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    11 views26 pages

    ABCs of Hand Tools PDF

    Uploaded by

    fflachs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 26
    ABE C201 HAND TOOLS Their Correct Usage and Care (GENERAL, MOTORS CORPORATION DETROTT, MICHIGAN ‘This book was prepared originally in slightly diferent orm for use by the Armed Fores ofthe United States. 1: was supplied in large quantiie to help in the train- ing of mechanics, those men who were charged sith ‘he servicing, maintenance, and repair of that vast supply of mechanized equipment used in modern war- fare, The material was solecied primarily with this in mind. Te une thought that it might be equaly hell to ther people—the civilian mechanic, high school stu dent, or the amateur repair man found in moet house holds. The latter may nat have the same varity of tools to select from, and consequently he may have to break some of the rules set forth in the book, but he will prob- ‘ably learn some things about the tols he does have uahigh he didnot know before Te is not a theoretical wxtbook. It is more of a lecture from a good mechanie with yoars of protical experience in the shop. The illustrations carry much of the sory. It is @ simple exposition of subject hich isnot o8 simple as you may think club, They caught his food, killed his enomias, and built his home. Only his own strength stood be- tween him and death. Thus the ‘man with the strongest hands ‘owned the best tools. Nothing ‘counted but physical strength. But one day’ somebody —and you can be sure it wasn't the strongest man in the tribe—dia- covered that with a stone fast- ened to the end of a stick he could strike a harder blow than hhe could with his fit alone. He could break things including ‘skulls—sith more ease than be- fore. He could do many things which even the strongest. man couldn't do with his bare ands, ‘And 0 that first hammer was the start of something brand new. Te was the start of something INTRODUCTION Tt was the start of the idea that the biggest, strongest man was not necessarily the leader, that he could not always turn out the most work or perform the mast amazing feats, ‘Tools ive every” oneachance, rogardlom of stature, From this beginning in pre-his- toric time, tools have been de- veloped, enlarged, refined, Today. wwe have powerful machines, some ‘of them two storios high, which ‘are controlled by one man but ‘do things that could not be done by hundreds of men without tools. ‘Tools are multipliers of our strength, and are like milions of willing hands, working for our comfort. Without tools there would be no civilization as we know i today. But through all this develop- ment of complicated machine tools, the hand tool has never lost its importance. Te is still necessary in mase production, and ‘even more so in the repair and maintenance field. And what hhome doos not contain at least & hammer and a screwdriver? Vole tums have been written on ma ‘chine tools and only trained men fare entrusted with them. Hand tools are considered 20 simple that usually ‘no one bothers to point out the right and wrong ‘ways of using them and taking Care of them. So in the following pages we hhave picked out some ofthe most common hand tools and will ry to point out how to get the best INTRODUCTION we out of them. We will show Fight and wrong ways to do the job, along with some short cuts ‘and “tricks ofthe trade”. Primi- tice Pete is the unsuspecting vie- tim who shows us the wrong way to-do things and all the troubles ‘which result from it. He means ‘well, but he was born too many years ago and didn't have any- ‘body to tell him’ about these ‘We hope this book will be of help in turning out better work land in saving wear and tear on the tools. Incidentally itmay save ‘some wear and tear on the user of the tool, FL BANS that it fe one of the most mined tools in his ite "The conventional screwdriver with ‘sali tel shank and wood or plas. tic handle is designed to withstand ‘considerable twisting force in. pro- portion to its ie. But it wes nat ‘esiqned tobe ued ava pey or pinch brand ifmoch fore ieappled when ioc