Language Focus

Competency Subject Content Activity No.

Level
1.3 Pronounces English words properly
5.3 Consonant clusters in end position 4.37, 4.36
2.1 Writing abbreviations 4.22
3.6 Listening to a text 4.10
4.2 Matching words with meanings
Matching words with meanings 4.3, 4.5
4.5 Filling in blanks of a text 4.25, 4.14
Match pictures with descriptions 4.19, 4.34
Finding words for given meanings 4.32
4.6 Finding synonyms from a text 4.9
5.2 Reading a passage 4.4, 4.8, 4.35, 4.36
5.3 Role play 4.15(a)&(b), 4.20, 4.31
Transferring information from a text 4.17 (a)
5.4 into a grid 4.17, 4.2, 4.7, 4.40
Writing instructions
5.5 Reading advertisements 4.8, 4.1
Reading text 4.23
6.2 Turning passive voice into active 4.28
Direct object and indirect object 4.29
6.8 Passive form of verbs 4.26
Turning active voice into passive 4.27
6.9 Constructing passive sentences 4.30
Writing about Sri Lanka 4.11, 4.12
7.2 Writing a descriptive paragraph 4.16, 4.20
Writing on the Elephant Orphanage 4.18
4.3 Re-writing a dialogue 4.39
7.6 Writing a letter 4.13
7.7 Designing an advertisement 4.1 (b)
7.9 Describing a place 4.18
Writing a story / an experience 4.21, 4,24 (b)
8.9 Giving information on Sri Lanka 4.6
Asking question and responding 4.33

1 For free distribution

 Travelling
Reading
Man enjoys getting about. Travelling gives man a lot of experience. There is
a saying that “ One who does not travel is like a frog in a well”. Travelling takes
us to wonderful lands and beautiful places. It gives us exciting experiences.
Activity 4.1 (Group Work)
Speaking
(C / L 5.5 - Extracts the general idea of a text)
a) Read the advertisements and describe the advantages of travelling.

Writing
b) Design a colourful advertisement on ‘Travelling’ on an important place in
your area/ country to attract tourists, both local and foreign.

For free distribution 2

Activity 4.2
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.4 - Transfers information into other forms)
Put the information you have gathered from the advertisements in the
following grid in your writing book.
Habarana Egypt
1. The organizers
2. e-mail address
3 Destination
4. Places of interest
5. Provision of meals
6. Package price
7. Number of days (nights and days)
8. Modes of travel

Activity 4.3
Vocabulary
(C / L 4.2 - infers meanings of unfamiliar words)
Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B and write them
in your writing book.
A B
1) itinerary a) a trip to see wild animals
2) entrance b) sitting or lying in the heat of the sun
3) safari c) a place to stay
4) package (tour) d) have a holiday
5) full board e) visiting interesting buildings and places as a
tourist
6) accommodation f) accommodation in a hotel that includes all meals
7) sightseeing g) a plan of a journey, including the route and the
places you visit
8) mystifying h) going in
9) basking i) a holiday organized by a company at a fixed price
10) get away j) making someone confused because they do not
understand something.

3 For free distribution

Activity 4.4 (Pair Work)
(C / L 1.3 - Pronounces English words properly)

Reading (a) Read the text carefully.

l First read silently
l Then read aloud

Entry to the Maldives

l Almost all visitors to the Maldives arrive by air.
l Male International Airport is situated in Hulule.
l All visitors must have valid passports.
l Visitors coming from yellow fever infected areas should provide an international
certificate of inoculation.
l No visa is required in advance. All visitors get 30 days visa on arrival.
l All visitors who enter the Maldives should have a return air ticket and sufficient
funds (currency / travellers cheques / credit cards).
l For further information contact the Maldivian Embassy in your country.
l Passengers are prohibited to bring in firearms, ammunition, narcotic drugs,
pornographic materials and liquor.

For free distribution 4

(b) Activity 4.4
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.2 - Extracts specific information from a text)

Read the text “Entry to the Maldives” and find the following information.

