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ENERGY STAR® Requirements
Background
› Relative vs. absolute photometry
LED photometric testing standards:
› IES LM-79-08
› IES LM-80-08
› IES TM-21-11
› IES LM-82-12
General questions and answers
Relative Photometry:
› Output is relative to an easily-measured
condition
› E.g., bare lamp operated on a reference
ballast, base up at 25°C
› Specific lamp performance doesn’t matter
Absolute photometry:
› Output is measured in calibrated units
under specific operating and environmental
conditions
• Orientation
• Input voltage
• Ambient temperature CFL
› Lamp and system performance matters
Air Temperature
› 25°C ±1°C
› Measured at the same height as the fixture
› Shielded from direct radiation
Thermal Conditions for Mounting SSL Products
› Heat conduction through supporting objects must be negligible
› If sample is provided with a support structure used for thermal
management, then the sample shall be tested with the support structure
attached
Air Movement
› Keep airflow around SSL sample to a minimum
› Should only be natural convection air current from sample operation
10.50 12.6
10.45
12.5
10.40
10.30
Input Power
10.25 12.3
Light Output
10.20
12.2
10.15
10.10
12.1
10.05
10.00 12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (min)
10.45
10.40
1.4% 12.5
10.30 0.9%
Input Power
10.25 12.3
Light Output
10.20 Efficacy by 2.3%
Over next 12 hours
12.2
10.15
10.10
12.1
10.05
10.00 12
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Time (min)
Note:
The light emission process of an
LED is not affected by orientation
Orientation can change the thermal
conditions for the LEDs used in the
product, and so…
The light output may be affected by
orientation of the SSL product
Instrumentation Calibration
Uncertainties (u)
Expanded uncertainty: 2-sigma, 95%
confidence
ac voltage and current u ≤ 0.2%
ac power u ≤ 0.5%
dc voltage and current u ≤ 0.1%
Two options
1. Integrating Sphere
a) with spectroradiometer
b) with photometer head (requires spectral mismatch error
correction – not trivial)
2. Goniophotometer
a) Most use photometer head
b) Spectroradiometer needed for color measurements
IES-LM-79-08
www.npl.co.uk
www.intertek-etlsemko.com
100%
Light Output
70%
50%
0% L70 L50
Time
Capturing the Lighting Edge – August 13, 2012 New York, NY
© 2012 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
29
General Conditions
IES TM-21-11
Scope:
› Provides a recommendation for projecting long
term lumen maintenance of LED light sources
using LM-80-08 lumen maintenance data
Projection method:
› Data: LM-80-08 report
• 6000-hour data with 1000-hour interval
• Less than 1000-hour interval is encouraged
• Data beyond 6000 hours is encouraged
› Sample size:
• 20 units for a multiplication factor of 6
• 10-19 units for a multiplication factor of 5.5
• Not applied for sample size less than 10
units
› Normalization:
• Normalize all collected data to 100% at 0
hour for each DUT
› Average
• Average the normalized measured data of IES‐TM‐21‐11
all samples
• Miller, C., 2011. IES TM‐21‐11 Overview, History and Q&A Session. EPA ENERGY STAR Lamp Round Table, San Diego, CA, Oct. 24, 2011.
• Miller, C., 2011. IES TM‐21‐11 Overview, History and Q&A Session. EPA ENERGY STAR Lamp Round Table, San Diego, CA, Oct. 24, 2011.
• Miller, C., 2011. IES TM‐21‐11 Overview, History and Q&A Session. EPA ENERGY STAR Lamp Round Table, San Diego, CA, Oct. 24, 2011.
• Tuttle, R. et al., 2011. TM‐21 Update: Method for Projecting Lumen Maintenance of LEDs. CORM 2011 Technical Conference. (Miller, 2011)
• Miller, C., 2011. IES TM‐21‐11 Overview, History and Q&A Session. EPA ENERGY STAR Lamp Round Table, San Diego, CA, Oct. 24, 2011.
• Tuttle, R. et al., 2011. TM‐21 Update: Method for Projecting Lumen Maintenance of LEDs. CORM 2011 Technical Conference. (Miller, 2011)
Projection method:
› Curve-fit
(t ) B exp(t )
• t = operating time in hours
• (t) = averaged normalized luminous flux output
at time t
• B = projected initial constant derived by the least
squares curve‐fit
• α = decay rate constant derived by the least
squares curve‐fit
IES‐TM‐21‐11
• When α>0, the exponential curve‐fit decays to zero,
Lp>0 (valid calculation)
• When α<0, the exponential curve‐fit increases, Lp<0
(invalid calculation, “6 times” rule will apply)
IES‐TM‐21‐11
Temperature interpolation
› Interpolate Lp (@Ts,i=70C) between Ts,1 (55C) and
Ts,2 (85C)
55C
70C??
