A Proposed Adaptive Reuse of The Old Davao Airport

ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY
AR 410 – RESEARCH METHODS FOR ARCHITECTURE
A PROPOSED INTERDISCIPLINARY ARTS INSTITUTE WITH TECHNO-

PLAZA
THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF THE OLD DAVAO AIRPORT INTO A MIXED USE
ART GALLERY AND TECHNO-PLAZA
CHAPTER 2
SUBMITTER BY:
PRYNCESSE R. SALCEDO
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. THACY MARISHKA HOW
AUGUST 31, 2016

A Proposed Interdisciplinary Arts Institute with Techno-Plaza:
The adaptive reuse of the old Davao Airport into a mixed-use art gallery and techno-plaza
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1 Definition of Terms ………………………………… 4
2.2 Art Institute ………………………………… 5
2.3 Art Therapy ………………………………… 5
2.4 In Search of an Effective ………………………………… 6
Physical Setting for Art
2.5 Existing Project ………………………………… 6
2.5.1 Ocular Inspection ………………………………… 7
2.5.2 Site History ………………………………… 9
2.5.3 Advantages and ………………………………… 9
Disadvantages of Historic
Preservation
2.5.4 Physical Revitalization ………………………………… 10
2.6 Environmental Design:
Preserving Natural ………………………………… 10
Environment
2
SALCEDO, Pryncesse R. | ARCHI 4-C
2.7 Design Elements that Affect ………………………………… 11
Human Performance
2.8 Architectural Environment: ………………………………… 11
Physical Environment
Formation
2.9 Artist’s Notion of Space ………………………………… 17
2.9.1 Artists’ Village ………………………………… 18
2.10 References ………………………………… 20
3
The information gathered in this chapter shall provide studies and guiding
principles to understand the project better. Its intention is to contribute to a study
where architecture is the key element. Psychology, Culture and healing process as
the supporting variable to produce a space responsive for the Art Therapy in
Davao. Connecting and sharing common features in Filipino architecture regarding
space definition and psychological attributes, to the effect of healing emotionally
and mentally. The objective is to be able to transform a space that would contribute
to the innovation of treatment approach and design of spaces. Thus providing
balance and harmony in the environment of stress-free spaces.
2.1 Definition of Terms
Academe College, campus, school

Archives Place to store documents and artworks
Art Representation, illustration, abstraction, imitation,
modeling, description, painting, etc.
Art Therapy Use of art for volunteered or charity work
Artist Master, painter, composer, virtuoso, designer, sculptor,
enthusiast, volunteer, scholar
Culture Folkways, ancestry, inheritance
Gallery A room or building for the display or sale of works of art;
exhibitions, collections
Indigenous Native, original, local, ethnic
PANANAW Philippine contemporary art journal launched in 1996
and publicly released in 1997 as an initiative of artists
and cultural workers.
4
2.2 Art Institute
An Art Institute is a system of art educational organizations that handles

numerous branches of art studies depending on the facility that is provided.
Usually, these schools offer master's degrees, bachelor's degrees, associate
degrees, and certificates in visual, creative, applied, and culinary arts.
Educational accreditation of an Art Institute and their programs vary among

campuses and programs. Like any other academies, an Art Institute could be for-
profit or non-profit. The goal is to establish a regionally-accredited School of the
Art for Region XI and in one area you get to experience the whole of Mindanao or
at least the whole region. The place should be an icon that echoes the Mindanao
Culture.
2.3 Art Therapy
In the medical field, Art Therapy is accredited as a health profession

regarding mental aspects of a human being. Treatments are held by art therapists
who uses art media to manifest creative process. The artwork is studied to analyze
feelings, appease emotional conflicts, raise self-awareness, govern behavior and
addictions, develop social skills, stimulate better reality orientation, decrease
anxiety and increase self-esteem. The main objective of this program is to enhance
or re-establish a client's functioning and his or her sense of personal well-being.
Programs require knowledge of visual art like drawing, painting, sculpture, and
other art forms. This is then guided by professionals of human development,
psychological, and counselling theories and techniques. (AATA, 2013)
Art therapy is practiced in different settings. Along these set of plans, the
proponent would like to incorporate charitable acts inviting volunteers, scholars,
and enthusiasts to share a portion of their talents and skills.
5
2.4 In Search of an Effective Physical Setting for Art
Human behavior, resource management, productivity, and creativity are the

factors as part of the considerations which the proponent is trying to study on to
provide architectural solutions. This study scopes the encouragement of
indigenous people to take part in the social activity to promote local art by having
them teach authentic culture and products.
2.5 Existing Project
The proposed project is being studied to be established at the Francisco