1. Necessary documents to enter the Maldives -

2. Rules and regulations -

3 Male international airport -

4. Means of travel -

5. The place to get information -

Activity 4.5
Reading / Writing
Vocabulary
(C / L 4.2 Infers meaning of unfamiliar words)

Match A with the correct meaning in B. Write in your writing book.

1. valid a) shells, bombs etc. to be used against the

enemy in battle.

2. infected b) protection against diseases with vaccines

or serums.

3. inoculation c) legally or socially acceptable.

4. prohibited d) containing harmful germs.

5. ammunition e) not allowed to

5 For free distribution

Activity 4.6 (Group Work)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 8.9 - Gives and asks for information appropriately)

You have a pen pal in the Maldives. She / He hopes to visit Sri Lanka during
her / his school vacation. She / He needs the following information.
Write them in your writing book.

l Necessary documents l Rules and regulations to enter the country

l Accommodation l Name of the international airport
l Location of the international airport l Means of travel
l Further information

Activity 4.7
Writing
(C / L 5.4 - Transfers information into other forms)

Using the information you have gathered in act. 4.6, write some instructions
under the topic, “Entry to Sri Lanka” with the help of the text, “Entry to the
Maldives”.
Activity 4.8
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.5 - Extracts specific information from a text)

Passport Fill in the blanks of the following

A passport is an official docu- sentences in your writing book.
ment that identifies you as a citizen
of a particular country which you 1. A passport is an document.
have to show when you enter or
leave a country. 2. A passport helps to identify you as a
of a particular country.
A passport is issued by the Con-
troller of the Department of Immi-
3. When you enter or a country
gration and Emigration of a country.
A passport is valid for ten years from you have to show your .
the date of issue.
4. In Sri Lanka the passport is issued by
Children under sixteen years of
.
age travelling with a parent do not
need separate passports if particu-
5. A child under sixteen years of age
lars relating to them are given and
who travels with his / her parents
authenticated in the travel document.
a passport.

For free distribution 6

Activity 4.9 (Pair Work)
Vocabulary
(C / L 4.6 - Finds synonyms for given English words)

Match A with the correct meaning in B. Write in your writing book.

A B
1. immigration - (a) leaving a country
2. emigration - (b) give something officially
3. authenticated - (d) coming into a country
4. issue - (e) prove that something is true

Activity 4.10
Listening
(C / L 3.6 - Listens to and reports information)
Copy the sentences given below into your writing book. Your group leader /
teacher may read a listening text. Listen to it and fill in the blanks.

1. Visa is a .......... or .............. put in your passport.

2. That stamp gives you ........... to enter that foreign country.
3. To ............... a foreigner’s stay in Sri Lanka he / she has to contact the .............
of ........... and ...........

In pairs discuss what a visa is

Listening text
Visa
Visa is a stamp or mark put in your passport by officials of a
foreign country that gives you permission to enter or pass
through or leave their country.
Entry visas to Sri Lanka
You can download visa application forms from the web site
of the Department of Immigration and Emigration, Sri Lanka,
www.immigration.gov.lk.
While you are in Sri Lanka, if you need to extend your stay
you have to contact the Department of Immigration and
Emigration.

7 For free distribution

 The Maldives
Activity 4.11 (Group Work)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.5 - Extracts the general idea of a text)

Design a brochure with similar information on Sri Lanka under the same
heading. Display it on your wall paper.
Location
The Republic of Maldives is an
archipelago of 1,190 small coral islands,
out of which 200 are inhabited. The to-
tal area including land and sea is about
90,000 sq.k.m. It is in the Indian Ocean.
The nearest neighbours are India and Sri
Lanka, situated about 600 and 670 k.m.s
to the North and East respectively. There
are no hills, mountains or rivers in the
Maldives.
The People
Archaeological finds reveal that the
islands were inhabited as early as 1500
B.C. However it is believed that the first
settlers in these islands were Aryan
immigrants who had come around 500
B. C. Today, Maldivians are a mixed
race. The population is about 288,800.
Language
Throughout the Maldives, Dhivehi,
a language which belongs to the Indo -
Iranian group of languages is spoken. It’s
written from right to left. The national flag
comprises a green rectangle with a red
border. In the centre of the green
rectangle is a white crescent. The
National tree is the coconut palm and
the pink rose is the national flower.
Currency Haa Alifu Atoll Hanimaadhoo Airport