used, i wil bend. “Another thing which may happen it the eceweeier i ued for peying SCREWDRIVERS 4a tthe blade may break. The tip of the blade is hardened to keep i from wearing, and the harder iti ‘he easier i wl break if much of & bending eran i spd “There are times when a screw- iver may be ied to advantage for ‘ying, but if you use itt pry make SCREWDRIVERS ome NEVER HAMMER ON THE END OF A ‘once bent it nualy is dificult to fot it perfectly straight again. And ff the shanke & not straight iit hard to keep the bade centered in the aot of the arow. ‘Don't hammer on the end of serowdriver-its not to be tad fn Place of a cold chisel, & punch or a Saft. But her's another contradic tien: Suppoee you had to remove a finty screw and the ot was fall of fst. In such a cae, it would be all "ight to tap gently on the handle of Ue screwdriver, holding it at an angle wo dean thealot Ad ater tho slot asclearaleuicientyyouright Want to tap on the srewdiver with (thamamer to mat it wellinko the slot before trying to loam the sere. Butremember, be cautious and ere ful. Before you do any tapping on the handle, ee that you have screwdriver which hat the. steel ‘Shank oxtonding through tho hand ‘Screwdrivers which do not have the shank extending through the handle Ihave the hundle pinned to the ‘hank, erully through the ferrule smhich in the metal seve on. the Bandle where the shank enters If you attempted to hammer on a ‘crewdelver ofthis type, chances are . ‘ehandle would yplit andthe serew- driver would bo ruined. Mont ofthe better screwdrivers for automotive work are made with Us han ging All the way through the handle so {you can tap on them if the oeasion ‘equires, Some ofthe newer types of ‘screwdrivers with moulded Plastic Ihandies are made to withstand tap ping but other arent ao dont take {ny chanow, ‘Tools etet money and Sometimes they aro hard to gt when, {you ned them, so when you use the BLADB. In siz, they run 255, 3,4, 5,6, 8,10 and 12 inches, and te diameter or thicknea of the ‘hanle and width and thickest of the blade tip which fits the screw ‘lot ae proportonato to the longth ‘ALWAYS SELECT RIGHT SIZE Sextwoniver Oy screwdriver so thatthe thcknoa of the blade makes « good Bt in the screw alot. Thi not only prevents the sere sot from becoming burred ‘and the blade tip from being dam- ‘Reed, but reduces the force required {ehcp the serowdrivr inthe lot. ‘The’ tip of cormctly. ground screwdciver blade should have the Sides of the blade practically paral ToL I costs mare money to grind the Dlade like tia end most manne: turers grind the bade sides ao they fradually taper out to Uhe shane ‘body. Her isa ite trick —drew the the screndriver blade on an emery winol 50 te faces taper in very slightly for « short distance bac of the tp. A serewedever Blade ground inthis manner will stay dos inthe ‘srrew slot even when a sovere Orit ing force i being exerted. A blade which tapers out from tho tip expe Claly if the taper i extreme aa 8 tendency 0 rae out of the alot ‘whencver much twisting is applied, ‘There is one type of heavy-duty screwdriver with » square shank e's designed that way wo you can, ‘use a wrench on i The shank is extra Large—made srong enough to TARE TT—and its the only type of srewdeiver on which you should {sea wrench DON'T USE PLIERS ON’ A SCREWDRIVER, SCREWDRIVERS Im addition to the set of general purpose screwdrivers, there arather ‘PHILLIPS TYPE SCREW. DRIVERS have booome very pop lar in rocont years brcntae of the ‘many Philips hed scwen aed yy ‘utomobieand truck manufactarers, ‘pecially on mouldings and thet ‘im. Tho hands of thea crews have {to alts which erom a the senter ‘Their advantage over stews with standard slots le that the screw driver can't ide nideways cut of the Slot and mar the Sni. However, ‘more downward. preeure curt be ‘exerted on the Philips server to keep it in the cross alt than to cep 2 comectly grownd standard screwdriver ina elandard screw slot, ‘Three alse of Phillipe type screw: rivers 4,6 and inch, wl handle all Philips head screws wed on auto- ‘otive vehicles SCREWDRIVERS aS i— PHILIPS MEAD ScHEW AND Sceewoerven Now and then o mechanic