Handbook Ip 20n Basic Training Course t79 PDF

COURSE HANDBOOK
Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration
FibeAir IP-20N Basic Training Course

Updated for SW Version T7.9
Visit our Customer Training Portal at cts.ceragon.com or contact us at training@ceragon.com
Trainee Name: _________________
Copyright 2014 Ceragon Networks Ltd. www.ceragon.com & cts.ceragon.com

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FibeAir IP‐20N Ceragon Training Course
Table of Content
Intro to Radio Systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 005
IP‐20N Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 029
Radio Frequency Units – RFUs ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 059
First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 077
Shelf Management……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 085
ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 089
Radio Link Parameters…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 101
Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….……………………………………. 107
IP‐20N XPIC Configuration……………………………….…………………………………………………………………. 113
Service Model in IP‐20N………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 121
Protection System Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
Multi Carrier ABC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 159
Licensing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 177
Native TDM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187
Configuration Management & Software Download…………………………………………………………… 205
Troubleshooting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219
Header De‐Duplication………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 237
TCC Redundancy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247
Cascading Port Configuration …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 257
Course Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
CERAGON TRAINING PROGRAM – IP‐20N Basic Training Course Sw 7.9

3

4
Introduction to Radio Systems
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Radio Relay Principles
• Parameters affecting propagations:

• Dispersion
• Humidity/gas absorption
• Multipath/ducting
• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
• Rain attenuation
• Modulation
2 Proprietary and Confidential
5
Digital Transmission Systems
Radio Relay Principles
f1
RF Signal
f1’
Path Terrain
• A Radio Link requires two end stations

• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
• Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz
6
High and Low frequency station
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Full duplex
Local site Remote site
High station Low station
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)
Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
Standard frequency plan patterns

Only Low stations can interfere High stations
Frequency reuse:
Low 1,3V High 1,3V Low High
1,3H 1,3H 1,3H
Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx
Reduced risk for overshoot
Frequency shift:
1,3H 1,3V 2,4V 2,4H 1,3H
Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx
Tx Tx in upper part of band

Reduced risk for overshoot Tx Tx in lower part of band
7
Preferred site location structure
Radio Principal Block Diagram
Input
signal
Z' E' A' B' C' D'
Digital Branching
Modulator Transmitter RF Tx Filter Feeder
Line interface Network(*)
TRANSMITTER PATH
D C B A E Z
Branching RF Rx Filter Demodulator Digital
Feeder Receiver
Network(*) Line interface Output
signal
RECEIVER PATH
8
RF Principals
• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves
(EMW) propagated through space
• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -
c where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

Wave Length  waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)
f
• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:
 300 MHz ~ 1 meter
 10 GHz ~ 3 cm
RF Principals
• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude
using this animation
9
Radio Spectrum
Parameters Affecting Propagation
12
10
• Dispersion
• Humidity/gas absorption
• Multipath/ducting
• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
• Rain attenuation
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion

• Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded
because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)
have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:
• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

• High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more
11
Atmospheric Refraction
• Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical

characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant.
• The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &
humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease
with altitude
• Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the
wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend
downwards, following the curve of earth
With Atmosphere
No Atmosphere
Wave in atmosphere
12
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath
• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with different amplitude or phase
• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
Direct beam
Delayed beam
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct

• Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with
vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:
• Remain within the duct
• Follow the curvature of the Earth
• Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not
present
Duct Layer
Duct Layer
Terrain
13
Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and
Rain
• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters
mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)
• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.
• As a raindrop increases in
• size, its shape becomes more
• oblate, with its largest
cross-section facing the
• oncoming airflow.
Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on the
Bottom;
very large ones are shaped
like parachutes
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

• Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice
• Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz
• Signal quality degrades
• Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain
density which represented “mm/hr”
• Rain drops falls as flattened droplet
 V better than H (more immune to rain fading)
14
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading
Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.
Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone
3rd
2nd
1. EMW propagate in beams
1st RX
2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer
TX
3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect
beam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
Duct Layer0
Terrain
15
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone
• Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out
of phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone,
they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…
• Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.
• When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept
free of obstructions.
• In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel
zone should be kept free.
Example: First condition
16
RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
RSSI Curve for RFU-C
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm
17
Main Parabolic Antenna Types
• Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not
normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
• High performance antennas (HP)
• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.
• High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.
• Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using
frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
• Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using
frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
Passive Repeaters
Back-to-back
antennas
Plane
reflector
18
Link Calculation – Basic Example (in vacuum)
Lfs
TSL Ga Lfsl Ga Lw
RSL ‐ Received Signal Level
Lb
TSL – Transmitted Signal Level
Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)
Lf ‐ Filter loss
Lf
Lb ‐ Branching loss
Lw ‐ Waveguide loss
Ga – Antenna gain RSL
RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga‐Lw‐Lb‐Lf
Atmospheric attenuation
Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz
Aa   a  d [dB]
Parameters in a:
 Frequency
 Temperature
 Air pressure
 Water vapour
19
Objective examples
• Typical objectives used in real systems
• 99.999%
• Month: 25.9 sec
• Year: 5 min 12 sec
• 99.995 %
• Month: 2 min 10 sec
• Year: 26 min
• 99.99%
• Month: 260 sec
• Year: 51 min
• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

• ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability
Modulation
32
20
Modulation
Modulation
Analog Digital
Modulation Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying

FM - Frequency modulation FSK – Frequency Shift Keying
PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying
QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation
Digital modulation
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

Modem signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted
Modem
signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .
1800 phase shift
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

Modem binary states ”1” and ”0” with different
spcific frequencies.
F1 F2 F1 F1 F2 F1 F1
21
QAM Modulation
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation
(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number
of modulation states used.
• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)
alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique
modulation states
• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128
QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
4QAM 2bits/symbol 256QAM 8bits/symbol

64QAM 6bits/symbol
128QAM 7bits/symbol
Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

• This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points
in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly
• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are
reduced
• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol
• Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise
22
Constellation diagram
• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be
selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.
Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of
interference and distortion in a signal.
8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110
DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)
Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)

000 1 None
001 2 None
010 1 pi/2 (90°)
011 2 pi/2 (90°)
100 1 pi (180°)
101 2 pi (180°)
110 1 3pi/2 (270°)
111 2 3pi/2 (270°)
How does constellation diagram look?
23
4QAM VS. 16QAM
4QAM 16QAM
2048 QAM
24
Bandwidth vs. Modulation
2-PSK
4-PSK
Modulation Bandwidth
Complixity Decreases
Increases 8-PSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
Signal / Noise
• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER≈0 BER<10-13 BER=10-6 BER=10-3

Signal
Signal
S/N Signal
Power
Power
Power
Power
S/N Signal
S/N S/N
Noise Noise Noise Noise
25
BER Impact on Transmission Quality
10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is
dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -6
10 -7
BER

10 -8
-75 -72 -69 -66
Receiver input level [dBm ]
RSL Vs. Threshold

RSL (dBm) BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
-73 Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6 S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-99 K – Boltzmann constant

T – Temperature in Kelvin
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000) B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
26
Thank you
45
27

28
IP-20N Overview
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• IP-20N Product Highlights
• Network topology with IP-20N
• IP-20N Overview
• 1U and 2U chassis
• TCC – Traffic Control Card
• RMC – Radio Modem Card
• ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Card
• TDM Line cards
• IVM – Inventory Module
• PDC – Power Distribution Card
• Fan Module and Air Filter
• RFU – Radio Frequency Unit
• IP-20N Block Diagram
29
FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011
Ethernet + Optional TDM Ethernet Only
IP-10G IP-10E IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal / Terminal /
Single-Carrier Single-Carrier
IP-10Q
Aggregation
Nodal Nodal
Optimized for “Full GE”

Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Optimized Solution for Any Network

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20N)

Ethernet + Optional TDM Ethernet Only
IP-10G IP-10E IP-10C
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal / Terminal /
Single-Carrier Single-Carrier
IP-20N IP-10Q
Aggregation
Optimized for “Full GE”

Nodal Multi-Carrier pipes
Ultra-high density
Ultra-high density/modularity
Optimized Solution for Any Network

30
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
IP-20G
IP-20N 1RU & 2RU
IP-20E
IP-20S
IP-20C
IP‐20
Platform
IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

Available only for US & NA market
IP-20LH
FibeAir IP-20N Product Overview

Purpose built for Nodal deployments
Unified architecture with
common cards
• Traffic/Control cards (TCC)
1RU chassis, Up to 5 RFUs • Radio interface cards (RMC)
o Non-XPIC
o XPIC
o 1024 QAM
• Line cards (LIC)
o Eth – 4 x 1GE
o TDM – 16 x E1/DS1 LIC
– 1 x STM-1/OC3 LIC
2RU chassis, Up to 10 RFUs - 1 x ch STM-1
Full redundancy option (No SPoF) o LIC-X-E4-Elec./Opt
Ultra-high flexibility/modularity
Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability
31
FibeAir IP-20N – Product Highlights
• Optimized nodal solution
• Multi-Carrier ABC
• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Rich packet processing feature-set
• High Availability node
• Support for multi-operator scenarios
• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency
• High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution
• Best-in-class TDM migration solution using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation)
• Support Ceragon’ s current and future RFUs
• Purpose built for supporting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links scaling to GE
capacity
• Future-proof with maximal investment protection
FibeAir IP-20N – Carrier Ethernet Transport

Main features
• Flexible transport
• Flexible service classification
• Full E-Line, E-LAN support
• Hierarchical QoS
• Superb (hardware based) service level OAM and SLA assurance mechanisms
• MSTP
• Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8031/2)
• Advanced L2-4 security policy (ACL) engine
• Enhanced Multicast (IGMP-snooping)
• ACM 4PSK – 1024 QAM
• LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
• LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
Future proof architecture for supporting

backhaul evolution to emerging services
32
Network Topology Example (Tree)
Network Topology Example (Ring)
33
Network Topology Example (Tree)
C C
C RFU-C 1+0
1+1
C C
IP‐20N C
C
C
2+0
1+1
C
IP‐20N
C
C IP‐20N
1+0 C C
C
1+0
2+0
C
2+0 1+0
IP‐10G C C
IP‐20N
IP‐20G
C C
IP‐20G IP‐10G
Reference Integrated CET solution
C RFU-C
E1s
Eth
IP‐10G E1s E1s
C 1+0 Eth Eth
E1s
C Eth
IP‐20N C 4+0
E1s 1+0 C 2+2 C IP‐20N
Eth C
IP‐10G C C C
IP‐20N E1s
4+0
IP‐20C Eth
1+0
C
Eth C
C 4+0 4+0 IP‐20N C
C C IP‐20G C C IP‐20N
IP‐20G C
1+1 1+1 Microwave C
C
2+2 C Ring 4+0
E1s E1s E1s IP‐20N
Eth C
Eth Eth C
IP‐20N
E1s
Eth
4+0
C
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
10GE Fiber
Edge
Ring
Router
IP‐20N
Edge
Router
34
IP-20N Overview
13
IP-20N – 2RU Chassis

Filter tray 2 x Slots for Fans tray
(optional) power distribution
cards (PDC)
11 12
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
1 2
2 x Slots for 10 x Universal slots for:

Main traffic and - Radio interface cards (RMC)
control cards (TCC) - Ethernet line cards (4 x GE)
- TDM line cards
35
Slots Numbering
3 4 5 6
1 2 51
Slots Numbering starts from bottom left
11 12 50
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
1 2 51
Card types allowed per slot – 1RU
Slot Allowed Card Type Notes

Number
Slot
Number
1 TCC
2  RMC
 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
 TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
 TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

3-6  RMC
 TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
 TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
36
Card types per slot – 2RU
Slot Allowed Card Type Notes