The Maldivian Shaviyani Atoll Haa Dhaalu Atoll

Noonu Atoll
Raa Atoll

National Emblem currency is Baa Atoll

Lhaviyani Atoll

called Rufiyaa, Maldives

The National Emblem of the Maldives
which is divided Male International Airport
consists of a coconut palm, a crescent, a (Alifu)
North Ari Atoll Male Atoll (Kaafu)
into one South Ari Atoll

star and two criss crossed National Flags Vaavu Atoll

hundred Laari. Faafu Atoll

with the Traditional title of the state. Dhaalu Atoll

Meenu Atoll

Thaa Atoll

Laamu Atoll Kadhdoo Airport

Kaadedhco Airport
Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll

Gnaviyani Atoll
Seenu Atoll Gan Airport

For free distribution 8

 Religion
Maldives is a 100% Sunni Muslim country. Islam is the religion of the state and the
backbone of the society.
Transport
“Dhoni” which is locally built is the common mode of inter
- island transport in the Maldives. The outrigger, canoe,
trawler and local boat are some of the other means of
travel by water.

Activity 4.12
Wrtinig
(C / L 7.2 - Writes descriptions of places, people and things)
Describe a place associated with boats.
eg: Kelani, Ganga, Seruwavila, Matara Ganga etc.
Activity 4.13
Letter - Reading / Writing
(C / L 7.6 - Writes brief notes, Lette rs, instructions and reports)

a) Read the letter carefully.

No. 10, Flower Road,

Maharagama,
Sri Lanka.
20th February 20.......
Dear Ahmed,
I have some happy news for you. I’m coming to see you next month. Do
you know why? Our college football team has been selected for a tournament
in the Maldives. So I’m eager to know about the country, currency, language,
food, interesting places to visit etc.
Please write to me soon. In my next letter, I’ll write more about our
proposed visit.
Bye!
With Love,
Sandun
b) Imagine that you are Ahmed and write a reply to Sandun with the help of
the text “ The Maldives”.

9 For free distribution

Activity 4.14
(C / L 4.5 - Uses contextual visual clues to derive the meaning of words)

Reading

Mihintale
Copy this text onto your
writing book and complete it
with suitable words from the
list given below.

Mahinda Thero, the son of

India’s Emperor Asoka, visited Sri Lanka in 247 B. C. As King Devanampiyatissa
was hunting deer in the wilderness around Mihintale, Mahinda thero appeared be-
fore him. ......................... thero .................. the king a riddle about .................
trees. After answering the riddle, ................. Devanampiyatissa became a .................
and declared ................. the state .................. Maha Viharaya, the monastery, which
was built by king ................. became ................. throughout the world as the
................. of ................. Buddhist learning. King Devanampiyatissa .................
1840 granite steps from the foot of the hill upto the shrine with a pinnacle. This
................. had been described as “A stairway to Heaven” by the English .................
Milton. Here, ................. of a large hospital, a large monastery, inscriptions and
beautiful ponds, hospital wards, a medicinal sauna bath, surgical instruments and
Persian bronze utensils can be seen even today.

Buddhist Devanampiyatissa religion

writer mango famous
centre constructed stairway
Mahinda ruins asked
Theravadi Buddhism king

For free distribution 10

 Roads A Now
Activity 4.15 (Group Work)
Speaking
(C / L 5.3 - Selects relevant information from a dialogue)
a) Role - play the dialogue
Mr. Piyadasa, an engineer, has come to see his
brother, Mr. Gunasiri and his family in Kandy.
They are talking about the transport systems Then
around the world. Mr. Gunasiri’s son Ravindu
and his daughter Nelum also join the conversa-
tion.
Mr. Piyadasa :- Ravindu, today you travel by road, air and sea using modern
technology. Long before, man went on foot.
Mr. Gunasiri :- Roads which we use today were not even thought of then.
Ravindu :- Then how did they cross rivers and lakes?
Mr. Piyadasa :- They simply used a log or a tree trunk.
Nelum :- How did the vehicles cross rivers?
Mr. Piyadasa :- There were no vehicles then. Bridges were built later.
Mr. Gunasiri :- The earliest bridges were made of wood.
Mr. Piyadasa :- Now almost all the bridges are made of concrete. Earlier road
surfaces were made of either beaten earth or stone, but today
roads with stronger and even surfaces are required to cope with
the increase in speed and travel. Motorists now drive their ve-
hicles at break - neck speed.
Ravindu :- How do they construct modern roads?
Mr. Piyadasa :- A mixture of bitumen and fine gravel is used to cover the roads
with a layer of Asphalt. It is the system used to carpet our roads.
Mr. Gunasiri :- These modern motorways with flyovers are the signs of man’s
progress over the years.

