{dV[aV Pmbo VaM Vwåhr Cô amhÿ eH$Vm.
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YaUmar {dMmagaUr ApñVÎdmV Ambr. {dH$mgH$m_o H$aÊ`mnydu Ë`mMo n`m©daUmda H$m` n[aUm_ hmoVrb, `mMm A§XmO ~m§YVm
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n[aUm_m§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$aÊ`mMr Environmental Impact assessment (B©.Am`.E.) hr VaVyX ApñVÎdmV Ambr.
n`m©daUmda hmoUmè`m n[aUm_m§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$aVmZm hdm, nmUr, O_rZ `m AO¡{dH$ Am{U dZñnVr, àmUr `m O¡{dH$
KQ>H$m§da hmoUmè`m n[aUm_m§Mm {dMma Ho$bm OmVmo. `m Aä`mgmMo T>mo~i_mZmZo Mma Q>ßno H$aVm òVrb. n{hbm Q>ßnm Baseline
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ì`dñWmnZ AmamIS>çmV ~Xb H$aUo `m Q>ßß`mV Ano{jV AgVo.
n`m©daUmdarb n[aUm_m§Mo _yë`_mnZ H$aVmZm O¡d-{d{dYVoM§ gd}jU' H$g§ H$amd§ `m{df`r g{dñVa _m{hVr AmVm nmhÿ.
O¡d{d{dYVoÀ`m AhdmbmVyZ àH$ënjoÌmg§~§Yr nwT>rb _m{hVr {_iUo Ano{jV AgVo. Ë`m_Üò àH$ënmÀ`m n[agamV
Agboë`m n[ag§ñWm; Ë`m§Vrb {d{dY Z¡g{J©H$ òmoV - O§Jb Amho H$m, Vo H$moUË`m àH$maMo Amho; ObòmoV, Obàdmh AmhoV H$m;
H$moUH$moUË`m dZñnVr, àmUr-njr AmT>iVmV ho nm{hbo OmVo. Ë`m§Mm nañnag§~§Y åhUOo n[agamVrb AÞgmIù`m bjmV KoVë`m
OmVmV. Ë`mVë`m dZñnVr, àmÊ`m-nú`m§À`m àOmVt_Üò Ama.B©.Q>r. åhUOo aoAa AWm©V Xþ{_©i, EZ²-So>ÝOS©> åhUOo A{VXþ{_©i
Am{U W«oQ>ÝS> åhUOo Á`m§À`m ApñVÎdmbm YmoH$m {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho Aem àOmVr AmhoV H$m ho nm{hbo OmVo. g§nyU© OJmV Ho$di EH$mM
àXoemV AmT>iVmV Aem Img ñWm{ZH$ - Á`m§Zm 'EÝSo>{_H$' åhUVmV Aem àOmVr AmhoV H$m ho bjmV KoVbo OmVo. Aem àOmVr

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AÞ, {Zdmam, àOZZmgmR>r nwaoer OmJm, {n„o dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r gwa{jV Amgao H$go {_iVmV ho g_OyZ KoVbo OmVo.
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njr _moR>çm g§»òZo AgVmV. ñWm{ZH$ bmoH$m§Zr amIbobr XodamB©, XodmMm S>moh Aer {R>H$mUo, Ym{_©H$ _hÎdmMr àmW©ZmñWio,
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~m`moS>m`d{g©Q>r hm°Q>ñnm°Q>' Agë`mg Ë`mMr XIb KoVmV.
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gd© F$Vy§_Üò Ho$bm OmVmo.
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Ë`m§V XoemoXoer WmoS>m\$ma \$aH$ AgVmo.
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VgoM àgma_mÜ`_m§_Üò Amboë`m ~mVå`m, boI Ago gm{hË` {_idyZ Ë`mMo dmMZ H$aUo, joÌmMo ZH$meo nmhmUo. B§Q>aZoQ>da CnbãY
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nydm©ä`mgmMm AmUIr EH$ _hÎdmMm CÔoe Amho; nydu àH$m{eV Pmboë`m gm{hË`mVrb g§X^mª_wio àË`j {ZarjUmV
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d¡{eï²>ò Ë`mÀ`m àË`j AZw^dmg òVmV. joÌmVrb dZñnVtÀ`m àH$mam§Mm A§XmO òVmo, H$moUH$moUVo njr dma§dma {XgVmV ho bjmV
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àH$ënjoÌmVrb O¡d{d{dYVoMm Ahdmb ~Zdbm OmVmo.