Number
1 TCC
2,12  RMC
 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
 TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
3 - 10  RMC
 TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
 TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
11 TCC
Recommendations
It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
• Slots 3 and 4
• Slots 5 and 6
• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)
The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane
between these slot pairs
For example 2+2 HSB SD configuration with XPIC:
• 1+1 or 2+2 are supported in release 7.9

• When combining HSB SD and XPIC, the HSB SD protection group and the
XPIC group cannot be identical. A valid combination would be:
XPIC Group #1: Slot 3 and 4

Radio Protection Group #1: Slot 3 and 5
37
Traffic – Ethernet Matrix
TCC Slot 11 Slot 12
Slot 7 Slot 8 Slot 9 Slot 10
Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6
SGMII to TCC primary

TCC Slot 1 Slot 2 SGMII to TCC backup
Supported Configurations in T7.9

Configuration Notes
1+0
1+0 IF Combining Requires RMC‐B and 1500HP
2+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
2+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
3+0 Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
4+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
4+0 IF Combining Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
4+0 IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
1+1 HSB Protection
1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity
2+2 HSB Protection Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity
2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity and XPIC
2+2 HSB Protection with IF Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
Combining and XPIC 1500HP
38
TCC – Traffic control card
21
11
Traffic Control Card (TCC)
1
• Main functions:
• TCC-B – doesn’t support Multi-Carrier ABC, HSB support
• TCC-B-MC – required for Multi-Carrier ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support
• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Network processor with 16 ports
• 10 Gbps switching capacity
• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity
• Shelf control and management
• Ethernet traffic management and switching
• Clock unit
Ceragon SD cards with Cera OS:
Industrial SD card 1GB class 6
39
12
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
2
MNG port 1
MNG port 2
CPU
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) Radio Card
Ethernet Switch
16 ports – 10Gbps
Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

Ethernet Card
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
11
TCC Indicators & Connectors
1
1
Activity
LED
SYNC Serial Gigabit
Port Port Electrical Ports
Handle External Management Gigabit Optical Handle

Alarms Ports Ports
Port
40
TCC card – Interfaces pin out
RMC – Radio Modem Card
26
41
12
Radio Modem Cards (RMC) 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
• RMC-A
• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem
• Supports up to 256QAM
• FibeAir IP-10 Series support across a link
• RMC-B
• Based on Ceragon’s new SoC modem
• Supports up to 1024QAM
• Supports XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware)
• Supports Header De-Duplication
RMC A RMC B
XPIC No Yes
Multi‐Carrier ABC No Yes
Modem type PVG modem Mars modem
Modulation 256 QAM + ACM 1024 QAM with Premium
RFU + ACM
FD and SD Yes Yes
IP20 communication with
Yes No
IP10 across a link
Radio Modem Cards (RMC) and RFUs combinations

2
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
Multi – Carrier XPIC & Header Max available communication
Combination communication
ABC De‐ Duplication Modulation with IP‐10 across a
with IP‐20G
radio link
RMC‐A & RFU
No No 256 QAM Yes No
standard
RMC‐A & RFU
No No 256 QAM Yes No
premium
RMC‐B & RFU
Yes Yes 256 QAM No Yes
standard
RMC‐B & RFU‐
Yes Yes 1024 QAM No Yes
premium
RMC-A RMC-B RFU-C/Ce
42
12
Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E) 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
RMC-E is used for IP-20LH with Evolution radio.

This card has Radio Interface and STM-1 RST Interface
12
RMC Indicators & Connectors 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
IF Connector
Handle Handle
ACT LINK RFU

LED LED LED
Color ACT LINK RFU

off No power No power No power
green OK, active mode Link OK no alarms RFU is OK

Minor or warning Minor or warning
yellow OK, standby mode
alarm alarm
Critical or major Critical or major
red failure
alarm alarm
43
ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards
31
Ethernet Line Interface Card 12
Electrical LIC-XE4-Elec 2
• LIC-XE4-Elec
• Supports 4 GBE ports (one combo)
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• MDI/MDIX support
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
44
LIC-XE4-Elec 12
Indicators & Connectors 2
Gigabit Electrical Ports
Handle Handle
ACT SFP SFP

LED Slot LED
Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

Interface is disabled
Cable not connected,
or the interface
off No power Interface is disabled link not ok, interface
operates at
is disabled
100BaseT mode
Interface operates at
the interface is Interface is enabled
1000BaseT mode,
enabled and link is and link is OK,
green OK, no alarms Blinking means
OK (Blinking = traffic blinking means traffic
operates at 10BaseT
activity) activity
mode
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
hardware failure
Ethernet Line Interface Card 12
Optical LIC-XE4-Opt 2
• LIC-XE4-Opt
• Supports 4 GBE ports (firs port is combo)
• Total 4x SFP
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
45
LIC-XE4-Opt 12
Indicators & Connectors 2
Gigabit Optical Ports
Handle Handle
ACT Gigabit SFP

LED Electrical port LED
Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

Interface is disabled
Cable not connected,
or the interface
off No power Interface is disabled link not ok, interface
operates at
is disabled
100BaseT mode
Interface operates at
the interface is Interface is enabled
1000BaseT mode,
enabled and link is and link is OK,
green OK, no alarms Blinking means
OK (Blinking = traffic blinking means traffic
operates at 10BaseT
activity) activity
mode
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
hardware failure
TDM Line cards
36
46
LIC-T16 (16xE1/DS1) 12
7 8 9 10
Line Interface Card 3 4 5
2
6
• TDM-LIC
• 16 E1/T1s
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
12
LIC-T16 (16xE1)- Indicators & Connectors 7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
2
16 x E1/ DS1 Connector
Handle Handle
SYNC Connector ACT LED E1/DS1LED
Color ACT Sync Left LED for Sync Right LED for E1/DS1 LED

port port
The interface is
The interface is The interface is
off No power disabled or no signal is
disabled disabled
being received
Indicates whether a valid Indicates whether the
green OK, no alarms signal is being received interface is configured to No alarms
when enabled export a clock
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
hardware failure
47
LIC-T16 (16xE1) 12
7 8 9 10
Connector and Synchronization Interface 3 4 5 6
2
TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1) 7

3
8
4
9
5
12
10
6
2
• TDM-LIC
• 1 STM-1/OC3
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
• The 1 x ch-STM-1 interface uses an optical SFP connector.
48
TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1) 12
7 8 9 10
Indicators & Connectors 3 4 5
2
6
STM-1/OC3 SFP
Handle Handle
ACT SYNC STM-1/OC3

LED Connector LED
Color ACT Sync Left LED for Sync Right LED for STM1/OC3

port port
The interface is
The interface is The interface is
off No power disabled or no signal is
disabled disabled
being received
Indicates whether a valid Indicates whether the
green OK, no alarms signal is being received interface is configured to No alarms
when enabled export a clock
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
hardware failure
TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST 7
3
8
4
9
5
12
10
6
2
49
Inventory Module (IVM)
43
Mandatory Cards - IVM

• Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.
• 2 x E2PROM on single board (function as 2 separated cards).
• Installed at the back of the chassis
• Holds the chassis:
• License.
• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).
• Serial number.
50
IVM – Inventory Module
The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines the chassis and its slots,
including:
• Module types that can be inserted into the chassis, per slot
• Product and card names
• Internal MAC addresses
• Serial number
• Hardware versions
• Licensed features and capacities
The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains
two EEPROMs. If a redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is
dedicated to a specific TCC
IVM
EEPROM EEPROM
TCC 2 TCC 1
PDC – Power Distribution Card
46
51
Mandatory Cards – PDC
Power Distribution Card
• Monitors the inputs signal
• Drives the -48V signal
• Converts the -48V signal to other power levels
• Different card for 1RU chassis and 2RU chassis
• 2U chassis uses two PDC card for redundancy
• 1U chassis uses dual input for redundancy
Power Distribution Card

• A 2RU IP-20N can use two PDC cards for redundancy. Each PDC provides 48V
power to all modules in the chassis via the backplane, on different lines.
• A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and unstable power from the
two power sources.
• Voltage range: -40,5 VDC to -60 VDC
• The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 3 Amp per link, while the
maximum current rating is 9A for 1RU and 17Amp for 2RU
• The power source must be grounded
• If the voltage goes below -38V, the LED displays Red. When the voltage returns to -
40V or higher, the Red indication goes off and the Green indication reappears.
Standard PDC Interface Dual - Input PDC Interfaces
Proprietary and Confidential

48
52
Power consumption specification
Fans Module & Air Filter
50
53
Mandatory Cards – Fans
• Four fans inside the fans module
• Powered up from -48VDC from the backplane
• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis
Filter Tray - optional
• IP-20N offers a filter as optional

equipment. If a filter tray is not
ordered, the IP-20N chassis is
delivered with a blank filter slot
cover.
54
IP-20N Block diagram
53
IP-20N – Block Diagram
55
Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path
Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path
56
Thank You
57

58
Radio Frequency Units
V1
1
April 2014
Agenda
• Radio Frequency units for IP-20N
• RFU Selection Guide
• RFU-C
• 1500HP / RFU – HP
• Split Mount Configuration and Branching
• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
• Split Mount Configurations
• Green mode
59
Radio Frequency units
• Standard Power
• FibeAir RFU-C
• High Power
• FibeAir 1500HP
• FibeAir RFU-HP
• The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration:

• FibeAir RFU-C (6–42 GHz)
• FibeAir 1500HP RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)
• RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)
• The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration:

• FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)
• The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),
Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector
(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.
FibeAir ® Radio Frequency Units
Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)

6-38 GHz
FibeAir RFU-C
3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK-1024QAM
Very Compact
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-8 GHz
FibeAir RFU-HP -1RX 3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
Low Loss Chaining
QPSK-1024QAM
Reduced Power Consumption Mode (Green Mode)
High Power (Max 33 dbm)

FibeAir 1500-HP/SD 6-11 GHz
3,5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK-1024QAM
Low Loss Chaining
Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)
60
RFU Selection Guide
1500HP/RFU‐HP RFU‐C RFU‐Ce

Character (6 – 11 GHz) (6 – 42 GHz) (6 – 42 GHz)
Split Mount √ √ √
Installation Type
All‐Indoor √  
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √  
Configuration
N+0 ( N>2) √  
SD support √ (IFC, BBS) √ (BBS) √ (BBS)
Adjustable Power
Power Saving Mode √  
Consumption
QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √
Modulation
512 to 1024 QAM √  √
RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels.

IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band.
RFU – C
61
RFU – C 6-42GHz
• Standard RFU – C
• Support up to 256 QAM modulation
• RMC-A or RMC-B
• Premium RFU-Ce
• Support up to 1024 QAM modulation
• RMC-B is required
• Main Features of RFU-C:

• Frequency range – Operates in the frequency range 6 – 42 GHz
• More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhanced
availability, use of smaller antennas
• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM
• Configurable Channel Bandwidth – 3.5 MHz – 56MHz
• Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs
• Supported configurations:
• 1+0 – direct and remote mount
• 2+2 – remote mount
• 4+0 – remote mount
• Efficient and easy
Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations
1+1 direct
62
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0
Configuration
Switch to the circular adaptor

(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
OMT Installation Example
Note: RFUs are at sub 11GHz band

63
1500HP / RFU–HP
11
Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP

• Frequency range:
• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz
• 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz
• RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
• Frequency source – Synthesizer
• Installation type – Split mount – remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)
• Diversity – Optional innovative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), as
well as BBS Space Diversity (all models)
• High transmit power – Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount installations
• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM
• Configurable Channel Bandwidth –
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
• System Configurations – Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1
• XPIC and CCDP – Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization
(CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency
• Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow it
to use less power (for RFU-HP)
• Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) – Up to 20 dB dynamic range
• ATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control)
• RF Channel Selection – Via EMS/NMS
• NEBS – Level 3 NEBS compliance
64
1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
65
RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
HP Comparison Table
Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes
Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz
Up to 30 MHz
Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHz 11 GHz version for Up to 60 MHz
40 MHz
All are compatible with OCBs
Split‐Mount √ √ √
from both generations
All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs
IFC ‐ IF Combining
Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS
BBS ‐ Base Band Switching
Frequency Diversity √ √ √
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √ √ √
N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √
High Power √ √ √
Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √
Power consumption changes
Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √
with TX power
1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.
66
Split Mount Configuration and Branching
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
• Outdoor Circulator Block OCB – The Tx and the Rx path

circulate together to the main OCB port. When chaining
multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx
signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details,
refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs
• Indoor Circulator Block ICB – All the Tx signals are

chained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx
signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). The
ICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna
port.
67
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact
New OCB
20
68
New OCB – Outdoor Circulator Block
The OCB has the following main purposes:

1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.
2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )
3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.
4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.
New OCB Components

• RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB,
and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU
contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without
removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every configuration.
• DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is
connected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.
• Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)
• Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1
Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7
dB
• U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables
fast and easy installation.
69
1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration
N+0/N+1 Configuration
70
2+0 XPIC
Split mount applications
71
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
Split mount applications 4+0 SD
DCB DCB
S-Bend
28 Proprietary and Confidential U-Bend
72
Green Mode
Significant Power Consumption Reduction
• Minimal power consumption required in 99.9% of the time
• Green Mode enables:

• Reduction of consumed power by automatically reducing Tx power
• Quick increase in Tx Power in case of fading.
• No traffic impact
Power Consumption Max. Tx Power Power Consumption

Level (@ 128QAM)
High 31dBm 80W

Mid 27dBm 56W
Low 21dBm 41W
Automatic TX Power control for optimal power
consumption
Green Mode (RFU-HP)

Significant Power Consumption Reduction
31dBm
80W
27dBm
56W
21dBm
41W
73
Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL
The radio operates in fixed and pre-defined

power-consumption states:
Monitored TX Consumed
Power State
Power power [W]
HIGH 31dBm 80 Watt

MEDIUM 27dBm 56 Watt
LOW 21dBm 41 Watt
Transition between power states is hitless and

errorless !
* X<Y<Z
31
Normal ATPC
Set “reference level”  Remote TX changes accordingly
105 dB
150 dB
RX: ‐41dBm
Reference level: ‐40dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters try to

compensate for the losses by increasing
transmission power while maintaining RSL as
close as possible to the Ref. level

32
74
GREEN MODE setting the Green RSL to
-50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
Set “Green Mode” enable margin, as the mechanism will
Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm] increase TX power if
necessary.
10
155
0 dB
dB
RX: ‐52dBm
RX: ‐37dBm
RX: ‐42dBm
RX: ‐47dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters

compare the monitored RSL with the Green
Level (Ref.). As long as RSL> Ref. there is no
need to increase the TSL.

33
GREEN MODE setting the Green RSL to

-50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
Set “Green Mode” enable margin, as the mechanism will
Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm] increase TX power if
necessary.
15 dB
RX: ‐50dBm
RX: ‐52dBm
Green level: -50dBm
When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level,

we must increase the TSL to maintain the
fade margin and avoid low sensitivity

34
75
Thank You
76
First login
Ceragon Training Services

October, 2014 v2
Agenda
• CLI and Web login

• General commands
• Get IP address
• Set IP address
• Set to default
77
Connecting to the Unit
CLI
Baud rate = 115200
Web/Telnet
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Default Username/password is admin/admin
General commands
Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory
Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
Question mark to list helpful commands
78
Get IP address
CLI Command:
“platform management ip show ip-address”
Changing Management IP Address

• CLI Command:
“platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address> subnet <Mask>

gateway <default gateway>”
• Example
• Web
expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set
accordingly and click Apply button
79
Set to default
• CLI Command:
“platform management set-to-default”
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
Other CLI commands

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
• Open Index html file

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
80
Web Management
First Web login
Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24

81
Set to factory default
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
IP address settings
2 – select IPv4 or IPv6
82
Web configuration manual
• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
• Open Index html file

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration
Thank You
83

84
Shelf Management
October 2014
Version 2
Connecting to the Unit

CLI
Baud rate = 115200
Web
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
IP address = 192.168.1.1
85
Chassis Configuration Window
Navigation Tree Configuration Area
Selection Area
Configuring the Chassis (1/2)
86
Configuring the Chassis (2/2)
Questions?
87
Thank You
88
ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation
MSE – Mean Square Error
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Adaptive Coding and Modulation

• Using MSE with ACM
• What is MSE?
• Link Commissioning with MSE
• Triggering ACM with MSE
• ACM Benefits
• ACM and 1+1 HSB
89
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.
• When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust
modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original
setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.
• In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation
state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.
3 3 Proprietary and Confidential
Hitless and Errorless switching
90
Using MSE with ACM
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated

(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being
estimated
MSE measures the average of the squared errors:
MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of randomness or because the

receiver does not account for information that could produce a
more accurate estimated RSL
91
To simplify….
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other
Both devices must perfectly match
Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide
We took a few of parts and measured them to see how

many can fit in….
The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)
Quantity 9 Expected value
3
3
2
1
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many
parts differ from the expected value
9 parts were perfectly OK

92
The difference from Expected value…
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
93
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the “Bell” is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
94
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Let us use QPSK (4QAM)

Q as an example:
01 00 QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
2 possible states for I signal

2 possible states for Q signal
I = 4 possible states for the
combined signal
11 10 The graph shows the expected

values (constellation) of the
received signal (RSL)
The black dots represent the

expected values (constellation)
Q of the received signal (RSL)
01 00
The blue dots represent the
actual RSL
I
As indicated in the previous
example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are – the
harder it becomes for the
11 10 receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
95
Q
01 00 MSE would be the average
e1 errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
e2
I
When MSE is very small the
e4 actual signal is very close to
e3
the expected signal
11 10
Q
01 00 When MSE is too big, the
e1 actual signal (amplitude &
e2 phase) is too far from the
expected signal
I
e4
e3
11 10
96
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE
is small
Actual values may be read

-34dB to -35dB
Bigger values will result in loss

of signal
MSE and ACM
When the errors is too big, we need

a stronger error correction
mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number

of bits per symbol allocated for data
and re-assign the extra bits for
correction instead
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much

better immune for noise
ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation
97
Triggering ACM with MSE
When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required

modulation per radio to maintain service
Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold
0 QPSK -18
1 8PSK -16 -19
2 16QAM -17 -23
3 32QAM -21 -26
4 64QAM -24 -29
5 128QAM -27 -32
6 256QAM -30 -34
7 512QAM -32 -37
8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38
9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41
10 2048QAM -39
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
ACM & MSE: An example…

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with
respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
-41 Downgrade
-38
-37
-34
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profile 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profile 3

2048 QAM 1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM
MSE
-39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21
98
ACM & MSE: An Example
When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM
waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to
switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
‐41 ‐38
Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8
‐39 ‐36 ‐35 MSE
ACM Benefits
• The advantages of IP-20N’s dynamic ACM include:
• Maximized spectrum usage
• Increased capacity over a given bandwidth
• 8 to 10 modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for each
point change)
• Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes, based on signal
quality
• Adaptive Radio Tx Power per modulation for maximal system gain per
working point
• An integrated QoS mechanism that enables intelligent congestion
management to ensure that high priority traffic is not affected during
link fading
99
ACM and 1+1HSB
• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is
essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler
(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondary
channel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizes
system gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:
• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.
Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile
(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
• The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2
configuration:
• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACM
requests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or might
stay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether the
Standby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACM
requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the
remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
Thank You
100
Radio Link Parameters
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• MRMC
• TX & RX Frequencies
• Link ID
• RSL
• MSE
• Current ACM Profile
101
High and Low frequency station
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Full duplex
Local site Remote site
High station Low station
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)
Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
Radio Link Parameters

TSL RSL
IDU ODU )) ) ODU IDU
To Establish a radio link, we need configure following parameters:

1. MRMC – Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)
2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every radio
3. Link ID – must be the same on both ends
4. Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]
5. Unmute Transceiver – Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:

1. RSL – Received Signal Level [dBm] – nominal input level is required
2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]
3. Current ACM profile
102
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles
Modulation RFU‐C with RMC‐A RFU‐C Premium with

RMC‐B
QPSK Profile 0 Profile 0
8QAM Profile 1 Profile 1
256QAM (strong FEC) Profile 6 N/A
256QAM (weak FEC) Profile 7 Profile 6
512QAM N/A Profile 7
1024QAM (Strong FEC) N/A Profile 8
1024QAM (Light FEC) N/A Profile9
MRMC Scripts – 1st step

1
N – normal script
X – XPIC script
Changing script automatically resets dedicated RMC card
103
Radio Parameters settings
2nd step
4th step
5th step
3th step
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process

To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same
frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
104
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
Questions?
105
Radio Link Setup Exercise
Thank You
106
Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC
October 2014
Version 1
Agenda
• Why ATPC?
• How does ATPC works?
• ATPC Vs. MTPC
• ATPC Configuration
107
ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control
The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies

significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,

and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

• Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control

1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level
6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration
TSL Adjustments Monitored RSL
ATPC Radio Radio Radio

module Transceiver Receiver
‐ Ref. RSL
Feedback Signal RSL

Radio
Quality required
Receiver change
Site A
Check
Site B
108
ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
MTPC MTPC
TSL A = 30dBm TSL B = 30dBm

RSL A = ? RSL B = ?
RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC MTPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
TSL A = ? TSL B = 30dBm

RSL A = ? RSL B =?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)
You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?
109
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ? TSL B = ?
RSL A = ? RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL) TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)

RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites), ATPC range
Max TSL is 30dBm

Max TSL is 30dBm
ATPC range is 20dB
ATPC range is 20dB
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -60dBm IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ? TSL B = ?
RSL A = ? RSL B = ?
TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL) TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)

RSL A = -50dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)
RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!
It means that TSL A can’t be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)
110
ATPC Configuration
Thank You
10
111

112
IP- 20N XPIC Configuration
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• System Spectrum Utilization

• ACAP
• ACCP
• CCDP
• Co-channel System
• IP-20N & XPIC
• XPIC Recovery mechanism
• XPIC Settings
113
System Spectrum Utilization
BW
V 1 3 5 7 9
ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)
H
2 4 6 8 10
BW
V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)

H
BW
V 1 2 3 4 5
CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarisation)
H
6 7 8 9 10
CCDP frequency plan
V 1 V 1
H H
2 2
Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency
114
Co-channel Systems
• The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.

