80500 Pentium P5 (A-step)

80501 Pentium P5
80502 Pentium P54C, P54CS
80503 Pentium MMX P55C, Tillamook
80521 Pentium Pro P6
80522 Pentium II Klamath
80523 Pentium II, Celeron, Pentium II Xeon Deschutes, Covington, Drake
80524 Pentium II, Celeron Dixon, Mendocino
80525 Pentium III, Pentium III Xeon Katmai, Tanner
80526 Pentium III, Celeron, Pentium III Xeon Coppermine, Cascades
80528 Pentium 4, Xeon Willamette (Socket 423), Foster
80529 Celeron Timna (canceled)
80530 Pentium III, Celeron Tualatin
80531 Pentium 4, Celeron Willamette (Socket 478)
80532 Pentium 4, Celeron, Xeon Northwood, Prestonia, Gallatin
80533 Pentium III Coppermine (cD0-step)
80535 Pentium M, Celeron M 310-340 Banias
80536 Pentium M, Celeron M 350-390 Dothan
80537 Core 2 Duo T-series, Celeron M 5xx Merom
80538 Core Solo, Celeron M 4xx Yonah
80539 Core Duo, Pentium Dual-Core T-series Yonah
80541 Itanium Merced
80546 Pentium 4, Celeron D, Xeon Prescott (Socket 478), Nocona, Irwindale, Cranford,
Potomac
80547 Pentium 4, Celeron D Prescott (LGA775)
80550 Dual-Core Xeon 71xx Tulsa
80551 Pentium D, Pentium EE, Dual-Core Xeon Smithfield, Paxville DP
80552 Pentium 4, Celeron D Cedar Mill
80553 Pentium D, Pentium EE Presler
80555 Dual-Core Xeon 50xx Dempsey
80556 Dual-Core Xeon 51xx Woodcrest
80557 Core 2 Duo E-series, Dual-Core Xeon 30xx, Pentium Dual-Core E-series Conroe
80560 Dual-Core Xeon 70xx Paxville MP
80562 Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme QX-series, Quad-Core Xeon 32xx Kentsfield
80563 Quad-Core Xeon 53xx Clovertown

AMD
AMD processors
x86 architecture processors
2nd source (1979�91)
(second-sourced x86 processors produced under contract with Intel Amx86 series (1991�95)
Am386 (1991)
Am486 (1993)
Am5x86 (a 486-class �P) (1995)
K5 series (1995)
AMD K5 (SSA5/5k86)
K6 series (1997�2001)
AMD K6 (NX686/Little Foot) (1997)
AMD K6-2 (Chompers/CXT)
AMD K6-2-P (Mobile K6-2)
AMD K6-III (Sharptooth)
AMD K6-III-P
AMD K6-2+
AMD K6-III+
K7 series (1999�2005)
Athlon (Slot A) (Argon,Pluto/Orion,Thunderbird) (1999)
Athlon (Socket A) (Thunderbird) (2000)
Duron (Spitfire,Morgan,Applebred) (2000)
Athlon MP (Palomino,Thoroughbred,Barton,Thorton) (2001)
Mobile Athlon 4 (Corvette/Mobile Palomino) (2001)
Athlon XP (Palomino,Thoroughbred (A/B),Barton,Thorton) (2001)
Mobile Athlon XP (Mobile Palomino) (2002)
Mobile Duron (Camaro/Mobile Morgan) (2002)
Sempron (Thoroughbred,Thorton,Barton) (2004)
Mobile Sempron
K8 series (2003�)
Families: Opteron, Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64, Athlon 64 X2, Turion 64 X2
Opteron (SledgeHammer) (2003)
Athlon 64 FX (SledgeHammer) (2003)
Athlon 64 (ClawHammer/Newcastle) (2003)
Mobile Athlon 64 (Newcastle) (2004)
Athlon XP-M (Dublin) (2004) Note: AMD64 disabled
Sempron (Paris) (2004) Note: AMD64 disabled
Athlon 64 (Winchester) (2004)
Turion 64 (Lancaster) (2005)
Athlon 64 FX (San Diego) (1st half 2005)
Athlon 64 (San Diego/Venice) (1st half 2005)
Sempron (Palermo) (1st half 2005)
Athlon 64 X2 (Manchester) (1st half 2005)
Athlon 64 X2 (Toledo) (1st half 2005)
Athlon 64 FX (Toledo) (2nd half 2005)
Turion 64 X2 (Taylor) (1st half 2006)
Athlon 64 X2 (Windsor) (1st half 2006)
Athlon 64 FX (Windsor) (1st half 2006)
Athlon 64 X2 (Brisbane) (2nd half 2006)
Athlon 64 (Orleans) (2nd half 2006)
Sempron (Manila) (1st half 2006)
Opteron (Santa Rosa)
Opteron (Santa Ana)

Section 2
  SSI (small-scale integration): Up to 100 electronic components per chip
 MSI (medium-scale integration): From 100 to 3,000 electronic components per chip
 LSI (large-scale integration): From 3,000 to 100,000 electronic components per chip
 VLSI (very large-scale integration): From 100,000 to 1,000,000 electronic components
per chip

 ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): More than 1 million electronic components per chip

SSI

The first integrated circuits contained only a few transistors. Called "Small-Scale Integration"
(SSI), they used circuits containing transistors numbering in the tens.

SSI circuits were crucial to early aerospace projects, and vice-versa. Both the Minuteman missile
and Apollo program needed lightweight digital computers for their inertially-guided flight
computers; the Apollo flight computer led and motivated the integrated-circuit technology, while
the Minuteman missile forced it into mass-production.

These programs purchased almost all of the available integrated circuits from 1960 through
1963, and almost alone provided the demand that funded the production improvements to get the
production costs from $1000/circuit (in 1960 dollars) to merely $25/circuit (in 1963 dollars).

MSI

The next step in the development of integrated circuits, taken in the late 1960s, introduced
devices which contained hundreds of transistors on each chip, called "Medium-Scale Integration"
(MSI).

They were attractive economically because while they cost little more to produce than SSI
devices, they allowed more complex systems to be produced using smaller circuit boards, less
assembly work (because of fewer separate components), and a number of other advantages.

LSI

Further development, driven by the same economic factors, led to "Large-Scale Integration"
(LSI) in the mid 1970s, with tens of thousands of transistors per chip.

LSI circuits began to be produced in large quantities around 1970, for computer main memories
and pocket calculators.

VLSI

The final step in the development process, starting in the 1980s and continuing on, was "Very
Large-Scale Integration" (VLSI), with hundreds of thousands of transistors, and beyond (well
past several million in the latest stages). The largest chips are sometimes called "Ultra Large-
Scale Integration" (ULSI).
For the first time it became possible to fabricate a CPU or even an entire microprocessor on a
single integrated circuit. In 1986 the first one megabyte RAM was introduced, which contained
more than one million transistors. Microprocessor chips produced in 1994 contained more than
three million transistors.

This step was largely made possible by the codification ( see: Carver Mead and Lynn Conway)
of "design rules" for the CMOS technology used in VLSI chips, which made production of
working devices much more of a systematic endeavour.