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Aer {e\$mag H$aVm òVo. àH$ën nyd©{Z`mo{OV joÌmV hmoUma, Ago {Z{üV Agob; Va Z¡g{J©H$Ñï²>`m Iyn _hÎdmÀ`m ^mJmbm Y¸$m
bmJy Zò Aem [aVrZo àH$ënmMr AmIUr H$amdr, Aer {e\$mag H$aVm òVo.
Agm emór` nÕVrZo V`ma Ho$bobm O¡d{d{dYVoMm Ahdmb àH$ën{Z{_©Vr~m~VÀ`m {ZU©`à{H«$òV Am{U {Z`moOZmV
_hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdVmo.
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Pmbo. Vo amï´>r¶ {dfmUy g§ñWoV {dfmUyOÝ¶ AmOmam§er g§~§YrV {H$Q>H$, àmUr ¶m§À¶mdarb g§emoYZm~amo~aM d¡km{ZH$
nÜXVr~Ôb d ghH$mè¶m§À¶m Ý¶m¶mgmR>r AmJ«h YaUmao åhUyZ gd©n[aMrV hmoVo. 1980 nmgyZ bmoH${dkmZ g§KQ>oZoÀ¶m H$m‘mbm
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{_iVo, Oo ZH$mo åhUyZ AmnU Q>mH$Vmo, Aer Jmoï> {OMm H$mhr Cn`moJ Zmhr Vr Jmoï> åhUOo H$Mam. lr. am_Xmg H$moH$ao `m§Mo d|Jwbm©
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eyÝ` H$Mam n[aga' hm boI; _bm Imbrb {d~oMZ _m§S>Ê`mg Cn`moJr R>abo.
eyÝ` H$Mam ì`dñWmnZ AW© bmdVmZm eyÝ` H$Mamì`dñWmnZ H$seyÝ`H$Mam ì`dñWmnZ åhUOo, H$Mè`mMo ì`dñWmnZ
H$mam`Mo Zmhr H$m? AWdm Ago ì`dñWmnZ H$s eyÝ` H$Mam {Z{_©Vr? H$moUVmhr AW© ¿`m H$m` \$aH$ nS>Vmo`? _wÔm AW© g_OyZ
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AmdaU Amnë`mgmR>r H$Mam hmoVo. H$m? Va AmnU Vo nwÝhm H$moR>o dmnaUma? H$go dmnaUma ho g_OV Zmhr qH$~hþZm g_OyZ KoÊ`mMr
_mZ{gH$Vm ZgVo. Oa g_OboM Va Ë`m AZwe§JmZo H¥$Vr H$aÊ`mMr V`mar ZgVo.
~mOmamVyZ Ho$ir AmUVmZm A{V Amdí`H$ dmQ>Umao Ë`mMo gmbnmQ> Ho$i ImD$Z AWdm BVa ImÚnXmWm©V Cn`moJmV
AmUyZ Pmbo H$s, AmnUmbm Vo {Zén`moJr dmQ>Vo.AOyZ EH$ CXmhaU, ~mOmamVyZ Q>r. dr. AmUbm Va, bJoMM AWdm H$mhr H$mimZo
W_m©H$mob À`m VwH$S>çm§Zm \o$Hy$Z AWdm K§Q>m JmS>rV XoVmo.
H$m¡ñVw^ VmåhUH$a `m§Zr {b{hbobo, eyÝ` H$Mam ho nwñVH$ dmMbo Va bjmV Ambo H$s, H$Mam Ag§ H$m` Amho ? gd© Jmoï>rVa
`m Zm Ë`m H$maUmZo H$moUmÀ`mVar Cn`moJmMr AgVo qH$dm Cn`moJmV AmUVm òV AgVo {ZgJ© Z MwH$Vm Aì`mhVnUo {^Þ JVrZo
A{ZË`Mo VËd nmiV Amho, nËòH$ Jrï>rV Aì`mhVnUo ~Xb H$aV AgVmo.
Amnë`mbm {ZgJm©Mr {h JVr g_OyZ ¿`mdr bmJob. H$maU, H$mhr Jmoï>r {XdgmV, Va H$mhr _{hÝ`mV, Va H$mhr H$mhr
dfm©V, Va H$mhr dfm©Zwdf}, Va H$mhr {nT>çmZ{nT>çm hmoË`mÀ`m ZmìhË`mV Zìho Va OwÝ`m hmoË`mMo ZdrZ hmoË`mV énm§VarV hmoV
AgVmV. JaO Amho Vr g¥OZerbVoMr, ZdrZ hmoVo emoYÊ`mMr. ng§V òB©b Vo ZdrZ hmoVo gj_nUo H$go KSo>b `m Ñï>rZo nmD$b
CMbÊ`mMr.
