CHAPTER 1.

PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Project

The target area for this telephone network design is the Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City,
Cavite. Before ensuing to the design itself, initial and follow up surveys was conducted beforehand. The
result of those surveys was the data gathered, some of it is the classification of establishments, poles and
their respective ID’s as well the pole to pole distances. Those said data was essential in determining the
number of household in the area and their respective classifications, pole lines, possible cable routes,
potential distribution points, probable Outside Plant Access Cabinet (OPAC), ID’s of the distribution points
and cables as well as their respective counts, and the imaginable bonds & grounds as well as the guys’
location.

Project Objectives

This project intends to apply the knowledge gained by the group through the discussion of the instructor on
designing a telephone network system in the area of Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City,
Cavite as a partial requirement in ECE 124 Communication Systems Design.

The following declarations are the specific objectives of this project:

 To design a suitable and efficient telephone network system design.

 To integrate several realistic constraints, namely economic, safety, and sustainability.
 To consider an applicable trade-off in the design process and determining the better
design between the two telephone network system design.

Project Scope and Limitations

The scope of this project is to design a telephone network system in Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3,
Imus City, Cavite only. This design will only include Block 18 to Block 26, as well as Block 28 and Block 29
of the Montefaro West Village. The following factors that are considered in designing are the classification
of establishments, the number and ID’s of current and existing poles as well as their pole to pole distances,
the penetration factor that was provided especially for this design by the instructor and the range of the
possible number of household that is included in this design which is ranging from 200 to 300 households.

The limitation of this project is that the design does not cover the whole Montefaro West Village. Another, is
that this design is only limited in having only one OPAC to work with which is set by the instructor. Lastly,
this design does not include the aerial and ground implementation as well as the actual installation of the
telephone network design.

1
The Client

Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City, Cavite

Project Development

START

Knowledge acquisition
on Telephone Network
Design

Search for client

Does the
instructor approve A
the client?

Classification of
establishment

Determining
OPAC location

2
B
 B

Does the
instructor approve C
the design?

Preliminary
survey

Existing pole
Identification and pole
to pole distances

Cable routes /
distribution

Does the
instructor approve D
the design?

3
E
 E

Distribution Points and

Distribution Points
boundaries

Does the
instructor approve F
the design?

Distribution Points
counts and
identifications

Does the
instructor approve G
the design?

4
 H

Cable counts and

identifications

Does the
instructor approve I
the design?

Location of Bonds and

Grounds

Does the
instructor approve J
the design?

5
 K

Location of Guys

Does the
instructor approve L
the design?

Does the
design meet M
the standard?

Does the
constraints considered N
in the design

6
 O

Finalization
of the design

Final design

End

Figure 1.1 Project Development

7
 CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS

Project Site

The place of our client was established in Imus Cavite. This village has an affordable community that your
family can call home. From the Mediterranean style entrance gate, to the clubhouse, swimming pool, and
covered court. Montefaro has an Alexis unit with a typical floor area of 60 square meters on a 100 square
meter lot. This village is located along Carsadang Bago, Bucandala 3, Imus Cavite. Part of the subdivision
of about 210 households have been taken to be our client.

Figure 2.1 Satellite Image of Montefaro West Village, Imus City, Cavite

8
The Map

The project is to acquire a part of the village map with the use of google maps. One of our team members
search the image of the Montefaro village which has been seen in 2D mode. The part of the village has
been cropped to be the reference for the design. The google maps has been very useful for us to acquire
image and view of the location of our client. The edited map serves as our reference in order for us to
create a telephone network system design which will be our guide to locate the poles and description of
pole id’s.

Design Parameters

The following parameters must be taken in consideration in order to come up with a feasible design. These
parameters are being used to create a design in Telephone Network System.

Figure 2.2 Map of Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City, Cavite

9
Design Parameters

PARAMETERS DEFINITION

The number of establishments is one of the things to be

considered in designing a telephone network. This is
Number of Establishments
essential to estimate the number of line that will be used
within the designated area.

This specify the number of telephone lines that would be

Number of Lines
used within the specific area.

Penetration Factor It is a predetermined value that is used to determine how

many lines an establishment can possibly use.

