Nursing Licensure Exam - PRACTICE TESTS Situation 1 - Mr.

Ibarra is assigned to the triage area

and while on duty, he assesses the condition of Mrs. Simon whocame in with asthma. She has
difficulty breathing and her respiratory rate is 40 per minute. Mr. Ibarra is asked to inject theclient
epinephrine 0.3mg subcutaneously1. The indication for epinephrine injection for Mrs. Simon is to:a.
Reduce anaphylaxisb. Relieve hypersensitivity to allergenc. Relieve respiratory distress due to
bronchial spasmd. Restore client's cardiac rhythmCORRECT ANSWER: CRATIONALE: Asthma is a
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in reversible bronchoconstrictionand air
hunger in response to triggers from a variety of sources. When exposed to a trigger, the
hyperactivity of the medium-sized bronchi causes the release of leukotrienes, histamine and other
substances from the mast cellsof the lung; these agents intensify the inflammatory process and
cause bronchospasm. When inhaled in smalldoses, epinephrine causes short-term relief from the
symptoms by widening the bronchial tubes allowing air topass through. Once again epinephrine is
not the best cure, but a temporary relief when an asthma inhaler is notpresent.OPTIONS A & D are
incorrectOPTION B: Epinephrine does have a direct effect to relieve hypersensitivity to
allergenSOURCE: Hogan, Mary Ann and Hill, Karen.Prentice Hall.Reviews and Rationales series for
nursing.Pathophysiology.pp.4-5;
http://www.udel.edu/chem/C465/senior/fall00/Performance1/epinephrine.htm.html2. When preparing
the epinephrine injection from an ampule, the nurse initially:a. Taps the ampule at the top to allow
fluid to flow to the base of the ampuleb. Checks expiration date of the medication ampulec.
Removes needle cap of syringe and pulls plunger to expel air d. Breaks the neck of the ampule with
a gauze wrapped around itCORRECT ANSWER: BRATIONALE: In preparing medications in ampule
or any form of medications, always check first the expirationdate and discard outdated medication.
Check the label on the a