11 For free distribution

b) Activity 4.15 (Pair Work)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.3 - Selects relevant information from a dialogue)
Read the dialogue again and complete the grid in your writing book.
Bridges
Then Now

c) Using the clues you have written in the grid describe the picture
‘A’ given in page 89.

Activity 4.16
Writing
(C / L 7.2 - Writes descriptions of things, places and people)
Describe the road that takes you to the nearest town. Use the following points:-
l the distance - miles (k. m.) l the route number l the vehicles
l the code number l the points of congestion l rush hours
l any bridges along the route

a) Activity 4.17 (Pair Work)

Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.4 - Transferring Information)
Kataragama
Kataragama is a very popular pilgrimage site in Sri Lanka.
People of all walks of life throng to Kataragama to pay
homage to God Kataragama. The festival in August draws
thousands of pilgrims to witness the ritual performances of
the devotees. Some dance with skewers thrust through their tongues and cheeks.
Others tow heavy carts or suspend weights from hooks piercing their skin. The
grand finale is the fire walking ceremony. The devotees walk barefoot on beds of
red - hot embers.
Read the text ‘Kataragama’ and complete the grid in your writing book.
Kataragama
Devotees Reason Season Activities Grand ceremony

For free distribution 12

b) Vocabulary
(C / L 4.5 - Uses contextual clues to derive the meanings of words)
Match A with B
A B
l ritual performances - the closing session of a performance
l skewers - pull along
l tow - without footwear
l finale - a series of religious actions
l barefoot - metal spikes
Activity 4.18 (Group Work)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 7.2 - Writes descriptions of things, places and people)
(C / L 7.9 Produces imaginative and interesting creative writing)

a) Write a short account on Pinnawala, the elephant orphanage using the

given information in your writing book.
The Pinnawala - Elephant Orphanage
location - Kegalle District
purpose of establishing this place - to safeguard and care for the abandoned and
orphaned wild elephants.
bath time - between 10 a. m. to 12 noon
meal time - 2 p. m. to 4 p.m.
best time to visit - meal time and bath time
b) Design a brochure on the Pinnawala elephant orphanage and display it
on the wall paper.

13 For free distribution

Activity 4.19 (Pair Work)
Reading
(C / L 4.5 - Uses contextual / visual clues to derive the meaning of words)
Copy the grid onto your writing book. Match the following pictures with the
correct descriptions. Then select a suitable caption for each.
Picture Description Caption

captions
Navigation Radar Maps Sonar

1. A drawing or plan of the earth’s 2. The science of finding the

surface or part of it showing way. It is used mainly to guide
countries / towns / rivers etc. ships air crafts and space
crafts.
3. A system that uses radio waves
to find the position and move- 4. A device or a system for find-
ment of planes and ships, when ing objects under water using
they cannot be seen. sound waves.
(C)
(A)

(B)
(D)

For free distribution 14

Speaking
Role Play the dialogue.
Pleasure in Travelling
Mr. Silva and his family had to attend an alms giving at a relative’s in
Kadugannawa. They decided to travel by bus. As they reached Kadugannawa,
Ruwan got excited.
Ruwan : Father, are we passing Kadugannawa now?
Father : Yes, how do you know?
Ruwan : I can see a tunnel over there. I have seen a picture of it.
Father : This rock had been hol-
lowed for the vehicles to
pass. There was a belief
that when you enter
Kandy through a rock,
you would not be
captured. So the British
constructed it, they say.
Olu : Did the British hollow
out the rock, and build
this road?
Father : Yes, a British engineer named Dawson built it.
Nelum : Why did they build roads in our country?
Father : The roads were built for their own benefit. At first for military purposes,
later for trade and commerce and administration. But the roads have been
useful to us as well.
Olu : Father, there’s a peculiar shaped rock on top of the hill among the moun-
tains. Do you know any thing about it?
Father : It’s Batalegala known as the “Bible Rock”
Nelum : It has a strange shape.
Father : Yes, that’s why it is called “Bible Rock.” We can climb it one day.