Bangoy International Airport, also called Davao International Airport. The
establishment was abandoned in 2003 which is now turned into a dwelling place
for illegal settlers. It was the main airport serving Davao City in the Philippines and
was the busiest airport on the island of Mindanao. The airport has a single 3,000-
meter precision runway.
This structure has been unutilized since December 2003 after the opening of
the new airport. A bombing incident occurred around March of the same year which
caused the death of twenty-one civilians and the reason for the establishment of
the now endorsed Davao airport.
There have been newspaper articles about the reconstructing of the old Davao
airport into a Mindanao Tourism and Cultural Village Center published around
January of this year. There were about ten different schemes proposed. Some
articles claimed the project to be complete by March of this year. However,
apparently, this project has not been completed yet today. (Perez, 2016)
6
2.5.1 Ocular Inspection
Figure 1 https://www.flickr.com/photos/25576395@N08/5302320810
Figure 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNrCq8u0kK8
7
Figure 3 http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v644/sleepwalker_uno/airport/dia04.jpg
A formal ocular inspection has not yet been held by the proponent.
8
Figure 4 http://67.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lusxzbFsOk1qzeq3qo4_1280.jpg
2.5.2 Site History
The old terminal of Davao International Airport is designed by Leandro Locsin,

a Filipino National Artist. The place used to be crowded with people. It has served
the city for almost 50 years. On March 4, 2003, a bomb explosion occurred just
outside the terminal building, taking away twenty-five lives, injuring hundreds.
On December 4, 2003, all airport operations were transferred to the new and
sizable terminal located at the other side of the airport property.
Today, the old terminal sits silently with illegal settlers.
2.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Historic Preservation
Advantages:
 The renovation in the central area rather than growth at the boundary
can minimize transportation and infrastructural cost.
9
 Categorizing culturally valuable buildings for future uses.

 The exhibition of historical buildings and areas convey a sense of place
and continuity.
Disadvantages:
 It seeks to limit modifications.

 The consideration of too many regulations.
 May lead to inappropriate development of a safer structure.
Historic preservation should not be taken merely as a preservation of the

historic value just for its good looks. It should represent the design model that
can be used ultimately in transforming the remainder of the site.
2.2.4 Physical Revitalization
Architectural Revitalization means taking up the responsibility to bring new

purpose to old and abandoned buildings. This is a challenging and rewarding task.
It incorporates a fundamental pursuit of sustainable design. By reinterpreting
buildings for contemporary uses, we keep alive a vital link with the past and blend
new and old in the fabric of urban life.
Objectives:
• Promote the protection of cultural identity and the preservation of history.
• Uphold a feeling of belonging to a community by considering diversity, in

each village integrating indigenous settlers that are willing to work and stay
for the organization.
2.5 Environmental Design: Preserving Natural Environment
Environmental design is a study that is focused on maintaining our natural

environment. Our culture has a concern for lack of appreciation that many have for
the environment. The general public is beginning to seek more solitude and less
activity and to search more in earnest for quiet places and locations of serenity.
10
Instead of built sheds, people want trees. Instead of shopping centers,

people want green spaces and instead of crowds, clamor, and smog, people want
space, silence, and sanitation. As these attitudes spread to the government and
society, architects and urban planners are finding it necessary to include an
environmental sensitivity element to their proposals and plans. Environmental
design having centered on natural elements is giving much positive motivation to
people. Natural elements that is producing allure to the users.
Encouraging approaches are formed through pleasant incentives present in

the surrounding environment. Such as, fresh air and less pollution, natural light,
atmosphere and scenic landscapes and space.
2.7 Design Elements that Affect Human Performance
Architecture plays an important role in people's behavior. Room design and

the arrangement of furniture affect social interaction and the emotional responses
of people in these built environments. The way in which the ambient environment
of the workplace affects workers' arousal levels has a powerful impact on their job
performance. A poorly designed physical environment can lead to work
dissatisfaction and low work motivation. This causes the marginalization of
creativity and productivity. Privacy and work environment appropriate to a person's
status in the organization are important. Working in a pleasant, high-quality
environment increases an individual’s senses of self-worth and standing in the
eyes of the others, leading to a greater job satisfaction.
2.8 Architectural Environment: Physical Environment Formation