• Two channels are using the same frequency but different polarization
• RMC-B and XPIC script is required
• The XPIC mechanism utilizes the received signals from the V and H modems to extract the V and H signals
and cancel the cross polarization interference due to physical signal leakage between V and H polarizations.
• The H+v signal is the combination of the desired signal H (horizontal) and the interfering signal V (in lower
case, to denote that it is the interfering signal). The same happens with the vertical (V) signal reception=
V+h. The XPIC mechanism uses the received signals from both feeds and, manipulates them to produce the
desired data
• IP-20N’s XPIC reaches a BER of 10e-6 at a co-channel sensitivity of 5 dB. The improvement factor in an
XPIC system is defined as the SNR@threshold of 10e-6, with or without the XPIC mechanism.
Conditions for XPIC

• XPIC is enabled by selecting an XPIC script for each carrier.
• In order for XPIC to be operational, all the following conditions must be met:
• The RMCs must be RMC-B
• Communications with the RFU are established in both RMCs.
• RFU type must be the same for both carriers.
• The frequency of both radios should be equal.
• The same script must be loaded in both RMCs.
• The script must support XPIC
• If any of these conditions is not met, an alarm will alert the user. In
addition, events will inform the user which conditions are not met.
115
RSL Vs. Threshold for system without CCDP
RSL (dBm) BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin = 43dB
-73 Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6 S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-99 K – Boltzmann constant

T – Temperature in Kelvin
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000) B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system without XPIC
RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level H
Fading Margin = 17dB

Threshold level because of interference without XPIC
-47 BER=10-6
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
Interference level in H (interference from V,
-65 separation between H & V with very good antenna is
35dB)
-73 Interference
Threshold level without interference BER=10-6
-96
-99
Time (s)
116
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system with XPIC
RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level H
Fading Margin = 38 dB
BER>10-6
Interference level in H (interference from V, when
XPIC is not enabled
XPIC will -65 Threshold level when XPIC is ON
“improve” -68
-73 Original Threshold level without CCDP and XPIC
interference S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) configuration
for extra Interference level in H (interference from V, when
26dB XPIC is enabled
-91
Interference level
Time (s)
Conditions for XPIC

• XPIC is enabled by loading an XPIC
script to the radio in the IDU.
• In order for XPIC to be operational,
all the following conditions must be
met:
• Communications with the RFU are
established in both RMCs:
XPIC XPIC • An RFU must be connected to each
RMC
• The frequency of both radios should
be equal.
XPIC XPIC
• The same script must be loaded in
both RMCs.
• If any of these conditions is not met,

an alarm will alert the user. In
addition, events will inform the user
which conditions are not met.
117
XPIC Recovery Mechanism
• The purpose of the XPIC recovery mechanism is to save the working link while
attempting to recover the faulty polarization.
• The mechanism works as follows:

• The indication that the recovery mechanism has been activated is a loss of
modem preamble lock, which takes place at SNR~10dB.
• The first action taken by the recovery mechanism is to cause the remote
transmitter of the faulty carrier to mute, thus eliminating the disturbing signal and
saving the working link.
• Following this, the mechanism attempts at intervals to recover the failed link. In
order to do so, it takes the following actions:
• The remote transmitter is un-muted for a brief period.
• The recovery mechanism probes the link to find out if it has recovered. If not,
it again mutes the remote transmitter.
• This action is repeated in exponentially larger intervals. This is meant to
quickly bring up both channels in case of a brief channel fade, without
seriously affecting the working link if the problem has been caused by a
hardware failure.
• The number of recovery attempts is user-configurable
Every such recovery attempt will cause a brief traffic hit in the working
link.
Recommendations
It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
• Slots 3 and 4
• Slots 5 and 6
The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane
between these slot pairs
For example 2+2 HSB SD configuration with XPIC:
• 1+1 or 2+2 are supported in release 7.9

• When combining HSB SD and XPIC, the HSB SD protection group and the
XPIC group cannot be identical. A valid combination would be:

118
MRMC selection
X – means XPIC script

N – Normal script
XPIC settings
119
Thank you
15
120
Service Model in IP-20
November 2014
Version 5
Agenda
• IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities
• Service Model in General
• What is a Service ?
• What is a Service point?
• Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes
1. Point to Point Service
2. Multipoint Service
3. Management Service
• Service Point in IP-20 Family
1. Pipe Service Point
2. Service Access Point (SAP)
3. Service Network Point (SNP)
4. Management Service Point (MNG)
• Service Points classification and attributes
• Examples for Services and Service points
• Logical VS. Physical Port
121
IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities
• Up to 1024 services (1025 reserved for Management)
• Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)
• All service types:
• Multipoint (E-LAN)
• Point-to-Point (E-Line)
• Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)
• Smart Pipe
• Management
• 128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning per
service
• Split horizon between service points
• Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and
MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress
• High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
• Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchical
scheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level
IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities

• Hierarchical two-rate three-Color policers
• Port based – Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, Ethertype
• Service-based
• CoS-based
• Up to four link aggregation groups (LAG)
• Hashing based on L2, L3, MPLS, and L4
• Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032) for ring/mesh support
• IP-20 is fully MEF-9 and MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet services.
122
Service model in General
What is a Service?
• A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces
• Bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments

within one logical network
• Interfaces are usually referred to physical ports but can also be logical
ports
123
Service Model
2
Service #1
4 Service #2
Service points
Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the
service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.
Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or
egress interfaces.
Rails are second service point

towards the bridge
The Route is your first service point

towards the bridge
124
What is a service point?
2
SP Service #1 SP
SP SP
4 Service #2
SP SP
Services in IP-20 Family
10
125
IP-20 Services
IP20N supports the following services types:
1. Point-to-Point Service (P2P)

2. Multipoint Service (MP)
3. Management Service (MNG)
4. Point-to-Multipoint Service (E-Tree)
E-Tree services are planned for future release.
Point to Point Service (P2P)

• Point-to-point services are used to provide connectivity between two
interfaces of the network element.
• When traffic ingresses via one side of the service, it is immediately directed
to the other side according to ingress and egress tunneling rules.
• This type of service contains exactly two service points and does not require
MAC address-based learning or forwarding
1 4
PIPE PIPE
SAP SAP
2
126
Multipoint Service (MP)
• Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.
• When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the
service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and
based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.
• If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the
arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service
point.
1 4
SAP SNP
SAP SNP
Management Service (MNG)

• The management service is a multipoint service that connects the two local
management ports, the network element host CPU, and the traffic ports into a single
service. The service behavior is same as the Multipoint service behavior.
• The management service is pre-defined with Service ID 1025.
Management ports TCC
CPU
1
4
2 SAP SNP
1
Traffic ports TCC
Service ID 1025
2
127
Service Attributes
• Service ID - 1 - 1024
• Service Type – P2P, MP, MNG
• Service Admin Mode – Operational, Reserved
• EVC-ID - Ethernet Virtual Connection ID (End-to-end).
• EVC Description
• Maximum Dynamic MAC Address Learning per Service
• Static MAC Address Configuration
• CoS Mode & Default CoS
• xSTP Instance – The spanning tree instance ID (1-63)
• Split Horizon Group - (Enable/Disable)
IP-20 Service Points
16
128
Service points
• SAP
• SNP
• Pipe Service Point
• Management Service Point
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
129
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
Management (MNG) Service Point
Only used for management services
130
Pipe Service Points
Pipe Service Point – Used to create traffic connectivity between two

points in a port-based manner (Smart Pipe). In other words, all the
traffic from one port passes to the other port. Pipe service points are
used in Point-to-Point services
PIPE PIPE PIPE

SAP SAP SAP PIPE
SAP
Service points classification
22
131
Service Point – Interface Types
Interface Type Types of Frames Applies to SP Type

Dot1q A single C‐VLAN is classified into the service All
point
S‐tag A single S‐VLAN is classified into the service SNP and MNG
point
Bundle‐C A set of C‐VLANs is classified into the service SAP
point
Bundle‐S A single S‐VLAN and a set of C‐VLAN are SAP
classified into the service point
All‐to‐One All C‐VLANs, S‐VLANs with TPID diff than the SAP
system one and untagged frames that enter
the interface are classified into the service
point
Q‐in‐Q A single S‐VLAN and C‐VLAN combination is SAP and MNG
classified into the service point
Service
Service Points
132
Service
Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface
Service point Types per Service Type

Service point type
MNG SAP SNP Pipe
Service Type Management Yes No No No
Point-to-Point No Yes Yes Yes
Multipoint No Yes Yes No

MNG SP SAP SP SNP SP Pipe SP
MNG SP Only one MNG SP is Yes Yes Yes
allowed per interface.
SAP SP Yes Yes No No
SNP SP Yes No Yes No
PIPE SP Yes No No Only one Pipe SP is
allowed per interface.
133
Example of dot1q services

• The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based
on one c‐vlan.
• PtP 1 uses same c‐vlan as the classification
at both ends
• PtP 2 uses different c‐vlan as the
classification at both ends.
• PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan
inside the network. The original c‐vlan is
not sent inside the network.
C‐Vlan
SAP3 10 SAP 3
ptp 1
C‐Vlan SAP1
10 SAP 1 C‐Vlan
20 SAP 2 SAP4 120 SAP 4
SAP2
ptp 2
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
134
Example of bundle services
on several c‐vlan’s.
inside the network. The original c‐vlan is
preserved and sent inside the network.
C‐Vlan
SAP3
10,11 SAP 3
ptp 1
C‐Vlan SAP1
10,11 SAP 1 C‐Vlan

20,21 SAP 2 20,21 SAP 4
SAP4
SAP2
ptp 2
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
Example of Q-in-Q services

on a pair of c‐vlan and s‐vlan.
inside the network. The original c‐vlan and
s‐vlan is not sent inside the network.
S‐Vlan C‐Vlan
SAP3
230 10 SAP 3
ptp 1
SAP1
S‐Vlan C‐Vlan
SAP4 340 320 SAP 4

SAP2
S‐Vlan C‐Vlan ptp 2
230 10 SAP 1
240 20 SAP 2
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
135
Service points Attributes
31
Service Point Attributes

As described above, traffic ingresses and egresses the service via service
points. The service point attributes are divided into two types:
• Ingress Attributes – Define how frames are handled upon ingress, e.g.,
policing and MAC address learning.
• Egress Attributes – Define how frames are handled upon egress, e.g.,
preservation of the ingress CoS value upon egress, VLAN swapping.
136
Service Point Attributes
General Ingress Egress
Service Point ID Learning Admin C‐VLAN CoS Preservation

Service Point Name Allow Flooding C‐VLAN Preservation
Service Point Type Allow Broadcast S‐VLAN CoS Preservation
Interface CoS Mode Marking Admin
Interface Type Default CoS Service Bundle ID
C‐VLAN Encapsulation
S‐VLAN Encapsulation
Service Point – General Attributes
General • Service Point ID – number for service point inside

the same service
• Service Point Name – The Name for service point
if is needed
Service Point ID • Service Point Type- SAP, SNP, MNG, PIPE
Service Point Name • Interface - The logical interface on which the
service point is located
Service Point Type
• Interface Type – Dot1q, S-Tag, Bundle-C, Bundle-
Interface S, All-to-One, Q-in-Q
Interface Type • C-Vlan Encapsulation - The C-VLAN classified
C‐VLAN Encapsulation into the service point
S‐VLAN Encapsulation • S-Vlan Encapsulation - The S-VLAN classified
into the service point
137
Service Point – Ingress Attribute
• Learning Admin - Indicates whether MAC
address learning is enabled or disabled
Ingress
• Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming
frames with unknown MAC addresses are
forwarded to other service points via flooding
Learning Admin • Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with
a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed
Allow Flooding to ingress the service via this service point
Allow Broadcast • CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point
CoS Mode handles the CoS of frames that pass through the
service point.
Default CoS
• Default CoS – The service point CoS. If the CoS
Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at
the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned
to frames that ingress the service point.
Service Point – Egress Attribute