15 For free distribution

Activity 4.20 (Group Work)
Speaking
(C / L 7.2 Writes descriptions of things, places and people)
- Select one of the topics given below and then discuss what you know about
it in your group.
- Present your findings to the class.
l Tunnel at Kadugannawa l Dawson Tower
l The Bible Rock
Activity 4.21
Writing
(C / L 7.9 - Produces imaginative and interesting creative writing
Travelling is enjoyable, but travellers face many difficulties while travelling. High-
wayman is one such threat for travellers. Sardiel and Robinhood were famous
highwaymen.
Learn the story of Sardiel or Robinhood and write it in your writing book.
eg.
Sardiel
Begin this way:
Sardiel was a famous highwayman. He disliked the British rulers. He did in
.......................... .
(people, travelled, Uthuwankanda, passed, distributed, robbed, wealthy)
Continue using the words given within the bracket.
Activity 4.22 (Vocabulary)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 2.1 Writes capital and simple letters properly)

Match the abbreviations with what they stand for. Write in your writing book.
A B
1. RADAR (a) Sri Lanka Government Railway
2. SONAR (b) Station Master
3. SLTB (c) Radio Detection And Ranging
4. SLGR (d) Sri Lanka Transport Board
5. SM (e) Sound Navigation And Ranging

For free distribution 16

Activity 4. 23 (Pair Work)
a) Reading / Writing
(C / L 2.5 Uses exclamation mark appropriately)
(C / L 5.5 Extracts the general idea of a text)
Role - Play the dialogue
Ruwan and Vishwa are holidaying in the
Maldives and they are staying at a hotel
in Male.
Ruwan : It’s a beautiful evening. Why don’t we go out?
Vishwa : Yes, let’s enjoy walking around.
Ruwan : Let’s go down to the pier. We can watch the big ships dock
in. I love to sail in a ship.
Vishwa : I’d rather fly. It’s the quickest and most comfortable way of travel-
ling.
Ruwan : Travelling ship is leisurely and interesting.
Vishwa : That may be so, but a trip in a jet plane is exciting and you have
more time for sight seeing after you arrive.
Ruwan : It’s difficult to make a decision.
Vishwa : Look! a jet plane is landing over there.
Ruwan : Oh! It’s coming down very fast! It will crash.
Vishwa : No, it won’t crash. Watch how carefully the pilot brings the plane
down. Travelling in a jet’s quite safe.
b) Read the above dialogue and compare / contrast, flying and sailing by
ship and find out the advantages of each.
Activity 4. 24 (Pair Work)
Reading / Writing
(C / L 7.9 Produces imaginative and interesting creative writing)
Read the following text and write a passage on one of your experiences while
travelling by train / bus.
A Wonderful Experience
We were at the Fort station on time to catch the 7.00 a. m. train. After buying
tickets we hurried towards platform number 05 where the train was. We found seats
in a carriage of the waiting train. We put our luggage in and settled down for the
journey.
The guard blew the whistle and waved the green flag. The engine slowly began
to move and we glided out of the station.
We were looking out of the carriage windows. We passed green fields, beauti-
ful forests, hills and valleys, rivers, mountains, waterfalls and tea estates. Oh, what a
beautiful scenery! Everything looked very bright and pleasant in the sunshine.

17 For free distribution

 “F F F, Sh Sh Sh, Choff Choff Choff” rocking us
rhythmically to and fro and from side to side the
train took us through tunnels and valleys. Finally we
reached Badulla, which is one of the noisiest
stations. The platform was crowded with people
talking, laughing and shouting. It was a nice
experience that cannot be forgotten.
a) Activity 4.25 (Vocabulary)
Reading / Writing
(C /L 4.5 - Uses contextual visual clues to derive the mean-
ings of words)
Read the “description” and find out single words
from the text. Write in your writing book.