Pace factor is a measuring technique used to estimate

Pace Factor
distance by getting the number of steps per any fixed value
of a distance.

It is the distance between two successive poles within the

Pole-to-pole Distances
area.

Table 2.1 Design Parameters

Classification of Establishments

Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City Cavite is a town house village which means that the
design of the houses built in the village has only one structural design with the exception of some that
asked permission to the village authorities for renovations. With that being said, the classifications of
residential establishments that can be seen from the village are as follows:

RESIDENTIAL
R1 Residential High Cost
R2 Residential Mid Cost
R3 Residential Low Cost
Table 2.2 Classification of Establishments (Residential)

10
 Figure 2.3 R1 Residential High Cost

Figure 2.4 R2 Residential Medium Cost Figure 2.5 R3 Residential Low Cost

11
Penetration Factor and Distribution of Lines

Different establishments have their own predetermined penetration factor. These penetration factors will
then be multiplied to the number of classified establishments to determine the type of distribution point that
would be used and how many distribution points are needed for a more efficient telephone network design.

Classification of
No. of Units Penetration Factor Number of Lines
Establishment
R1 1 2.5 2.5
R2 3 1.5 4.5
R3 206 1.25 257.5
Total number of units 210 Total number of lines 264.5
Table 2.3 Total Number of Classified Establishment and Total Number of Lines

Pace Factor

The pace factor per meter was executed by walking naturally from one point to another with the distance of
10 meters. The partaker counts the number of steps it takes to get from the starting point to, 10 meters
from it, the end point. The pace factor per meter is basically achieved by the formula:

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 =
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

Thus, the partaker took about 17 steps to complete the 10 meters walking distance and instilling this values
to the formula above would lead us a pace factor of:

17 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 =
10 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒑𝒔
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟕
𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓

12
 CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESIGN

Design 1: Outside Plant Access Cabinet (OPAC)

Classification of Establishments for OPAC

Figure 3.1 Classification of Establishments

Symbols Used

Electric Pole
Own Pole
OPAC
MSAN

13
 DP 10 Pairs
DP 20 Pairs

Bonds & Grounds

Guy

Sidewalk Guy

Table 3.1 Symbols Used

OPAC Location

Outside Plant Access Cabinet or OPAC, is the center of all the connections in a Telephone Network
Design. The design must utilize only one OPAC that will not exceed on the minimum number of more than
six hundred forty (640) lines while approximately accommodating two hundred (200) to three hundred (300)
households. OPAC is the main link of the telephone companies to a certain area of distribution. In the
design, the OPAC is located along the center of the Costa Brava Street in Montefaro West Village,
Bucandala 3, Imus City, Cavite.

Figure 3.2 OPAC Location

14
Pole Classification and Pole-to-pole Distance

Issue about cable alignment arose and fixing it would mean that own poles are to be installed. To install
own pole, riser pole, alignment and over spans are the following conditions. When over spans are
encountered, it is allowable to install an own pole between existing poles. There must be a main pole
connected to the OPAC which is the riser pole.

Figure 3.3: Pole Classification and Pole-to-pole Distances

15
Cable Routes and Cable Distribution

Cable Routing is a way of distributing aerial cables to the different poles in the location area. Aerial cable is
preferable in this design as it is easier to integrate to the design than that of the underground cable which
obviously requires excavation.

Figure 3.4 Cable Routes

16
Distribution Points and Distribution Points Boundaries

There are two kinds of distribution points, a wall-mounted and pole-mounted. Wall-mounted distribution
point is about 30 pairs while pole-mounted distribution point has 10 to 20 pairs. In the design, only the pole-
mounted distribution point is utilized having one distribution point with 20 pairs while the rest is at 10 pairs.

Figure 3.5 Distribution Points and Distribution Points Boundaries

17
Distribution Point Counts and Identifications

Each and every distribution point in the design has their own counts and identifications. The distribution
point identification is simply the tally of all the distribution points present in the design while the distribution
point count is the tally of the number of lines used for that specific distribution point. This is a portion of the
telephone network design on Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City, Cavite that shows some of
the distribution point counts and identifications.