• C-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
original C-VLAN CoS value is preserved or
Egress restored for frames egressing from the service
point
• C-Vlan Preservation - Indicates whether the
original C-VLAN ID is preserved or restored for
C‐VLAN CoS Preservation
frames egressing from the service point
C‐VLAN Preservation • S-Vlan CoS Preservation - Indicates whether the
S‐VLAN CoS Preservation original S-VLAN CoS value is preserved or
Marking Admin restored for frames egressing from the service
point
Service Bundle ID
• Marking Admin - Indicates whether re-marking of
the outer VLAN (C-VLAN or S-VLAN) of tagged
frames that pass through the service point is
enabled
• Service Bundle ID - This can be used to assign
one of the available service bundles from the H-
QoS hierarchy queues to the service point
138
Ethernet Service Points – GUI
General
Service Point ID
Service Point Name
Service Point Type
Interface
Interface Type
C‐VLAN Encapsulation
S‐VLAN Encapsulation
Ingress
Learning Admin
Allow Flooding
Allow Broadcast
CoS Mode
Default CoS
Egress
C‐VLAN CoS Preservation
C‐VLAN Preservation
S‐VLAN CoS Preservation
Marking Admin
Service Bundle ID
Logical Vs. Physical Interface
38
139
Logical and physical interface
Service Demo
40
140
The Setup
• IP-20
• IP-20C
Creating the Service
141
Attaching Service Points
142
Questions?
143
Thank You
144
Protection System Configuration
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• What is Protection?
• General Guidelines
• HSB Configuration in general – principals
• BBS Space Diversity
• 1+1 HSB Configuration
• 2+2 HSB ABC Configuration
• 2+2 HSB XPIC Configuration
145
Different types of protections systems
What is Protection?
• A method of using one or more devices in a standby mode in order to
have a secondary link up when failure occurred to the active link
• In order to achieve a full protected link each and every device should
be protected
• The number of multiplied devices depends on the link importance
“The process of keeping (something or someone) safe”

Wikipedia.com
Everybody needs Protection
146
Hot standby in general
1
In case of ch1 failure, will be traffic
Ch1
Main Ch1
Main switched to Protection channel
1′
1
Protection Protection
1’
• HSB system is using same frequency for Main and Standby channel (f1 & f1’)
• HSB system is typically 1+1
• Protection channel is internally muted. Just in case Main channel failure will be Protection channel Unmuted.
• Space diversity with baseband switching is based on HSB system (selection of better input level)
• In Hot Standby mode only one transmitter is active, the other transmitter is standby. Both receivers are active
and hitless switching is performed. The TX- and RX- switching at a terminal normally operates independently,
but they may be configured to operate together.
HSB Protection
• IP-20N offers radio redundancy via the RMCs, which can be configured in 1+1 Hot
Standby (HSB) pairs.
• 1+1 HSB protection provides full protection in the event of RMC or RFU failure.
• Each RMC in a protected pair reports its status to the TCC. The TCC is responsible
for determining when a switchover takes place.
• In a 1+1 HSB configuration:

• The RMCs must have the same configuration.
• The RFUs must be the same type and must have the same configuration.
147
HSB Protection – Revertive mode
• In an HSB protection scheme, the active and standby radios are usually
connected to the antenna with a coupler.
• This causes a -6dB loss on the secondary path on each side of the link,
resulting in a 12dB increase in the total path loss for the link.
• This additional path loss will either reduce the link’s fade margin or increase
the power consumption of the Power Amplifier (PA) in order to compensate
for the additional path loss.
• The system monitors the availability of the primary path at all times.
Whenever the primary path is operational and available, without any alarms,
but the secondary path is active, the system initiates a revertive protection
switch. Every revertive protection switch is recorded as an event in the
event log.
EACH PROTECTION SWITCH CAUSES TRAFFIC DISRUPTION!!!
Switchover Triggers
The following events trigger switchover for 1+1 HSB protection according to
their priority, with the highest priority triggers listed first.
1. Card missing
2. Lockout
3. Force switch
4. Traffic failures
5. Manual switch
148
ACM and 1+1HSB
• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is
essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler
(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondary
channel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizes
system gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:
• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.
Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile
(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
• The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2
configuration:
• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACM
requests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or might
stay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether the
Standby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACM
requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the
remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
General Guidelines
• A Standby RMC is referred to as the “Mate” RMC
• When a switchover occurs, the Active RMC becomes “Standby” and

the “Standby” RMC becomes “Active”
• It is possible for maintenance reason to lock current status
149
1+1HSB Configuration
11
1+1 HSB Configuration
• 1+1 HSB – supported only by TCC-B • Select Member 1

• 1+1 HSB SD – supported only by TCC-B-MC • We support up to 4 Protection Groups
Select Member 2 • Summary

• Submit
150
Copy to Mate
1. Configure first (Main) radio link (MRMC, Freq., Link ID)

2. Select Copy to mate source radio location (In this case 1st link)
HSB Exercise
• Create 1+1 HSB link
• Disconnect one of the RFUs, make sure the link switched
• Reconnect the RFU
• Set manual switching
151
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Configuration
15
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB

1- Cards configuration
• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B is required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
• Add needed cards Platform/Shelf Management/Chassis Configuration/Enable them
HSB 1 HSB 2
P1 P2
1 2
152
2 - MC-ABC pre-configuration
1. Enable CMR via CLI per each slot belongs to ABC group (slot 3,4,7,8)
root> platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
2. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (2+2 HSB), press
Finish – Submit (not next)
3. Edit created group and Enable protection
4. You are not able to add any members because they haven’t been created yet.
!!!

3 - Protection Groups
• Create Protection Group #1 (slot 3 &7) and Protection Group #2 (slot 4 & 8)
1+1 HSB is used only for TCC-B

1+1 HSB SD is used only for TCC-B-MC
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Note: If configuration will failed, please enable CMR for each radio slot in CLI:
root>platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
153
• Configure 1st link – slot 3 (MRMC, freq., Link ID)
• Copy to mate – slot 3 will be source radio, it means that whole configuration (MRMC,
freq., link ID) will be copied to slot 7.
• Configure 2nd link– slot 4 (MRMC, freq., Link ID)
2+2 HSB is now ready!!! (but we need add members for ABC)
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4

5- MC ABC Configuration – Adding members
1. Add Protection Group #1 & Protection Group #2 into ABC

2. Check if Members PG1 & PG2 are enabled
3. Check if in MUX Configuration is Enabled ABC MUX Number 1
4. Check Interface Manager if Multi Carrier ABC Group #1 is UP
5. Chassis Configuration – Change operation status per each ABC slot to Enable
154
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
Configuration
Video link: https://app.box.com/s/r60ek2xse43o94phhgt6
21
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC

• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B is required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
HSB 1 XPIC 2 HSB 2

P1 P2
1 2
XPIC 1
V 1 P1
H
2 P2
155
!!!


Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
156

Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4

5- XPIC Groups configuration
• Create XPIC Group # 1 (slot 3 + slot 4)

• Enable XPIC Group #1 & # 2
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
157
6 – MC ABC Group Configuration – Adding members

Thank You
158
Multi Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control
MC-ABC
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Multi-channel ABC in general
• Multi Carrier ABC engine
• Multi Carrier ABC & ACM
• Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC – Concept
• Multi-Carrier ABC 2+0 Configuration
• Multi-Carrier ABC 8+0 Configuration
• 2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
• Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Configuration
• Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC Configuration

159
Multi-carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC)
• Multi-channel Adaptive Bandwidth Control-ABC is the unique technology for traffic distribution over several
RF carriers.
• The Multi-channel ABC dynamically adjusts the total link capacity depending on the number of channels and
their available capacities to provide the highest throughput at any time.
• The traffic from the Ethernet WAN port is distributed to all available RF channels in a round robin fashion,
independent of packet sizes and flows. This results in a single high-capacity Ethernet link, with a high level of
resilience and efficiency.
• If an RF-channel fails, the overall throughput will drop, but the remaining capacity will be fully utilized. The
QoS scheduler ensures that high priority traffic is transmitted unaffected, while low priority traffic may be
dropped if the link becomes congested. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
Multi Carrier ABC

• Multi Carrier ABC and BBS with SD require RMC-B and TCC-B-MC.
• Multi-Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC) is an innovative technology that
creates logical bundles of multiple radio links and optimizes them for wireless
backhaul applications.
• Multi-Carrier ABC enables separate radio carriers to be shared by a single Ethernet
port.
• This provides an Ethernet link over the radio with multiple capacities, while still
behaving as a single Ethernet interface.
• In Multi-Carrier ABC mode, traffic is divided among the carriers optimally at the radio
frame level without requiring Ethernet link aggregation (LAG).
• Load balancing is performed without regard to the number of MAC addresses or the
number of traffic flows.
• During fading events which cause ACM modulation changes, each carrier fluctuates
independently with hitless switchovers between modulations, increasing capacity
over a given bandwidth and maximizing spectrum utilization.
• The result is 100% utilization of radio resources in which traffic load is balanced
based on instantaneous radio capacity per carrier.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
160
Multi-Carrier ABC Traffic Flow
TCC
Service Engine
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B Eth LIC
Ethernet Interface
Network Processor Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B
Hybrid
Multicarrier ABC PW
TDM
Engine E1 LIC
Srv
TDM Crossconnect
E1 Services
PW
TDM E1/CH-STM-1
E1
Srv
LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
IF RMC-B STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
Multi- Carrier ABC Operation

• The MC-ABC engine divides the data flows into blocks of data. Each
radio carrier is assigned blocks at a rate which is based on the ACM
profile of the carrier. Once the ACM profile of a carrier changes, the
rate at which the data blocks are delivered to this carrier changes. The
higher the ACM profile of a certain carrier, the higher the block rate
assigned to this carrier.
• On the receiving side of the link, all blocks are synchronized, meaning
that blocks are delayed based on the last arriving block. The latency of
the aggregated data flow is determined by the slowest arriving block.
• A low ACM profile means more latency compared to a higher ACM
profile. When all channels run the same radio script, the latency
variation for the aggregated data stream is determined by the latency
variation of one radio channel. This latency variation is slightly more
complicated to predict when the radio carriers runs at different radio
scripts, since each radio script has a unique delay distribution. Multi-
Carrier ABC can tolerate a large delay variance between the slowest
and the fastest arriving blocks.
161
MC-ABC & ACM
• Multi-Carrier ABC automatically adapts to capacity changes that result
from changes in the current ACM profile.
• When an ACM profile change takes place on a specific carrier, MC-
ABC responds by changing the block size of that channel.
• The process of changing the block size is performed dynamically and
is hitless.
• Since the ACM profile changes are also hitless, the overall Multi-
Carrier ABC traffic is hitless.
Multi-Carrier ABC engine
ABC Engine
1Gbps connection for

Clear STM-1 channels Ethernet and TDM
Network
Processor
1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
Ethernet ports Channelized STM-1 or E1/DS1
162
Multi-carrier ABC
In the past: N+1 protection
Protection
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
1. Dedicated carrier for each
STM‐1
2. Unused protection channel for Unused
a single carrier failure channel
ABC engine
3. Excess Ethernet traffic may be
added to SDH carriers
(provided there is excess
STM‐1
bandwidth)
Ethernet
STM‐1 #N
#1
STM‐1
Traffic
#2
4. Multi‐carrier ABC works solely
on Ethernet carriers
L2 switch
Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation  TDM & Ethernet
Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC – Concept

Creating Logical Groups
1. All radio carriers serve as a
single logical pipe
2. SDH traffic is split (byte‐by‐
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
byte) between carriers, 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N
combined with packet traffic
3. No channel is left unused ‐ full
utilization of available
bandwidth
ABC Engine
4. In case of channel failure or
degradation, SDH traffic is
STM‐1
Ethernet
always prioritized over
STM‐1 #N
STM‐1
#1
Traffic
Ethernet traffic.
#2
5. Protects against multiple
carrier failures
6. Flexible choice of modulation
(lower modulation higher
sys. gain)
Network
Processor
163
Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC
Channel failure/degradation
1. System is highly resilient to
carrier failure/degradation
2. All SDH traffic remains in tact
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
as long as: 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N
155
3. Total available capacity for
ABC Engine
Ethernet traffic:
155
STM‐1
Ethernet
STM‐1 #N
STM‐1
#1
Traffic
#2
Network
Processor
2+0 MC-ABC Configuration
Video Link: https://app.box.com/s/d8gg7npc30cv9mrd57kd
12
164
Multi Carrier ABC 2+0
• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
1 2

2 – MC ABC Configuration
1. Create ABC Group 1 consists of slot 3 (channel 1) and slot 4 (channel 2)