Architectural environment plays a substantial role in our lives. It services to
the foundation of human behavior. Our homes, classrooms, shops, workplaces –
the settings where we spend most of our time – are all part of the built environment.
(Fitch, 1972). The behavioral effects of the built environment interposed between
people and the natural, untamed world, are crucial. Those we spend most of our
11
time are vital factors in our physiological well-being and our actions. (Stokols,
1978).
The essential elements found in the environment that can significantly affect
the formation of attitude of artists, which also affects their performance are:
A. Light
The amount, type, and quality of light affect our performance
by satisfying our visual requirements. Too much light causes glare
and headaches. The lack of light causes a visual deficiency. Glare is
a form of light that reduces our ability to see clearly, and may
adversely affect how well we perform various tasks. (Boyce, 1875).
Its abundance or lack, the gradations of brightness and shadows
determine the manner in which we perceive the world around us.
Studies tell us that images take shape and color emerge from the
light waves that are reflected by the surfaces of our surroundings.
The things that we see are reflections of light bouncing off the
surfaces of the physical world. Images are created by the simple
ability of objects to
reflect light.
The very quality
of light varies from
place to place. In
countries near the
equator, where the sun
Figure 5 Daylight aids a person's concept of time. Day provokes work shines directly,
and movement; night provokes rest and sleep.
the strike of light
seems brighter, and color takes on a sharper edge. In temperate
countries, the sun rays at an angle and passes through layers of the
atmosphere. These variations in the intensity of light may be a root
of distinctiveness of each art, music, and literature. The character of
12
light differs from island to island, and this contrast could probably be
one of the reasons behind the diversity of artistic sensibilities.
(Raymund Fernandez, PANANAW)
According to Rachel Holazo, a famous local artist, she prefers
natural lighting in her studio when painting. Natural light helps her
more to see colors than using Fluorescent Light. Since she’s doing
portraits, Fluorescent light produces more glare that obstructs her
from seeing the natural colors.
B. Natural Materials
Natural materials
have a very high artistic
value. They can fuel
imagination and
harmonization of creative
activities through play with
wood and dirt. Biotic
settings strongly impact
people unblemished
Figure 6 Raw materials are processed naturally with less cost. It also
promotes the concept of sustainability. senses, encouraging the
creation of a world of fantasy. (Moore, 1989)
13
C. Color
Color
influences on overall
ambiance of a
setting. Lighting and
color are highly
associated with each
other regarding
design. Visual
abilities may also be Figure 7 Psychology of color. Courtesy of freshome.com.
affected by color. Color has subtle effects on a person’s mood.

(Mehrabian and Russell, 1974)
Color has a sway on a person's mode in recognizing space.
Lighter colored rooms appear more open and voluminous and ventilated.
Color affects the perception of the visual appearance of the interior
design and in the regulation of the occupant's mood. The color of the
surface is determined not only by the surface alone but also by the
lighting. Therefore, the type of lamp in a room is a factor to the
impression of the color of the object. Showroom design is profoundly
affected by this concept. Mood is subtly affected by the surroundings
color. For example, red gives the impression of warmth and blue-green
gives the impression of coldness. (Home.Tir.com) Color is one of the
most important elements that artists use to create a masterpiece. Artists
use color to manifest messages, emotions or symbols through color.
Ineffective use of color may produce visual clutter.
D. Aesthetics
Aesthetics conjure a certain response from people viewing the
finished settings. It influences people's ability to find their way through
14
spaces. It moderates the monotony of the backdrops and maintains