85C
(After Tuttle et al., 2011)
Arrhenius equation to calculate in situ decay rate constant.
Ea A = pre‐exponential factor;
i A exp( ) Ea = activation energy (in eV);
k BTs ,i Ts,i = in‐situ absolute temperature (in K);
kB= Boltzmann’s constant (8.6173x10‐5 eV/K)
• Tuttle, R. et al., 2011. TM‐21 Update: Method for Projecting Lumen Maintenance of LEDs. CORM 2011 Technical Conference.
α1 -
Sample size - Sample size - Sample size - B1 -
Number of failures - Number of failures - Number of failures -
DUT drive current used DUT drive current used DUT drive current used
Ts,2 (⁰C) 85C
-
- - -
in the test (mA) in the test (mA) in the test (mA) Ts,2 (K) -
Test duration (hours) - Test duration (hours) - Test duration (hours) -
Test duration used for Test duration used for Test duration used for α2 -
- - -
projection (hour to hour) projection (hour to hour) projection (hour to hour)
B2 -
55C
Tested case Tested case Tested case
temperature (⁰C)
-
temperature (⁰C) 85C
-
temperature (⁰C)
-
α - α - α -
Ea /kb -
B - B - B -
Calculated L70(Dk) Calculated L70(Dk) Calculated L70(Dk) A -
- - -
(hours) (hours) (hours) B0 -
Reported L70(Dk) Reported L70(Dk) Reported L70(Dk)
- - -
(hours) (hours) (hours) Ts,i (⁰C) 70C
-
(After Tuttle et al., 2011)
www.energystar.gov/TM‐21calculator
Luminaire 0.9
CIE Chromaticity Diagram 1931
Black Body Locus
meaningful for
0.7 Amber Shade
Decorative Glass Shade
0.6
end-users of
y
0.5
decorative 0.4
luminaires
0.3
0.2
0.1
0 WAC Lighting luminaires tested by LRC
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
x
Efficacy
Glass shade Vin (V) Pin (W) Ф (lm) x y CCT (K) CRI
(lm/W)
White 120.1 4.48 165.0 36.8 0.3929 0.3876 3761 73.6
Blue 120.1 4.48 129.9 29.0 0.3468 0.3698 4998 72.0
Amber 120.0 4.48 82.6 18.4 0.4507 0.4129 2851 69.0
Highly decorative 120.1 4.48 34.9 7.8 0.4499 0.3942 2711 78.1
• Alex Baker and Taylor Jantz‐Sell, 2011. ENERGY STAR Luminaires Specification. ENERGY STAR Luminaires Conference Call , March 9, 2011.
• ASSIST, Recommendations for Testing and Evaluating White LED Light Engines and Integrated LED Lamps Used in Decorative Lighting Luminaires, Volume 4, Issue 1, revised April, 2009.
LM-82-12 LM-79-08
Scope • LED light engines • LED luminaires
• Integrated LED lamps • Integrated LED lamps
*UUT stands for unit under test; Tb stands for UUT manufacturer‐specified temperature monitoring point temperature
Thermal environment
› Mounting the UUT to a thermoelectric cooler (TEC)
› Mounting the UUT in a temperature chamber that only
controls the local environment around the UUT
Temperature measurement
› Tb: UUT Tb: UUT Td: driver
› Td: driver
http://m.grainger.com/mobile/details/;jsessionid=A011BDF9B
AE709D7BBC43E004EB6A7FF.prgav06?R=4HGL3
www.cree.com
Heat Sink
Temperature
Driver sensor (Td)
Heater Insulation
ASSIST, Recommendations for Testing and Evaluating White LED Light Engines and Integrated LED Lamps Used in
Decorative Lighting Luminaires, Volume 4, Issue 1, revised April, 2009.
P (W)
Tin‐situ Tin‐situ • Exponential
• Etc.
Troom Troom+25°C Troom+ΔT Troom Troom+25°C Troom+ΔT
CCT (K)
Tin‐situ Tin‐situ Tin‐situ
x