2. Check if ABC group has Admin status – Enable
3. Setup MRMC, Freq., Link ID per each radio link
4. Check if ABC MUX Number 1 is enabled
5. Check IF Manager – MC ABC Grop1 is enabled
6. Enable all radio slots in Chassis Configuration
165
8+0 MC-ABC Configuration
Video Link: https://app.box.com/s/qiakfcnv9va8bjbrh2xn
15

5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4
166
1. Create ABC Group 1 consists of slot 3-10

6. Enable all radio slots in Chassis Configuration
2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
18
167
STM-1 only card integration with ABC
• ABC group should allow the following combination of types of cards
1. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-E
2. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-B
3. RMC-E and STM-1
4. RMC-B and STM-1
5. RMC-B only
6. RMC-E only
• Attaching to a group
• Can this be done dynamically (adding STM-1 card to an existing
group)
• Group admin shall not be dependent on STM-1 admin
• STM-1 may be disabled but the group enabled
• Group size
• Up to four STM-1 channels shall be supported per group
• This is unrelated to the number of cards (no validation)
• Interface number is priority as well
• Group max size shall be 4 radios + 4 STM-1 cards (8 members)

• TCC-B-MC,RMC-B and STM-1/OC3 Interface (RMC-E should be used as STM-
1/OC3 interface as well) are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
168
1. Create ABC Group 1 consists of radio slots and STM-1 slots

6. Enable STM-1 interfaces
7. Enable all radio slots in Chassis Configuration and
STM-1 cards as well
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Configuration
22
169
HSB 1 HSB 2
P1 P2
1 2

!!!
170

Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4

Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
171
5- MC ABC Configuration – Adding members

Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC

Configuration
Video link: https://app.box.com/s/r60ek2xse43o94phhgt6
28
172
HSB 1 XPIC 2 HSB 2

P1 P2
1 2
XPIC 1
V 1 P1
H
2 P2

!!!
173

Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4


Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
174
5- XPIC Groups configuration

• Enable XPIC Group #1 & # 2
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4

6 – MC ABC Group Configuration – Adding members

175
Thank You
176
IP-20N Licensing
October 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Licensing in General
• Demo License
• CeraOS License concept
• IP-20 Licensing Scheme
• Licensed Features
177
Licensing
• IP-20N offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which
future capacity growth and additional functionality can be
enabled with Activation key.
• For purposes of licensing, each IP-20N chassis is considered
a distinct device, regardless of which cards are included in the
chassis. Each device contains a single Activation key.
• Licenses are divided into two categories:
• Per Carrier – The license is per carrier
• Per Device – The license is per device, regardless of the
number of carriers supported by the device.
• Ceragon provides a web-based License Management

System (LMS). The LMS enables authorized users to
generate Activation keys, which are generated per IDU serial
number.
• A 1+1 HSB configuration requires the same set of licenses for

both the active and the protected interfaces.
License Management System
178
License generating
License is generated according to chassis SN
Mandatory Cards - IVM

• Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.
• 2 x E2PROM on single board (function as 2 separated cards).
• Installed at the back of the chassis
• Holds the chassis:
• License.
• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).
• Serial number for chassis
179
DEMO License
• A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days.
• The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated,
and the most recent valid license goes into effect.
• The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up.
10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised
indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.
License violation
License violation yellow color screen has been implemented from sw. T7.9
180
IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure)
Hardware, Software & Licensed Features
CeraOS (Software)
Licensed Scalability Licensed Premium Functionality
• Radio capacity • Advanced radio configurations
• 2nd modem/core • Advanced QoS
activation (IP‐20G/C) • Ethernet OAM
• Additional GE user • TDM PW services
interfaces • Synchronization
• Additional CET‐Node • Network Resiliency
services/EVCs (L2) • Advanced Security
Licensed Mode ‐ CET‐Node
• CET services/EVCs (L2)
• 2x GE user interfaces
• Smart‐Pipe services (L1)
• 10M radio capacity Base‐line
• 1x GE user interface functionality
• Native TDM services
Hardware
• Product Models (e.g. IP‐20N, IP‐20G, IP‐20C, IP‐20LH)
• Assembly options (e.g. single/dual modem in IP‐20G)
• Add‐on modules (e.g. RMC in IP‐20N)
IP-20 Licensing Scheme

• Per Carrier • Per Node – Premium Functionality
• Scalability • QoS group
• Radio capacity • Enhanced Packet Buffer
• Advanced radio configurations • Frame Cut Through
• ACM • H-QoS
• XPIC • Sync group
• Multi-Carrier ABC • Sync-Unit
• IEEE-1588 TC
• MIMO
• IEEE-1588 OC
• Header De-duplication
• IEEE-1588 BC
• Redundancy/Resiliency group
• Per Node – scalability • Network Resiliency
• CET-Node mode/scalability • Main Card Redundancy - HA
• Edge (8 services/EVCs) • Ethernet OAM group
• Agg-Lvl-1 (64 services/EVCs) • Eth-OAM FM
• ETH-OAM PM
• Agg-Lvl-2 (1024 services/EVCs)
• TDM group
• General node scalability
• TDM PW
• 2nd
modem activation (IP-20G only)
• Security
• 2nd core activation (IP-20C only)
• Secure management
• GE user interfaces
181
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables you to increase your system’s radio capacity in
gradual steps by upgrading your capacity license.
Without a capacity license, each carrier has a capacity
Radio Capacity License
of 10 Mbps. Licensed capacity is available from 50
Mbps to 500 Mbps. Each RMC card can be licensed for
a different capacity.
Enables the use of Adaptive Coding and Modulation
(ACM) scripts. A separate license is required per core.
IP‐20‐SL‐ACM
Enables Multi‐Carrier ABC.
IP‐20‐SL‐MC‐ABC
Enables the use of Header De‐Duplication, which can
IP‐20‐SL‐Header‐DeDuplication be configured to operate at L2 through L4.
Enables the use of Cross Polarization Interface
IP‐20‐SL‐XPIC Canceller (XPIC). A separate license is required for each
core in the XPIC pair.
Licensed Features
Enables the use of a TCC/LIC Ethernet traffic port in GE
mode (10/100/1000baseT or 1000baseX). An activation
key is required for each Ethernet traffic port that is used
on the device. An activation key can be installed
multiple times with dynamic allocation inside the unit
IP‐20‐SL‐GE‐Port to enable multiple GE ports.
Note: All Ethernet traffic ports are enabled in FE mode
(10/100baseT) by default without requiring any
activation key.
Enables the use of a second TCC in a 2RU chassis for
IP‐20‐SL‐Main‐Card‐Redundancy High Availability.
182
Licensed Features
Enables Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) and a number
of Ethernet services (EVCs), depending on the type of
CET Node license:
• Edge CET Node – Up to 8 EVCs.
• Aggregation Level 1 CET Node – Up to 64 EVCs.
• Aggregation Level 2 CET Node – Up to 1024 EVCs.
Edge CET Node
A CET Node license also enables the following:
• Network resiliency (MSTP/RSTP) for all services.
• Full QoS for all services including basic queue buffer
management (fixed queues buffer size limit, tail‐
drop only) and eight queues per port, no H‐QoS.
• LAG Support
•
Enables the following protocols for improving network
resiliency:
P‐20‐SL‐Network‐Resiliency
• G.8032
• TDM (PW) services 1:1/1+1 path protection
Licensed Features
Enables H‐QoS. This license is required to add service‐
IP‐20‐SL‐H‐QoSH‐QoS bundles with dedicated queues to interfaces. Without
this license, only the default eight queues per port are
supported. (Planned for future release)
Enables configurable (non‐default) queue buffer size
limit for Green and Yellow frames. Also enables WRED.
IP‐20‐SL‐Enh‐Packet‐Buffer
The default queue buffer size limit is 1Mbits for Green
frames and 0.5 Mbits for Yellow frames.
Enables the G.8262 synchronization unit. This license is
required in order to provide end‐to‐end synchronization
IP‐20‐SL‐Sync‐Unit
distribution on the physical layer. This license is also
required to use Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE).
Enables Frame Cut‐Through.
P‐20‐SL‐Frame‐Cut‐Through
Enables TDM pseudowire services on units with TDM
IP‐20‐SL‐TDM‐PW interfaces. Without this activation key, only native TDM
services are supported.
183
Licensed Features
Enables secure management protocols (SSH, HTTPS,
P‐20‐SL‐Secure‐Management
SFTP, SNMPv3, and RADIUS).
Enables Connectivity Fault Management (FM) per
IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐FM
Y.1731/ 802.1ag and 802.3ah (CET mode only).
Enables performance monitoring pursuant to Y.1731
IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐PM
(CET mode only).
License
184
License features available
Thank You
185

186
Native TDM
November 2014
Version 6
Agenda
• Native TDM Services
• Hybrid Service Engine – TDM + Ethernet
• All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire
• How to Setup Native TDM
• TDM Path Protection
• 1:1 TDM Path Protection
• 1+1 TDM Protection
• 1+1 Dual Homing TDM Path Protection
• Configuration of Path Protection
• 2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
• TDM Card and Interface Protection (only for chSTM-1)
187
Native TDM Services
• IP-20N provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) services
with integrated E1 and ch-STM-1 interfaces.
• Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware:
• Native TDM trails
• TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party
packet/PW equipment)
• IP-20N provides native TDM support, utilizing a cross-connect module to

support up to 512 TDM trails.
• The IP-20N Web EMS provides a simple and easy-to-use GUI that enables
users to provision end-to-end TDM trails. The Services Provisioning GUI
includes the following trail-creation end points:
• TDM interface
• Radio interface
Hybrid Services Engine – Ethernet + TDM

Services engine
TDM cross-connect (VCs)

E1 TDM
Ch-STM1
traffic
Hybrid
TDM
PW
Radio
Network processor (EVCs)
Packet
traffic
GE/FE
• Native TDM Services (VCs)

• Ethernet Services (EVCs)
• Ethernet switched (L2) services – E-Line (PtP), E-LAN (MPtMP)
• Ethernet port based (L1) services (“smart pipe”)
• TDM Pseudowire services – Unstructured (SAToP), Structured (CESoP)
188
Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM
TDM cross-connect (VCs)
E1/
Port SAP
ch-STM1
Ethernet Services (EVCs)
User Port PtP Service

(UNI)
TDM
traffic
Hybrid
GE/FE Port SAP
SAP SNP
SAP Packet Radio
traffic
MPtMP Service
User Port SAP SNP Network

(UNI) Port
GE/FE Port Port GE/FE
SAP SNP
All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire
Ethernet Services (EVCs)

TDM PtP Service
PW
E1/DS1/
Port SAP
SAP SNP
SAP
ch-STM1/
OC3
User Port PtP Service

(UNI)
S-VLAN =
200
GE/FE Port SAP SNP Packet Packet
SAP SAP traffic Radio
MPtMP Service
User Port SAP SNP Network

(UNI) Port
GE/FE Port Port GE/FE
SAP SNP
189
How to Setup Native TDM
ETSI and ANSI
• For IP-20N default standard is ETSI

• To change the TDM interfaces to operate according to the ANSI (FCC) standard
(DS1 and OC-3), results in system reset and restores the default configuration.
190
Native TDM Configuration
VC‐1 VC‐2 VC‐3 VC‐4

VC‐9 VC‐10 VC‐11 VC‐12
VC‐13 VC‐14 VC‐15 VC‐n
E1#1-16 (or STM-1 VC)

Loop Timing
TDM
Network
9
TDM Service Configuration 1
As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because
we need specify which type of traffic will be carry by Radio.
Create any service point which is connected to the radio port in

Ethernet/Services …
191
TDM Service Configuration 2
LIC-T155 ACR card
16E1/DS1 card
1
2 OR
3
1 – Select required TDM card