has eed for an OFFSET. SCREW. DRIVER wien there n't suticiont pce to work standard screw- river. The offct serowdriver has fone biade forged. in tine with the ‘dhaak or handle and the other blade ‘nt right angles to the shank. With (uch an arrangement, when the ‘rvinging space for the screwdriver ‘iit, the mechanic can change ‘ends after each swing and thus work the screw in or out of the threaded. hole. ‘Ove mediam and one extra large offic scremriver ahold bein every Ststomotive tool Kt. The extr large ‘ioe ud on drag ink nd te rod fends in automobile and trock stew: Ing mechani “A word of eaution—never use @ serewtriver to chock an elctical ‘Geet where the amperage is high, By that, Imean where the elactreal turrent is strong enough to arc aed toele the serewdriver blade. ‘This ‘lean’ mean that you shouldn't use ‘Ctcrewdriver to dnd which spark Dlg i cating un eine mis Current to the spark plugs is high in voltage but low in aperage and ‘won't damage »verewdrver. "This hae’t anything to do with ‘the se of tots, but we might pat ina word of caution bere on lowly related subject. Don't went ‘ing when working around batterie fr starting motors There have been ‘tome bad arm because of this ‘When a rng comes in contact with {2 avter terminal andthe starter Towing at the same ine, there are rapid and painful rots, If a scendriver blade becomes ‘damaged through misuse or if «cor ter chip of because the bade is too Thar, the serewdciver can be made serviceable again by grinding # 08 fan emery wheel, When grinding = hole forthe handle i the EYE. MACHINIST HAMMERS Ball poon hammer are cased 3c cording to the weight of the head Writhowt the handle. Usually they (weigh 4, 6, and 8 and 12 ounce, and 1.154 and 2 pounds. A'good om: Finetion tohavesna I2eunce, ag. tnd a4 or Gounce, A litle hansner ompes in very handy for Light work, fad expecially whan cutting gaskets fut of sheet stoce. The smal ball MACHINIST HAMMERS amnten HANDLE SHOULD ALWAYS rr Wea ToMTLY Asibutes the forse of the Blow over the entice hammer face and avoid amaging ie edge. “The hammer hand slwayasbould be tight in the head. Newer work with & hammer having Jose head ‘This i dangorous bocauee the head nay fly off nd cause an injury. The fe or ol in Uhe hammer oad ie ‘mado. with a slight taper in both Alirections from the conten. Afr the Ihendle, which is tapered to fit the yey i inert in the head a tect ‘wedge i diver into the end of the Ihendle. This expands it in the eppo- site taper in the eye and thus the Ibandl is wedged in both directions. Ir tho wedge start to come out it should be driven in again to tighten ‘he handle. Ifthe wedge comes oot and is lat, replce it before con- ‘nung £0 use the hammer. If you ‘can't pot another wedge right aay, ‘you ca fe one out ofa poco of at ‘See oF eu one from a portion of the ‘ang of a worn-out la The tng it theend ofthe fe which St into the ‘Never we an ordinary hammer where there ie danger of damaging ‘iter the surface being strock o the fe of the hammer. When you have toa a bammer on a machined sur fice protact that mrfsos with Dice of eft bras, copper, lad or ‘hardwood block RAWHIDE FACED HAMMER ‘Putens are the next tool on our Hist, ‘There are many types. The pliers ‘most commonly ted in automotive Wwork sre the G:inch combination slip joint piers usualy called COM BINATION PLIERS. The slp joint permits the jawe tobe opened wider at tho bingo pin for gripping largo ‘ameter Combination pliers came in the following size: 6,6, 8 and 10 inches. This ie a tear of thelr ‘overall longth. In aaition tothe 8. Inch size yu'l ually find the well ‘equipped mechanic has 5-inch pars for light work, also 10-inch pliers for heavy work. Some combination Dees are made with side cattor Srrangement for cutting wire and otter pin. The letter grades of PLIERS ‘combination pliers are drop forged ‘eel and withstand hard ge ‘Avoid ung piers on «hardened sarface ne this dull the woth nd Pliers LOSE THEIR GRIP. Beginners in this busines some. timer ww lier for lowering oF tightening tute A good mechanic love his respect for any man he ses

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