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There are four groups of syntactic structures in English,the structures are classified int o four on
the basis of its structural meaning. _structure of modification, structure of predication, structure of
complementation, and structure of coordination. To analyze these structures uses symbols :
, => , P , C, . Words that construct a structure is put into the box, and the relation of each word
is marked with the related symbol.
Example : 1. happy => people --------Structure of Modification
This system analysis is named binary system, and the using of box and symbol in this system is named
chinese boxes. The elements/units that build a structure is named immediate constituents.
A. Structure of modification:
Its immediate constituent : Head and Modifier, symbol => points to Head.
e.g.
land => lady
Modifier Head
B. Structure of predication :
Its immediate constituent : Subject and Predicate., symbol ‘P’ always points to Predicate.
e.g.
students P study
advocate C democracy
share C experience
D. Structure of Coordination
The immediate constituents of this structure are equivalent grammatical units, and coordinate
conjunctions such as and, but, or, either…..or, neither…….or functions as the
connector/coordinator.
e.g.
good and bad
Exercises: Analyze the following structures by using binary system (structures of: modification, predication,
complementation, and coordination)
1. very good
2. good enough
3. The boys are playing.
4. Few teachers from this college will retire
5. …..run fast
6. …..are happy
7. …..studying English
8. rain and wind
9. read, write, and publish
10. She likes papaya but she can not eat it.