2 – Select required E1or VC
3 – Select Timing
Loop Timing – Timing is taken from incoming traffic.
Recovered Clock – Clock information is recovered on the egress path. Extra information may be located
in an RTP header that can be used to correct frequency offsets. Recovered Clock can provide very
accurate synchronization, but requires low PDV (Packer Delay Variation).
System Reference Clock – Trails are synchronized to the system reference clock.
Front Panel – Trails are synchronized from Front Panel synch. port.
TDM Service Configuration - 3

TCC-B-MC with ABC TCC-B
OR
Select VC for radio slot or VC‐1 VC‐2 VC‐3 VC‐4

Multi Carrier ABC Group
VC‐9 VC‐10 VC‐11 VC‐12
VC‐13 VC‐14 VC‐15 VC‐n
E1#1-1
192
TDM Service Configuration - 4
1 2
TDM Service Configuration
Selection Summary
193
TDM Path Protection
15
TDM Path Protection

• TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network
paths for a single TDM service.
• Two different kinds of path protection are available, each suitable for a
different network topology:
• 1:1 and 1+1 TDM path protection is suitable for ring networks that consist
entirely of IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements with two end-point interfaces for
the TDM trail.
• 1+1 Dual Homing TDM path protection is suitable for networks in which the
IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements are set up as a chain connected to the third
party networks at two different sites.
• The ring is closed on one side by the IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements,
and on the other by third party equipment supporting standard SNCP.
• In this case, there are three end-point interfaces in the IP-20N and/or
IP-20G section of the network.
194
1:1 TDM Path Protection
Active Backup
Path Path
• 1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
• Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
• Bandwidth is utilized only on the active path, freeing up resources on the standby path.
• For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
1+1 TDM Path Protection
Active Backup
Path Path
• 1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
• Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
• Bandwidth is utilized for both paths parallel.
• For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
195
1+1 Dual Homing TDM Path Protection
• 1+1 TDM dual homing path protection is used for networks in which the IP-20 network elements are
set up as a chain connected to third party networks at two different sites, where one end-point is
located on an IP-20 unit and the other end-point is located on third-party equipment supporting
standard SNCP.
• As with 1:1 TDM path protection, the operator defines two separate network paths for a single TDM
trail. However, unlike path protection, traffic flows through both paths simultaneously, thereby
supporting standard SNCP in the third party equipment.
Configuration of Path Protection
20
196
Configuration for 1:1 and 1+1 TDM Path Protection
1:1 or 1+1 TDM Protection
Bypass Bypass
configuration configuration
Trail ID 1 Trail ID 2
Radio Slot 4 E1#1 Radio Slot 5
VC-1 Slot 3 VC-1
1:1 or 1+1 TDM Protection
Configuration 1:1 or 1+1 TDM Path Protection
1 2 3
or
4 5
197
TDM Service
Interface #1 Interface #2 Protection Interface
Configuration for 1+1 Dual homing Edge
1+1 Dual homing 1+1 Dual homing

network edge network edge
Trail ID 1 Trail ID 2
1+1 TDM Protection
198
2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
25
Multi-Carrier ABC Traffic Flow

TCC
Service Engine
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B Eth LIC
Ethernet Interface
Network Processor Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B
Hybrid
Multicarrier ABC PW
TDM
Engine E1 LIC
Srv
TDM Crossconnect
E1 Services
PW
TDM E1/CH-STM-1
E1
Srv
LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
IF RMC-B STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
199
STM-1 only card integration with ABC
• ABC group should allow the following combination of types of cards
1. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-E
2. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-B
3. RMC-E and STM-1
4. RMC-B and STM-1
5. RMC-B only
6. RMC-E only
• Attaching to a group
• Can this be done dynamically (adding STM-1 card to an existing
group)
• Group admin shall not be dependent on STM-1 admin
• STM-1 may be disabled but the group enabled
• Group size
• Up to four STM-1 channels shall be supported per group
• This is unrelated to the number of cards (no validation)
• Interface number is priority as well
• Group max size shall be 4 radios + 4 STM-1 cards (8 members)

• TCC-B-MC,RMC-B and STM-1/OC3 Interface (RMC-E should be used as STM-
1/OC3 interface as well) are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
200
1. Create ABC Group 1 consists of radio slots and STM-1 slots

6. Enable STM-1 interfaces
7. Enable all radio slots in Chassis Configuration and
STM-1 cards as well
TDM Card and Interface Protection

TDM card and interface protection is only applicable for LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1) cards.
30
201
TDM Card and Interface Protection
• Two different schemes are available for card and interface protection:
• 1+1 HSB
• Uni-Directional MSP
• Both schemes provide full protection against hardware failure.

• Both Schemes are available only for LIC-T155 card.
• Uni-Directional MSP also provides full protection against interface failure due
to cable disconnection or failure of the far-end equipment, while 1+1 HSB
provides protection against interface failure due to cable disconnection at the
IP-20N side of the link.
• In both schemes, configuration of the active card is automatically copied to the
standby card. The entire configuration can also be copied and stored for
maintenance purposes
1+1 HSB Protection

• 1+1 HSB protection offers full redundancy for LIC-T155 cards. This form of
redundancy is appropriate for connections with third party equipment at which a
single STM-1 interface is available.
• In a 1+1 HSB configuration, the single port on the third party equipment is connected
to two STM-1 interfaces on the IP-20N through an optical splitter cable. This ensures
that an identical signal is received by each STM-1 interface on the IP-20N. The IP-
20N determines which interface is active, based on traffic loss indications such as
LOS, LOF, or other errors.
• While both interfaces on the IP-20N receive traffic, only the active interface transmits.
The standby interface is automatically muted.
202
Uni-Direction MSP
• In Uni-directional Multiplex Section Protection (MSP), the element at each end of the
STM-1 link transmits traffic through both connections.
• On the receiving side, each IP-20N element unilaterally decides, based on traffic loss
indications such as LOS, LOF, or other errors, from which interface to receive the
traffic, and declares that interface the active interface.
• There is no need for a protocol between the two connected elements.
• Each LIC-T155 is connected directly to separate ports in the third party network
element.
• There is no need for a splitter or Y-cable.
• This ensures protection to the optical ports in the third party equipment and to the
optical fiber cable, as well as to the LIC-T155 in the IP-20N.
Configuration – 1st create group
Up to 4 Groups for STM-1 Cards are available
203
Configuration – 2nd select type of protection
For this configuration change need to be disabled:

1. Trail admin status = Down
2. STM-1 Interfaces Admin Status in Interface Manager = Down
Thank You
204
Configuration Management &
Software Download
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Backup and Restore
• Software Download
• Unit Info file
205
Backup & Restore
Backup and Restore

• Backup and restore can be used for
• Restoring configuration upon unit replacement
• Duplicating configuration
• Three restore points
• Restore point are manually created
• Backup file is generated from a restore pointed
• Once a backup file is imported to a unit it can be restored
206
Backup Process
Backup Configuration File Idea

1. Install FTP server – We recommend to use FileZilla Server (not Client)
2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
3. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
4. Create Configuration Backup inside IP20 unit
5. Export Configuration Backup to FTP server
Export
File
FTP IP address
207
2. FTP Setup – FileZilla Settings
1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it
2. Create User in FileZilla Server
2. FTP Setup – FileZilla Settings

3. Create shared folder in FTP Server PC (C:\ Backups)
4. Setup all permissions for this folder in FTP Server
FTP SERVER PC
FileZilla settings in FTP SERVER PC
5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only with
FileZilla
208
3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings
Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for File transfer
Status for for Backup creation
User name and password

must be same as in FileZilla
Server
FTP Server IP address

Path in Server (This setup means that
!!! file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)
Name.zip (.zip is MANDATORY)
Restore point selection
Time installation for future releases
4. Backup process
6. Check Export status
4. Check Status
1. Setup Configuration parameters

included Restore Point which will be
used for Configuration Backup inside
the system
2. Apply 5. Export 3. Backup
209
5. Backup Files
Here are stored

backup files per each
restore point
Restore Process
210
Restore Configuration File Idea
1. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) – we recommend to use
FileZilla Server (Not Client)
4. Import Configuration Backup from FTP Server
5. Restore Configuration Backup
Import File
FTP IP address
3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings

Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
Status for Backup creation

Server

Path in Server (Means that file will be downloaded
from Home FileZilla directory – in our case
!!! C:\Backups)
Restore point selection
Time installation for future releases
211
Restore process
4. Check Import status
6. Check Restore status
1. Setup Configurations parameters

included Restore point 1-3
2.Apply 3.Import 5 Restore
RESTORE CONFIGURATION WILL NOT CHANGE CURRENT IP ADDRESS !!!

Config_Dump File
212
Software Download for IDU
17
Software Download Idea for IDU

1. Before performing a software upgrade, it is important to verify that the system date
and time are correct.
2. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) – we recommend to use FileZilla
Server (Not Client)
5. UnZip software package for IP-20 to FTP Server shared folder
6. Download software from FTP Server
7. Install downloaded software
Software
Download
• Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current
software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is
performed.
• To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot
213
IP-20 Software Download Settings

Server
Path in FTP Server (This setup

means that configuration files will
be downloaded from Home
FileZilla directory)
Software process download
4. Check Download Status
6. Check Installation Status
1. Setup
Parameters
2. Apply 3. Download 5. Install Downloaded Software

Software Files
from FTP Server
214
Running Software version
Unit Information file
22
215
Unit Info
Status for Unit info creation

Server
Path in Server (This setup means that
!!! file will be uploaded in C:\Backups)

• Includes technical data about the unit and also backup files placed in restore points
• This file can be forwarded to customer support, at their request, to help in analyzing issues
that may occur
Create and Transfer process
4. Check Status
6. Check Export status
1. Setup Configuration
parameters included Restore
Point which will be used for
Configuration Backup inside the
system
2. Apply 3. Create 5. Export
216
RFU Software Installation
25
RFU Software Installation

• Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the
current software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an
installation is performed.
• To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per
slot.
• This enables you to manage IDU and RFU software versions separately.
• In this version, you must use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to
upgrade RFU software.
217
RFU Software Installation Procedure
1. The following sequence of commands installs RFU-C software version 2.13 in the
RFU connected to slot 3.
root> platform software show rfu versions
2. The next step is to perform the update and install commands:

root> platform software update rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
root> platform software install rfu version slot 3 radio-port 1
3. To check the status of an update or install operation, enter the following command:
root> platform software show rfu status
4. Once the installation is complete, the Install Status column should indicate installation
success and the In Progress column should indicate 100 (100%).
5.When the installation is complete, enter the show rfu versions command again to verify
that the new version has been properly installed in both the TCC and the RFU:
root> platform software show rfu versions
Thank You
218
Troubleshooting
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Faults and Alarms
• Performance monitoring
• RMON statistic
• Loopback
219
Faults and Alarms
Faults
Current Alarms
Event Log
220
Alarm Configuration
Performance Monitoring - Radio
221
Radio Parameters
Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold

0 QPSK -18
1 8PSK -16 -19
2 16QAM -17 -23
3 32QAM -21 -26
4 64QAM -24 -29
5 128QAM -27 -32
6 256QAM -30 -34
7 512QAM -32 -37
8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38
9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41
10 2048QAM -39
Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 is planned for future releases
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
Radio Parameters – Defected Blocks
222
MRMC actual status
Signal Level
223
MSE – Mean Square Error
XPI Level for XPIC
224
MRMC
Capacity, Throughput, Utilization, Frame Error State
225
Performance Monitoring – Ethernet Services
ETH PM – RMON
226
Ethernet Port Tx and RX PM Report
PM – RMON – Special Registers
RMON register / Counter Description
Undersize frames received Frames shorter than 64 bytes
Oversize frames received Frames longer than 2000 bytes
Total frames received with a length of more than 2000 bytes,
Jabber frames received
but with an invalid FCS
Total frames received with a length of less than 64
Fragments frames received
bytes, and an invalid FCS
Rx error frames received Total frames received with Phy‐error
Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in
FCS frames received
"Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters
Pause frames received Number of flow‐control pause frames received
227
Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames
Site A Site B
T T T A
Tagged Frames with frame

size > 2000 bytes
When ingress frames exceed the maximum frame size, RMON counter “Oversized frames received”
is updated accordingly
Troubleshooting with RMON: Discarding Example
Site A Site B
T T T A
Ingress traffic does not

comply to Policer rules
Discarding Examples:
Ingress rate > Rate Limiter
Ingress frames do not qualify to Policer rules
228
Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific traffic types
Site A Site B
Rate Limiter
T T
Monitor
Video streams are generally transmitted over UDP
with multicast addresses
To monitor traffic, check out the Multicast Frames
Received register
To limit MC traffic, assign a Policer with a MC CIR
rules
Performance Monitoring – TDM Services
229
TDM – Line Alarms
TDM port PMs Table
230
Loopbacks
RFU RF Loopback
231
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
IF LB
RFU RF Loopback
Use it to verify communication from Line to ODU is OK (including ODU)
• Traffic affecting – RX is stopped

• Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic ( 0 = no time limits)
• RFU LED is RED when Loopback is ON
• LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON
• Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
232
TDM Loopback
29
TDM Loopback
233
Ethernet Loopback – available from T7.9
31
Ethernet port loopback
Ethernet loopback level is available for T7.9!!!
234
Ethernet Loopback
Radio port loopback

is far end loopback
type
Ethernet port
loopback is near end
loopback type
• Select port and click to Loopback button
Ethernet Loopback Setting
• Enable Swapping MAC addresses

• Enable admin status
235
Thank You
236
Header De-Duplication
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Ethernet frame L1 and L2 Headers
• L3 Headers
• L4 Headers
• Header De-Duplication
• Exercise
237
Ethernet frame L1 and L2 Headers
L3 Headers
• Three types of header fields
• Constant
• Not Constant
• Calculated
Constant
Not Constant
Calculated
238
L4 Headers
UDP Header
TCP Header
• Legacy (Layer 2)Header De- Duplication
• Enhanced (Layer 2-4) Header De- Duplication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8dU0J9zDtg
239
Without Multi-Layer Header Compression, IP-20N still removes the IFG and
Preamble fields. This mechanism operates automatically even header
compression is not selected by the user.
Layer 1 Header Suppression
240
Legacy Header De-Duplication
Enhanced Header De-Duplication
241
Supported Headers
• Layer 2 Latency:
• Ethernet IP-20N provides best-in-class latency (RFC-2544) for all
• Ethernet + VLAN channels, making it LTE (Long-Term Evolution) ready:
• Ethernet + Q-in-Q <0.21ms for 28/56MHz channels (1518 byte frames)

• MPLS
<0.4 ms for 14MHz channels (1518 byte frames)
• PBB-TE
• Layer 3 <0.9 ms for 7MHz channels (1518 byte frames)
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Layer 4
• TCP
• UDP
Multi Level Header De-duplications Counters
In order to help operators optimize Multi-Layer (Enhanced) header

compression, IP-20N provides counters when Enhanced Compression is
enabled. These counters include real-time information, such as the number of
currently active flows and the number of flows by specific flow type. This
information can be used by operators to monitor network usage and capacity,
and optimize the Multi-Layer compression settings. By monitoring the
effectiveness of the compression settings, the operator can adjust these
settings to ensure that the network achieves the highest possible effective
throughput.
242
Capacity-Boosting Techniques
+40% Payload De-Duplication
Payload
40% Traffic Optimizer
De-Duplication
• Innovative Bit Stream Indexing technology
LTE/HSPA Optimized Header
Header 10% Compression • Additive to other traffic acceleration
De-Duplication Multi-Layer (L2-4) techniques offered by Ceragon
20% Compression
1Gbps
(2048 QAM)
• Exploits repetitive bit patterns in traffic
• Content, application & protocol agnostic
XPIC
• Does not affect network functionality
Radio
Capacity
• Optimized for aggregation microwave
backhaul where most repetitions occur
without any 520Mbps
(2048 QAM)
optimization
480Mbps
(1024QAM) Repetitive bit‐level patterns
identified & compacted
390Mbps
(256 QAM)
56 MHz De‐compressor Compressor
Working in a Live Network
Traffic optimizer performance in a live network
243
Header De-Duplication Settings
Summary
• Up to 148 B per frame can
be saved
• Header De-Duplication can

increase capacity by up to:
• 50% (256 byte packets)
244
De-Duplication Exercise
Thank You
245

246
TCC Redundancy
November 2014
Version 2
Agenda
• TCC Redundancy diagram
• TCC Redundancy in General
• TCC Redundancy Configuration
247
TCC Redundancy
IF cable
IF cable
Traffic Traffic
Management
Management
TCC Redundancy
• In a High Availability node, the 2RU IP-20N contains two TCCs for TCC
redundancy.
• TCC protection must be enabled in order for TCC redundancy to operate.
• In a High Availability node, the TCCs share chassis configuration and status
information via the chassis’ internal management channels.
• Activation key information, MAC addresses, and serial numbers, are stored
in the Inventory Module (IVM). In a High Availability node, both TCC cards
can access the IVM.
• TCC switchover takes place automatically upon failure of the active TCC.
TCC switchover can also be performed manually by the user.
• In a High Availability node, the GbE traffic interfaces on the TCC are
disabled.
• RMC-A and STM-1/OC-3 RST configurations are not copied from the active
to the standby TCC automatically by the Copy-to-Mate command and
should be aligned manually. Support for those cards is planned for a future
release.
248
TCC redundancy procedure in general
1. Check software version running in main TCC.

2. Upgrade software chassis to software version T7.9 and higher
• (software below T7.7 version is not recommended for direct upgrade to T7.9)
3. Enable Main card Redundancy
4. Install software for Mate TCC (T7.9 and higher)
5. Check slot 1 and 11 for TDM standard (ETSI /ANSI)
• root>platform management show tdm-interfaces-standard
6. Check if both TCCs have identical license features
7. Copy configuration from Main to Mate TCC.
8. Connect Y cable for management
Remember that traffic ports on TCC is not recommended to use when TCC Redundancy is used!!!
Recommendation is to use E-LIC card for Ethernet traffic.
1. Check software version running in chassis and Main TCC
• For TCC Redundancy function is required software version T7.9 and higher
• Upgrade to T7.9 is recommended from T7.7 or T7.7.5 (one version below)
249
2. Upgrade Main TCC to sw. T7.9 and higher
This operation requires chassis cold reset which affects traffic
3. Configure correct TDM standard when is needed - CLI
• For IP-20N default standard is ETSI

• To change the TDM interfaces to operate according to the ANSI (FCC) standard
(DS1 and OC-3), results in system reset and restores the default configuration.
250
4. Enable Main Card Redundancy
5. Check software version running in both TCCs
Mate TCC is not able to see

because Main Card
Redundancy is not enabled
251
6. Install software T7.9 and higher to mate TCC
This operation will not affect traffic, only may cause management los for short time period
7. Check if software was installed correctly
Identical sw. is required
252
8. License installation
• Activation key and license features have to be same on both TCCs

• Activation key is the same one for both TCCs (Main and Standby TCC)
9. Copy to mate
253
10. Connect Y- cable for management
IF cable
IF cable
Traffic Traffic
Management
Management
11. Check alarms
Correct configuration should be without Protection configuration mismatch alarm!!!
254
12. Active & Standby TCC Redundancy status
Thank you
18
255

256
Cascading port
November 2014
Version 1
Agenda
• Hybrid TDM + Eth Concept
• Configuration of Cascading port
257
Hybrid (TDM + Eth) services over IP-20N ‘cascading port’
• Cascading interfaces can be configured on ports 3 and 4 of an Ethernet LIC.

• When operating in cascading mode, these interfaces can handle hybrid
Ethernet and Native TDM traffic, enabling operators to create links among
multiple IP-20 units in a node for multi-directional applications based on hybrid
Ethernet and Native or Pseudowire TDM services
Configuration – 1st Auto negotiation - OFF
Cascading
ports
258
Configuration – 2nd Cascading Port Configuration
Cascading ports
Configuration – 3rd Configure service
Create service point for Cascading Interface –

Management or Pipe service point
259
Configuration – 4th Configure TDM Trail
Configure required TDM Trail by using cascading port
Configuration – 5th Configure Ethernet Service
Configure Ethernet Service where Cascading port will be one Service point with
specific Interface type and C & S-VLAN encapsulation
260
Thank You
261

262
Course Evaluation Form
Dear Customer!
Thank you for taking the time to complete the following course evaluation form. Your
commentary and feedbacks are of great importance to us as we analysis and investigate each
course and report. The information you provide will be used to help us improve the content of
the course and monitor the quality of our training program.
Thank You,
Oren Gerstner,
Training Director
Course details
Location
Course Name / ID
Start Date (d/m/year) End Date (d/m/year)
Instructor Name
Company / Customer
Please rate your satisfaction with the course from 1 to 5 (1 = poor and 5 = excellent):
Did the course meet your expectations? 1 2 3 4 5
Was the course well organized? 1 2 3 4 5
Training facility & Environment 1 2 3 4 5

Was the difficulty of the course in line
1 2 3 4 5
with your expectations?
The instructor was well prepared 1 2 3 4 5

Instructor’s level of knowledge 1 2 3 4 5
Instructor’s presentation skills 1 2 3 4 5
Instructor’s willingness to help 1 2 3 4 5
Audience was treated respectfully 1 2 3 4 5
Language was clear and understood 1 2 3 4 5
Course book 1 2 3 4 5
Level of practical exercises (when relevant) 1 2 3 4 5

Setup and lab functionality (when relevant) 1 2 3 4 5
Usefulness Level of practical exercises (when relevant) 1 2 3 4 5
Overall satisfaction from the training session 1 2 3 4 5
Your comments:
Course Evaluation Form Page 1 of 1

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COURSE HANDBOOK

Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration

FibeAir IP-20N Basic Training Course

Visit our Customer Training Portal at cts.ceragon.com or contact us at training@ceragon.com

Trainee Name: _________________

Copyright 2014 Ceragon Networks Ltd. www.ceragon.com & cts.ceragon.com

• Parameters affecting propagations:

2 Proprietary and Confidential

3 Proprietary and Confidential

Radio Relay Principles

• A Radio Link requires two end stations

4 Proprietary and Confidential

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

5 Proprietary and Confidential

Standard frequency plan patterns

Reduced risk for overshoot

Tx Tx in upper part of band

6 Proprietary and Confidential

7 Proprietary and Confidential

Radio Principal Block Diagram

8 Proprietary and Confidential

c where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

9 Proprietary and Confidential

10 Proprietary and Confidential

11 Proprietary and Confidential

Parameters Affecting Propagation

13 Proprietary and Confidential

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion

• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

14 Proprietary and Confidential

• Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical

16 Proprietary and Confidential

17 Proprietary and Confidential

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct

18 Proprietary and Confidential

Large rain drops become

19 Proprietary and Confidential

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

 V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

20 Proprietary and Confidential

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation

21 Proprietary and Confidential

Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone

22 Proprietary and Confidential

23 Proprietary and Confidential

Example: First condition

24 Proprietary and Confidential

25 Proprietary and Confidential

RSSI Curve for RFU-C

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

26 Proprietary and Confidential

• Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

27 Proprietary and Confidential

28 Proprietary and Confidential

29 Proprietary and Confidential

30 Proprietary and Confidential

• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

31 Proprietary and Confidential