Figure 3.6 Distribution Point Counts and Identifications

18
Tabulation of the Distribution Point Counts

This is a tabulated form of the distribution points counts that is existing in the telephone network design for
Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City, Cavite. Present in this table is the distribution point
number as well as the count with its corresponding distribution point pair and number of lines.

DP NO. DP PAIR DP COUNT NUMBER OF LINES

1 10 001 001-010
2 10 002 011-020
3 10 003 021-030
4 10 004 031-040
5 10 005 041-050
6 10 006 051-060
7 10 007 061-070
8 10 008 071-080
9 10 009 081-090
10 10 010 091-100
11 10 011 101-110
12 10 012 111-120
13 10 013 121-130
14 10 014 131-140
15 10 015 141-150
16 20 016-017 151-170
17 10 018 171-180
18 10 019 181-190
19 10 020 191-200
20 10 021 201-210
21 10 022 211-220
22 10 023 221-230
23 10 024 231-240
24 10 025 241-250
25 10 026 251-260
26 10 027 261-270
27 10 028 271-280
Table 3.2 Distribution Point Counts

19
Cable Counts

Not only are the distribution points are being counted in the design but as well as the cables. In the design,
it is specified that it is favorable to use aerial cable and this is a portion of the telephone network design on
Montefaro West Village, Bucandala 3, Imus City Cavite.

Figure 3.7 Cable Counts

20
Aerial Cable Identifications

The tabulated form of all of the aerial cable identifications that can be seen in the telephone network design
including the respective number of lines and the number of dead pairs or the spare pairs.

Name Value Dead Pairs

10x0.5 AER CA 001:001 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:001-002 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:001-003 0
50x0.5 AER CA 001:001-004 10
10x0.5 AER CA 001:005 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:005-006 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:005-007 0
100x0.5 AER CA 001:001-008 20
10x0.5 AER CA 001:009 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:009-010 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:009-011 0
150x0.5 AER CA 001:001-012 30
10x0.5 AER CA 001:013 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:013-014 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:013-015 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:016-017 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:016-018 0
50x0.5 AER CA 001:016-019 10
20x0.5 AER CA 001:013-020 20
10x0.5 AER CA 001:021 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:021-022 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:021-023 0
100x0.5 AER CA 001:013-024 30
10x0.5 AER CA 001:025 0
20x0.5 AER CA 001:025-026 0
30x0.5 AER CA 001:025-027 0
300x0.5 UG CA 001:001-028 20
Table 3.3 Aerial Cable Identifications

21
Bonds and Grounds

The primary purpose of the bonds and grounds is for the safety of the people and property alike from
electrical hazards. It is indispensable that all of the poles have bonds and grounds but following the
condition of end of aerial cables and cable intersections poles only are the candidate for bonds and
grounds would make the design more efficient.

Figure 3.8 Bonds and Grounds

22
Guys

A guy-wire or guy-rope, simply known as guy, is a tensioned cable designed to add stability to a
freestanding structure. The basic installation of guys is at the poles where the end of the cables is found,
using guy or sidewalk guy depending on the given situation.

Figure 3.9 Guys

23
Design 2: Multi-service Access Node (MSAN)

MSAN Location

Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN) is an integrated broadband system delivering voice, video and data
services to business and residential users. MSAN line provides connectivity to broadband. In placing
MSAN, it is usually placed at the entrance of the village or subdivision the same place where OPAC is
ideally placed though it can be located anywhere as long as it is accessible to all surrounding areas.

Figure 3.10 MSAN Location

24
 CHAPTER 4. CONSTRAINTS AND TRADE-OFFS

Design Constraints

Economic
Whenever we considering the economic constraints, it’s got to be somewhat a give and take status quo.
Will the design be economical? Will the cost of the design be proportionate to what is has to offer to the
client? In this design, the client’s specifications on what they ought to receive must then be fully given to
them to continuously flourish the cycle of gaining profit vis-à-vis quality service and good maintenance of
the design. Ideal place of the OPAC being considered in the design was at the upper center of the
subdivision considering the map presented at the start of this design. Distribution points were evenly
distributed to the area concerned and additional poles which also happened to address certain problems
adds up to the cost of the design.