Vgo nmhVm àM{bV H$Mam {h g_ñ`m AJXr EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mÀ`m CÎmamYm©nmgyZ OJmbm àH$fm©Zo OmUdy
bmJbr.H$Xm{MV Am¡ÚmoJrH$aU, eharH$aU, Vm§ÌrH$sH$aU `m§À`m _mohmnm`r AmnU gmo`rñH$aarË`m Xþb©j H$aV Ambobmo AmhmoV.
Xþb©j H$aÊ`mMr nÕV; _r qH$dm Amåhr ì`{V[aº$ BVa H$moUmbmhr Ìmg Pmbm Var ~ohÎma Aer. VgoM àemgH$s` nmVirda
O~m~Xmè`m EH$_oH$mda T>H$byZ gj_ EodOr VmËnwaË`m ñdê$nmMo à`ËZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo.
H$Mam EH$m {R>H$mUmhÿZ ZoD$Z Xþgè`m {R>H$mUr O_m H$aUo åhUOo H$Mam ì`dñWmnZ Agm _m\$H$ g_O H$ê$Z KoVbm.
H$Mè`mMm T>rJ ìhm`bm bmJë`mda, Vmo OmiyZ AWdm nwê$Z AWdm dmhÿZ ZOaog_moê$Z Jobm åhUOo Vmo Jobm Ago gmo`rñH$a g_OyZ
KoVbo.

{Z_m©U Am{U Zd{Z_m©U `m_Üò AmnU {ZgJm©À`m JVrnojm Iyn nwT>o AmhmoV. n[aUm_r {ZgJm©Mo g§VwbZ ~XbV Amho. ho
H$mhr H$_r åhUyZ H$Mam Cƒ Vmn_mZmV gai OmiUo AWdm Xþgam Cn`moJr nXmW© ~ZdyZ è {_imë`mÀ`m A{d^m©dmV Vmo
Q>ß`mQ>ß`mZo OmiUo ho OdiMo dmQy> bmJbo. AJXr gm§S>nmUr gwÕm O{_Zr ImbyZ nmUr àXÿfU Mmbob nU ZwgVo dmhZo ZH$mo Aer
_mZ{gH$Vm V`ma Pmbr.
JaO Amho Vr, XÿaÑï>rZo, {Q>H$mD$, XÿaJm_r nmCb Q>mH$Ê`mMr. ho gd© R>rH$ Amho nU, Zo_H$m Cnm` Vmo H$moUVm? Zo_Ho$
H$am`Mo Var H$m`? XÿaMo H$embm, OdiMo d|Jwbm© ZJa n[afXoMo CXmhaUM ¿`m Zm. EH$ YS>mS>rMm emgH$s` A{YH$mar, amOH$s` d
gm_m{OH$ gmW {_imbr Va H$m` H$ê$ eH$Vmo Vo d|Jwb}H$amZr \$º$ {Oëømbm Zìho Va OJmbm d ñdV: Ë`m§Zm A{^_mZ dmQ>ob Aer
eyÝ` H$Mam ì`dñWmnZmMr _whÿV©_oT> aMyZ XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho. d|Jwë`m©_Üò KamKamVyZ {_iUmam X¡Z§{XZ H$Mam 27 àH$mamV dJuH$aU
Ho$bm OmVmo. àemgZ, amOH$maU d g_mOH$maU `m§Mo CÎm_ H$mbdU eyÝ`H$Mam ì`dñWmnZ `mVyZ {XgVo. Hw$S>mi VmbwŠ`mVrb
qnJwir J«m_n§Mm`mVMm amoO EH$ Q>Z d qgYwXþJ© {OëømVrb gd© {~Mogdarb H$Mam {Z`{_VnUo pñdH$mabm OmVmo.Á`mbm AmnU
H$Mam åhUVmo Ë`mnmgyZ d|Jwbm© ZJan[afXobm Xa_hm XrS> bmI énò CËnÞ {_iVo. OmJ{VH$ ñVamda AZwH$aUr` åhUyZ g§`wº$ amï´>
{dH$mg H$m`©H«$_ `m g§KQ>ZoZo ho A{^Zd H$m`© OJmg_moa AmUbo.