Word Descriptions
1. C .......................... a) a separate section of a train for carrying passengers
2. L .......................... b) a bag, or a case that contains somebody’s clothes
and other belongings used when travelling
3. G .......................... c) move smoothly and quietly
4. S .......................... d) to get into a comfortable position either sitting or lying
5. V .......................... e) an area of lowland between hills or mountains.

b) Activity 4.25 (Vocabulary)

Reading / Writing
(C / L 4.5 - Uses English words accurately and appropriately)
Read the text ‘A Wonderful Experience’ and fill in the blanks with suitable
words (verbs).
1. We ................................. at the Fort Station.
2. Father ................................. tickets.
3. We ................................. towards platform number 5.
4. We ................................. seats in a carriage.
5. We ................................. our luggage in.
6. We ................................. for the journey.
7. The guard ................................. his whistle.
8. He ................................. his green flag.
9. The engine ................................. to move.
10. We ................................. out of the station.

For free distribution 18

 Using active and passive verbs
Activity 4.26
(C / L 6.8 Identifies passive sentences)
Find examples of active and passive sentences in the Pupil’s book.

The passive voice is formed with the suitable tense of the verb ‘be’ followed
by the Past Participle. Study this table.

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

1. Simple present give am given
gives is given
are given
2. Present continuous am giving am being given
is giving is being given
are giving are being given
3. Present Perfect has given has been given
have given have been given
4. Simple Past gave was given
were given
5. Past Continuous was giving was being given
were giving were being given
6. Past Perfect had given had been given
7. Simple Future will give will be given
shall give shall be given
8. Modal Forms can give can be given
may give may be given
must give etc. must be given

eg: My baby brother tore my book. (Active Voice)

My book was torn by my baby brother. (Passive Voice)

Rahal is driving the car. (Active Voice)

The car is being driven by Rahal (Passive Voice)

19 For free distribution

Activity 4.27 Reading / Writing
(C / L 6.9 - Constructs passive sentences)
Re-write these sentences in the Passive Voice
1. Columbus discovered America.
2. I have sold my bicycle.
3. The children make kites during their school vacation.
4. Somebody has put out the light.
5. George Stephenson invented the steam engine.
Activity 4.28
Reading / Writing
(C / L 6.2 - Analyses the grammatical relations within a sentence
Re-write these sentence in the Active Voice.
1. Thuparamaya was built by King Dutugemunu.
2. The building was destroyed by the fire.
3. You are provided with both food and accomodation by the institute.
4. The letter has been posted by Induwara.
5. The exhibition was opened by the President.
v v v v v v v v
Ditransitive Verbs
Study the following sentence.
A visa gives a visitor permission to enter a country.
"visitor" and "permission" are objects of the verb "give".
"Permission" is the direct object and "Visitor" is the indirect object.
An Indirect object denotes the person to whom or for whom something is given or
done. A direct object usually denotes a thing. It is probably more usual for passive
constructions to begin with the person.
When a verb takes two objects as shown above, it is called a ditransitive
verb. An active voice sentence with a ditransitive verb can have two passive
forms.
eg: 1. A visitor is given permission to enter a country by a visa.
2. Permission to enter a country is given to a visitor by a visa.
Activity 4.29
(C / L 6.2 - Analyses the grammatical relations within a sentence)
Read the following dialogue and identify the direct object and the indirect object.
Vishwa :- My father bought me two story books.
Ruwan :- What are they?
Vishwa :- "Oliver Twist" and "David Copperfield" I'll give you Oliver Twist
because I have already read it.

For free distribution 20

Activity 4.30
Writing
(C / L 6.9 - Constructs passive sentences)
Write two passive voice sentences for each of the following sentence.
1. Mother presented me with a toy car.
2. You must buy him a platform ticket.
3. The university offered him a doctorate.
4. Ruwan showed Vishwa some photographs of the Maldives.
5. Kamal will give Sitha the novel Madol Duwa.