Safety
One cannot overlook the constraints of safety whenever a design is being made. To have a design that is
not just profitable but also safe is somehow difficult to manage but for the benefit of the client, safety must
not be left behind. Safety of a telephone network includes setting up bonds, grounds and guys to support
forces acting on the system. Other things considered was the placement of OPAC/MSAN which was
strategically located at the center of the telephone network system for safety access. Hindrances along the
cable wire paths must be solve to avoid prior problems regarding phenomenon that can cause severe
damage to the system such as rainstorms and the likes.

Sustainability
A good design must always have maintenance at its best that’ll make the client long for more of what they
need with regards to the telephone network system. This design consists of a number of poles which
makes the maintenance something to be prioritized. Considering wooden poles, when properly treated, can
last up to 35 years without any maintenance or replacement. Other measures to prolong the lifecycle of
poles must be done like adding additional poles beside the existing poles to attend to any case that the
existing pole needs backup or permanent replacement. Cables also as a primary concern must be free
from trees and other stuffs blocking its way to work properly.

25
Constraints: OPAC (Outside Plant Access Cabinet)

Economic Safety Sustainability

-Cost Mitigation Features -Maintenance
-OPAC Protection
-Lifespan
Table 4.1 Constraints for OPAC

Figure 4.1 OPAC (Outside Plant Access Cabinet)

OPAC remarkable features:

- includes active telecommunications equipment inside namely switching, termination, connection
and controller equipment.
- environmental criteria such as operating temperatures, humidity, particulate contamination,
pollution exposure and heat dissipation.
- mechanical criteria such as structural requirements, packaging and susceptibility to vibration,
earthquake and handling.
- electrical protection and safety including protection from threats of lightning surges, AC power
induction and faults, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and DC power influences.

26
Constraints: MSAN (Multi-Service Access Node)

Economic Safety Sustainability

-Cost Effective
- -High Maintenance
Table 4.2 Constraints for MSAN

Figure 4.2 MSAN (Multi-Service Access Node)

MSAN remarkable features:

- it connects customer’s telephone lines to the core network to provide telephone, ISDN and
broadband such as DSL in a single platform.
- a typical outdoor MSAN cabinet consists of narrowband, broadband services, batteries with
rectifiers, optical transmission unit and copper distribution frame.

Constraints: Cables
Economic Safety Sustainability
-Cable Pairs -Climbing Space -Cutting tree branches that come
-Putting up guys in contact with the cables
-Proper placement of grounds
Table 4.3 Constraints for Cables

Constraints: Distribution Points

Economic Safety Sustainability
-Placing DP at strategic locations -Climbing Space -Cutting tree branches that come
-Aerial Cables -Putting up guys in contact with the cables

Table 4.4 Constraints for Distribution Points

27
Trade-Offs

OPAC and MSAN Comparison

OPAC (Outside Plant Access Cabinet) MSAN (Multi-Service Access Node)

Serving only 640 lines Serving more than 4000 lines

Needs no back-up power supply Can operate on its own
Has distinction on what a specific hardware Provides a number of services altogether in
can offer one equipment
Less Cost Effective Cost Effective
Low Maintenance High Maintenance
Table 4.5 OPAC and MSAN Comparison

OPAC and MSAN Trade-Offs

11

15

Table 4.6 OPAC and MSAN Trade-Offs

Based from the trade-off between the Outside Plant Access Cabinet and Multi-Service Access Node, it is a
neck-to-neck battle but we are prioritizing the economic value of the design over other constraints. One
might say that using OPAC is cost lesser than that of the MSAN but in terms of what both can offer, it is
justifiable that MSAN cost more than that of OPAC. For a lesser cost because the OPAC offers only one
service compared to the MSAN that offers a number of services altogether. With that in mind, the
proponents chose the MSAN as it is more efficient to use.

28
 CHAPTER 5. FINAL DESIGN

Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN)

Figure 5.1 Multi-Service Access Node (MSAN)

29
Conclusion

30
Recommendation

31
Appendix

Design Standards

32