AmVmn`ªV 12000 Aä`mgH$m§Zr `m àH$ënmg ôQ>r {Xë`m AmhoV.Á`m A{YH$mè`mZo hm H$Mam ì`dñWmnZmMm bT>m
C^mabm d VS>rg Zobm Vo A{YH$mar åhUOo lr. am_Xmg H$moH$ao Á`m§À`m _Vo {Z`moOZ~ÜXVm, H$ënH$Vm, gd©g_mdoeH$Vm hr èñdr
hmoÊ`mMr H$maUo AmhoV. `m _h{Z` ì`º$sMo _mJ©Xe©Z amÁ`ñVar` _amR>r {dkmZ n[afX AZwf§JmZo {X. 16 {S>g|~a 2017 amoOr
dgw§Yam {dkmZ H|$Ð, Zoê$anma, VmbwH$m Hw$S>mi òWo bmÛma Amho. Ë`m{Z{_ÎmmZo hm boI.
- lr. A{OV _hmXod H$mZ{eSo>,
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emœV {dH$mg Am{U qgYwXþJ©
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CÎma WmoSo>go ZH$mamWuM òVo.
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Ag§Vw{bV g_mOì`dñWm VgoM H$mhr à_mUmV g§ñH¥$Vr d gm_m{OH$ ñdmñÏ` YmoŠ`mV Amë`mgmaIo dmQ>Vo. {dH$mgmÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ AmnUm§g hoM Ano{jV Amho H$m?
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g_mOì`dñWm `mMo _mZdmÀ`m {dH$mgmer ZmVo Amho, `mMm {dga nSy>Z Mmbob H$m?
gwIgmo`tZr g_¥ÜX H$aUmam Aem àH$maMm {dH$mg {ZgJm©er OwidyZ ghOrdZ OJÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVrnmgyZ _mZdmbm Xÿa
H$arV Amho. Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm§Mm A{VaoH$s Cngm nwT>rb H$mimV gwIgmo`r XoÊ`mgmR>r Anwam nSy> eH$Vmo. Ë`mMm g§nyU© g_mO
OrdZm§da n`m©`mZo _mZdr {dH$mgmda XÿaJm_r Xþîn[aUm_ H$é eH$Vmo. Aem n[apñWVrV H$m` H$amdo? H$s nwÝhm gd© {dH$mg _m°So>b
~mOybm R>odyZ OwÝ`m H$mimà_mUo amhUr_mZ OJmdo, Va Vohr eŠ` Zmhr.
emœV {dH$mg _m°So>bMr Amdí`H$Vm -
n¥Ïdrdarb gOrd d {ZOud g¥ï>r hr _ybV: EH$M n[ag§ñWm AgyZ Ë`mMm EH$_oH$m§er K{Zð> g§~§Y Amho. _Zwî` àmUr d
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Agbobr Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZo {dMmamV KoD$Z XÿaJm_r {dH$mgmgmR>r EImXo {dH$mg _m°So>b V`ma H$aUo JaOoMo R>aVo. `mbmM emœV
{dH$mg _m°So>b åhUVmV.
emœV {dH$mgmMr g§H$ënZm d _ybVËdo WmoS>çm {dñVmamZo g_OyZ KoD$`m. _wimV {dH$mg hm gd©g_mdoeH$ d XÿaJm_r
Agmdm OoUoH$éZ {ZgJ©MH«$mMm g_Vmob amIV dV©_mZ d ^mdr {nT>rMo OrdZ_mZ gwgh` hmoD$ eHo$b, ho emœV {dH$mg _m°So>b_Üò
Ano{jV Amho. {dH$mg åhUOo ânya gwIgmo`r d n¡gm {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r ^m§S>dbXmar d AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$éZ Z¡g{J©H$
g§gmYZo Amoa~S>Uo d Ë`m AZwf§JmZo g§ñH¥$Vr d gm_m{OH$ ñdmñÏ` YmoŠ`mV AmUUo, ho emœV {dH$mg _m°So>b_Üò Ano{jV Zmhr.