Activity 4.31
Reading / Writing
(C / L 5.3 - Selects relevant information from a dialogue)

A Dialogue
Role - play the dialogue in your group.
At the counter (Rahal is going to Kandy. He is at the Fort Railway Station.)
Rahal : One ticket to Kandy, please.
Officer : First class or second class?
Rahal : Second class, please. How much is it for a second class ticket to
Kandy?
Officer : It's one hundred and ninety rupees.
Rahal : At what time does Senkadagala Menike leave Colombo?
Officer : At 7.30 a.m. It reaches Kandy by 10.30 a.m. Your train leaves from
platform number 5. You can board at 7.00 a.m.
Rahal : Thank You.
Write a similar dialogue changing the underlined words in your writing book.
On the Platform (Rahal meets a friend on the Platform.)
Rahal : Hello, Lesley, are you also going to Kandy?
Lesley : Yes, I'm waiting for Senkadagala Menike.
Rahal : It looks as if the train is late today.
Lesley : I hear there's a derailment at Rambukkana.
Rahal : In that case all up country trains will get delayed as there is only one
railway line from Rambukkana.
Lesley : Oh! the train is coming. Get your bags ready. It will leave quickly.
Rahal : OK. Be careful..
21 For free distribution
A Dialogue
In the train
Lesley : The compartments are so crowded. Luckily we came on time.
Rahal : I like to sit by the window. I prefer train to bus.
Lesley : So do I. I never get tired of watching out of the train window.
Rahal : Why is the train held up?
Lesley : A cow has been run over
Rahal : Don't crane your neck. There's bridge close by.
Lesley : I feel hungry. Shall we go to the buffet car and have something?
Rahal : Yes, it's a good idea. Let's go.

1. Who are waiting for Senkadagala Menike train?

2. Why is the train late?
3. Why will all the up country trains get delayed?
4. Who likes to sit by the window?
5. Make a list of instructions on what you should not do while travelling by a train.

Activity 4.32 (Vocabulary / Synonyms)

Reading / Writing
(C / L 4.5 - Uses contextual / visual clues to derive the meaning of words)

Read the descriptions in B and find out the single word from the dialogue.

A B
1. b____ l to get in a train, bus, ship or plane.
2. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l a train going off the track.
3. d_ ___ l get late.
4. c__________ l a carriage of a train
5. c____ l to stretch your neck to see something better.
6. r__o___ l to knock a person or an animal down and drive
over their body.
7. b_____c__ l a part of a train where you can buy something
to eat and drink.
8. I____ l to go away from a person or place.

For free distribution 22

Activity 4.33
Speaking
(C / L 8.9 - Gives and asks for information appropriately)
Classify the following utterances mentioned in the text under these 5
headings.
advising suggesting giving opinions enquiring agreeing
(asking for information)

1. It looks as if the train is late today.

2. How much is it for a second class ticket to Kandy?
3. Shall we go to the buffet car and have something?
4. Are you also going to Kandy?
5. First class or second class?
6. In that case, all the up country trains will get delayed.
7. Get your bags ready.
8. Don't crane your neck.
9. At what time does the Senkadagala Menike leave Colombo?
10. Yes. Let's go.
Activity 4.34 (Pair Work)
Speaking / Reading
(C / L 4.5 - Uses contextual / visual clues to derive the meaning of words)
Match the pictures with the correct captions on the next page and copy them
into your writing book.
(1) Idalgasinna station (2) Sign board
Sabaragamuwa

(3) Map of Demodara station (4) Demodara station

23 For free distribution

 (A) This sign board can be seen along the railway line. It tells the engine driver
when and where to blow the whistle.
(B) It is said that one of the Sri Lankan workers had instructed the engineer to lay
the railway line to indicate the shape of turbaned head.
(C) An astonishing creation. The station was built on the slope of the mountain
with a tunnel under that. The train passes the station and runs round the moun-
tain, then goes through the tunnel which is under the station.
(D) This station is at the top of the mountain. When it rains, the rain water on the
roof falls onto two different provinces, Sabaragamuwa and Uva.