acceptable levels of stimulation. (Berlyne, 1960)
Research indicates that aesthetic quality of a room may affect the
sorts of evaluation we make within a setting. A fairly nice-looking scenery
makes people feel better and comfortable. Pleasant ambiance increase
willingness to help one another (Sherrod, et al., 1977). Convenient
spaces improve work efficiency and accuracy, and people feel like
socializing.
People have long sought scenic beauty and outdoor experiences,
and this tendency has increased with growing urbanization. One of the
benchmarks of the English Romantic movement of the early 19th century
was the belief that nature had an uplifting, comforting, and beneficial
effect on human beings, Romantics, Artists sought out natural settings
and painted and wrote about the magnificent feelings these settings
inspired them. The drive to find nature and have the green experience is
unyielding in most people; often they will go to considerable trouble to
commune with nature in almost any form.
An artist's view of natural scenery is essential to his/her creativity.
It serves as part of their medium to evoke nature as a subject. It is from
nature they learn color, texture, light and shadow. It serves as their drug
to do art. Nature contains an overwhelming beauty. The most dramatic
aspects of nature, especially mountains and the sea, have always
inspired a mixture of awe, fear, and reverence in human beings.
Study confirms that the nature one experiences need not be
outstanding. Even the most common instances of nature, such as a
regular tree or a small section of open terrain, can be quite fulfilling.
Research demonstrates that viewing natural scenes reduces stress,
promotes positive mood and feeling, and can assist recovery from
illness. Human preference for scenes containing fresh water, vegetation,
15
and light make perfect sense. People prefer environments scenes that
offer prospect and refuge.
E. Furnishings
The arrangement of fixtures in a room can disturb the users' productivity
and mood. Reush and Kees noted that the way patients arrange their
rooms and furniture expresses their emotional state regarding
interaction in their space. There are two types of furniture arrangement
– sociopetal and sociofugal. Sociopetal is described as an open and
welcome method for interaction. Meanwhile, sociofugal is defined as a
close method that discourages social contact. Furniture arrangement
communicates status as well as function.
Figure 8 Illustrative sample of a Sociopetal layout.
Figure 9 Illustrative sample of a Sociofugal layout.
16
F. Privacy
Privacy is a selective control of access to the self or one’s group.
It is an ability to withdraw or detach ourselves from people. It is an ability
to control information about ourselves. Privacy is self-determination to
regulate what other people find out about us, and the type or amount of
self-information we make available for others.
Privacy is critical for artists. Of the many things that make an
individual feel satisfied with his/her studio, none is more important for an
artist than privacy.
G. Temperature
The body reacts to high and low temperature losing or preserving
body heat. Associated physical activity tends to increase productivity,
leading to improved performance. Productivity is affected by comfort
levels of a person’s surroundings. High temperature would result to
faster physical exhaustion as the body can no longer preserve regular
temperature at a safely operative level. Hence, this tells us that
performance would deteriorate. As heat increases, attention is narrowed
toward stimuli central to the task at hand, so that performance on hand
deteriorates. A standard recommendation is that the temperature should
be held constant in the range of 21-23°C. (Canadian Centre for
Occupational Health & Safety, 2013)
2.9 Artist’s Notion of Space
The natural environment holds the many ideas an artist desires and is
devoted to. Natural environmental preferences shaped by their cultural ideals such
as harmony with nature developed because of their need to meditate, appreciate
beauty in nature and work with nature. Natural elements that provide them the
optimism and pleasure that raise their spirits to produce art.
17
2.9.1 Artists’ Village
Artists’ village exist to enable like-minded modern artists to judgmentally

inspect existing assumptions, values, and concepts of art-making. The Village
serves as an artist colony, allows artists to explore primitive ways and philosophies
in creating art that corresponds with the changes of the society. An Artist-in-
residence program invites artists, academies, and all manner of creative people for
space away from their usual environment and obligations. They provide a time for
reflection, research, presentation, and production as a community. Meeting people
with the same interests, using new materials. Art residencies focus on the
importance of meaningful and multi-layered cultural exchange and immersion into
another culture.
Research about the Santa Ana Artists' Village in Los Angeles delivered this
study concerning facilities and spaces. According to research, the village is
composed of twenty-seven residential apartments and art studios for graduate
students, three classrooms for community outreach, studio art workshops, lectures
and meetings, three galleries which includes the Grand Central Gallery, a project
room and a Rental & Sales Gallery Grand Central Theatre, Gypsy Den Café,
Watermark Printmaking Workshop, Retail shops, an artists' supply store, a
bookstore, food stores, cafes and restaurants, clothing stores and a library.
Figure 10 An Artwalk is held annually in the village to promote its yearly advances.
18
Figure 11 Santa Artists' Village at night.
19
2.10 References
American Art Therapy Association. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from
http://www.arttherapy.org/upload/whatisarttherapy.pdf
Artist-in-residence (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist-in-residence
Beranek, L. L., Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993.
Beranek, L. L., Noise and Vibration Control, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971.
Egan, M. D., Architectural Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1988.
Everest, F. A. The Master Handbook of Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Interior lighting. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from Home.Tir.com,