`mdéZ bjmV òB©b, H$s emœV {dH$mg _m°So>b ho n`m©daU, AW©H$maU d g_mO ñdmñÏ` `m VrZ _ybVËdm§er {ZJS>rV Amho.
n`m©daUmVrb g§gmYZm§Mm Ë`mÀ`m {Z`{_V XoÊ`mÀ`m j_VoV amhÿZ {dH$mgmgmR>r `mo½` dmna H$aUo, OoUoH$éZ hr Z¡g{J©H$
g§gmYZo AmO d CX`mgmR>r g_mZ dmnabr OmVrb. hr Pmbr emœV {dH$mg àUmbr. emœV {dH$mg H$aVmZm, Ë`mMm H$_rVH$_r
CnÐd {ZgJ© d n`m©daUmg hmoB©b, `mMr XjVm KoVbr OmVo. AW©H$maUmMm {dMma H$aVm, emœV {dH$mgm_Üò g_mOmVrb gd©
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A{Ve` _hËdmMm KQ>H$ Amho. Omo Xþb©{jV H$éZ MmbV ZmhrV. emœV {dH$mgm_Üò ñWm{ZH$ g§ñH¥$Vr Mmbr[aVr d ñWm{ZH$ g_mO
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Jmoï>tMm {dMma H$éZ emœV {dH$mg _m°So>b _m§S>Vm òVo.
qgYwXþJm©Mm emœV {dH$mg -
qgYwXþJ© {Oëhm hm _hmamï´>mVrb A{dH${gV {Oëhm åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. H$maU BWo Am¡X`mo{JH$sH$aU Zmhr. BWbm VéU
dJ© amoOJmamgmR>r _w§~B©, nwUo `mgma»`m {R>H$mUr ñWbm§V[aV hmoVmo. `m AWm©Zo AmÎmmn`ªV AmnU A{dH${gV AmhmoV. nU Iao Va
Aem {dH$mgmnmgyZ d§{MV am{hbmo, {hM Amnë`mgmR>r emœV {dH$mg H$aÊ`mg g§Yr Amho. H$maU qgYwXþJ© d g§nyU© H$moH$UnÅ>m åhUOo
{ZgJm©Mr _wº$ hñVo CYiU Amho. EH$m ~mOybm AWm§J g_wÐ, Va XþgarH$So> n{ü_ KmQ>mVrb JX© O§Jbm§Zr âboë`m nd©Vam§Jm, `m
nd©Vm§_YyZ dmhUmè`m ZX`m, ImS>`m, {dnwb O§Jb g§nÎmr, O¡d{d{dYVm, g_wÐmH$Sy>Z {_iUmao _Ëñ` CËnmXZ, Am§~m H$mOy, Zmai
`mgmaIr {nHo$ VgoM {d{dY \$i\w$bo hr g§gmYZo _w~bH$ AmhoV. Hw$eb d _wËgXr _Zwî`~i hr Amnë`mH$So> Amho. g_mO d g§ñH¥$Vr
{df`rÀ`m OmUrdmhr AOyZ OmJéH$ Amho. VgoM AW©H$maUhr \$mago {df_ Zmhr. åhUOoM emœV {dH$mg _m°So>bà_mUo àJVr H$aUo
AmnUmg A{YH$ gmon Amho. n`m©daU, AW©H$maU Am{U g_mO ñdmñÏ` `m emœV {dH$mgmÀ`m VrZ _ybVËdm§Mm {dH$mgmer Agbobm
g§~§Y qgYwXþJ© {Oëh`mÀ`m {dH$mg _m°So>ber dmnabm, Va AmnUmg `mVyZ Z¸$sM {Xem {_iy eHo$b.
åhUOo qgYwXþJm©V Agboë`m Z¡g{J©H$ g§gmYZm§Mr {dH$mgmbm nyaH$ emœV j_Vm OmUyZ KoVbr nm{hOo. Ë`mMà_mUo
ñWm{ZH$m§Zm d A{Ydmgm_Üò amhUmè`m gdmªZm Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZm§Mm g_mZ Cn^moJ KoVm Ambm nm{hOo. OoUoH$éZ g_mOm_Üò Am{W©H$
Xar H$_r amhrb. Amnbr g§ñH¥$Vr d nydm©nma MmbV Ambobr na§nam `m§Mo AdbmoH$Z H$éZ `mo½` Vo nma§nm[aH$ V§ÌkmZ nwÝhm AmË_gmV
H$amdo bmJob. AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ d nma§[aH$ V§ÌkmZ `m§Mm _oi KmbyZ {ZgJm©bm d g_mOì`dñWobm H$_rV H$_r Anm` H$aUmao
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~m§~y g§Hy$c C^maUr, g§emoYZ {d^mJ -
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Souvenir 2017 - 52nd National Annual Science Conference MaViPa

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Souvenir 2017 - 52nd National Annual Science Conference MaViPa

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