Activity 4.35
Reading
(C / L 5.2 - Extracts specific information from a text)

This text tells you about the flying machines used 1000 years before the
Christian era. Read it and write answers for the questions on the next page in
your writing book.

Ramayana was an Indian epic. It was written 1000 years before the Christian era
by Valmiki. Ramayana describes a kind of flying machines called Vimanas.

These machines were navigated at great heights across the skies and at high speed
with the aid of quicksilver and great propulsive wind power. That is the advanced
technical knowledge used even in modern rockets.

It was said that in ancient Sri Lanka, King Ravana has used a flying machine of this
kind. It was made of wood, Sita, the wife of Rama was brought to Sri Lanka in
this machine.

This machine was named the flying peacock or "Dandumonara Yantraya". There
are many legends about the dandumonara.

It is said that this Dandumonara could travel long distances; forward, upward and
downward on a ray causing terrifying thunder. Legend says that king Ravana's
dandumonara landed at Wariyapola.

For free distribution 24

Answer the questions given below
a 1. What is the name of the Indian epic mentioned in the text?
2. Who wrote that Indian epic?
3. Is that ancient technology similar to the technology of modern rockets?
4. What did they use as power?
5. In ancient Sri Lanka who had a flying machine? What was it called?
6. Who was Sita?
b. 7. Why did the ancient Sri Lankans name the flying machine Dandu Monara
Yantraya?
8. Find the legend of Rama, Sita and Ravana from your library or internet.
Work in groups and prepare a booklet using your own words.
Activity 4.36 Vocabulary
Reading / Writing
(C / L 4.5 - Uses co ntextual / visual clues to derive the meaning of words)
Match A with B
A B
1. epic a. mercury
2. quicksilver b. to take somebody away illegally
3. propulsive c. long poem about the acts of heroes
4. abduct d. surprised or shocked
5, stupefied e. the force that drives something forward

Consonant Clusters : in the final position of a word

Test desk field post find
Best risk shield most kind
The underlined parts of these words are consonant clusters.
Each word ends with two consonants together.

Activity 4.37
Speaking / Writing
(C / L 1.3 - Pronounces English words properly)

Pronounce the above words correctly.

List as many words as possible that end with two or more consonants.

25 For free distribution

Activity 4.38 (Pair Work)
(C / L 5.3 - Selects relevant information from a dialogue)

Dialogue
Role - Play the dialogue
A : Are you planning to go(1) anywhere this year?
B : If I have enough money, I'm going to take a trip to Japan.(2)
A : How are you going? Are you going by ship?(3)
B : What's the quickest(4) way to get there?
A : It's faster(5) to go by plane(6) than by ship(3)
B : I'm going by plane(6) I like flying(7)
A : My brother flew to India. It was a one hour flight(8)
B : I haven't bought my ticket yet. I'm planning to buy it next week(9)
A : I hope you will have a good(10) time.

Activity 4.39 (Pair Work)

Reading / Writing
(C / L 4.3 - Uses English words in their proper contexts)

Now prepare a dialogue similar to the above one changing the underlined
words meaningfully.
Role-play your dialogue in the class.

For free distribution 26

Enrichment
Activity 4.40 (Pair Work)
Reading
(C / L 5.4 - Transfers information into other forms)
a) This is an extract from Guillver's Travels by Jonathan Swift. Read and
enjoy it.

Gulliver's Travels
My travels began on
May 4th 1699. I said
"Goodbye!" to my
wife and two children
and set sail from Bris-
tol as the ship's doc-
tor bound for the
South Seas.

All went on well for the first few weeks. Then there was a bad storm and the ship
was wrecked. Six of the crew, of whom I was one, got into a little boat and began to
row to an island nearby. Suddenly a huge wave overturned the boat, and all the other
men were lost. Only I, Lemuel Gulliver, was left.

b) Copy the grid onto your writing book and fill in the grid.

Name of the traveller .................................................

Date of travelling .................................................

Started the voyage from .................................................

The ship was wrecked because .................................................

How many of the crew survived? .................................................

c) Borrow the book "Gulliver's Travels" from your library and read the
rest of ths story.

27 For free distribution