http://home.tir.com/~ms/interiorlighting/interiorlighting.html
Irvine, L. K. and Richards, R. L., Acoustics and Noise Control Handbook for
Architects and Builders, Krieger Publishing Compny, 1998.
Kinsler, L. E., and Frey, A. R., Fundamentals of Acoustics, John Wiley & Sons,
1982
Knudsen, V. O. and Harris C. M., Acoustical Design in Architecture, John Wiley &
Sons, 1978.
OSH answers fact sheets. (2016, August 30). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/thermal_comfort.html
Perez, A. J. R. (2016, January 23). Old Davao airport soon to be tourism, cultural
village. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from SunStar,
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/business/2016/01/23/old-davao-airport-
soon-be-tourism-cultural-village-453278
20
Restoration, revitalization & renovation. (2015, January 29). Retrieved August 31,
2016, from Diamond Schmitt Architects, http://dsai.ca/services/restoration-
revitalization-renovation/
Revitalization of Cultural Spaces of High Architectural Patrimonial Value with the

Goal of Creating Local Networks. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from
Organization of American States,
http://www.oas.org/oipc/english/documentos/ArgentinaProgramofrevitalizat
ionofculturalspaces.doc
The artists’ village (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Artists_Village
21

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ATENEO DE DAVAO UNIVERSITY

AR 410 – RESEARCH METHODS FOR ARCHITECTURE

A PROPOSED INTERDISCIPLINARY ARTS INSTITUTE WITH TECHNO-

AUGUST 31, 2016

2.1 Definition of Terms ………………………………… 4

2.2 Art Institute ………………………………… 5

2.3 Art Therapy ………………………………… 5

2.4 In Search of an Effective ………………………………… 6

Physical Setting for Art

2.5 Existing Project ………………………………… 6

2.5.1 Ocular Inspection ………………………………… 7

2.5.2 Site History ………………………………… 9

2.5.3 Advantages and ………………………………… 9

2.5.4 Physical Revitalization ………………………………… 10

2.6 Environmental Design:

Preserving Natural ………………………………… 10

2.7 Design Elements that Affect ………………………………… 11

2.8 Architectural Environment: ………………………………… 11

2.9 Artist’s Notion of Space ………………………………… 17

2.9.1 Artists’ Village ………………………………… 18

2.10 References ………………………………… 20

2.1 Definition of Terms

Academe College, campus, school

2.2 Art Institute

An Art Institute is a system of art educational organizations that handles

Educational accreditation of an Art Institute and their programs vary among

2.3 Art Therapy

In the medical field, Art Therapy is accredited as a health profession

2.4 In Search of an Effective Physical Setting for Art

Human behavior, resource management, productivity, and creativity are the

2.5 Existing Project

The proposed project is being studied to be established at the Francisco

2.5.1 Ocular Inspection

2.5.2 Site History

The old terminal of Davao International Airport is designed by Leandro Locsin,

Today, the old terminal sits silently with illegal settlers.

2.5.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Historic Preservation

 Categorizing culturally valuable buildings for future uses.

 It seeks to limit modifications.

Historic preservation should not be taken merely as a preservation of the

2.2.4 Physical Revitalization

Architectural Revitalization means taking up the responsibility to bring new

• Promote the protection of cultural identity and the preservation of history.

• Uphold a feeling of belonging to a community by considering diversity, in

2.5 Environmental Design: Preserving Natural Environment

Environmental design is a study that is focused on maintaining our natural

Instead of built sheds, people want trees. Instead of shopping centers,

Encouraging approaches are formed through pleasant incentives present in

2.7 Design Elements that Affect Human Performance

Architecture plays an important role in people's behavior. Room design and

2.8 Architectural Environment: Physical Environment Formation

affected by color. Color has subtle effects on a person’s mood.

spaces. It moderates the monotony of the backdrops and maintains

Figure 8 Illustrative sample of a Sociopetal layout.

Figure 9 Illustrative sample of a Sociofugal layout.

2.9 Artist’s Notion of Space

2.9.1 Artists’ Village

Artists’ village exist to enable like-minded modern artists to judgmentally

Figure 11 Santa Artists' Village at night.

Artist-in-residence (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from

Beranek, L. L., Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1993.

Beranek, L. L., Noise and Vibration Control, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1971.

Egan, M. D., Architectural Acoustics, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1988.