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CHAP 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

1. Science is ____________ of things that happen in _________________. We call these events

__________________________.
2. Example:

3. The importance of science in everyday life

a.

b.

c.

d.

4. Science has three branches of studies

SCIENC
E

5. Careers related to science:

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6. Laboratory Safety Rules

Do’s Don’ts

_____________________________________ ________________________________

____________________________________ ________________________________

____________________________________ ________________________________

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_____________________________________ ________________________________

_____________________________________ ________________________________

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_____________________________________ ________________________________

_____________________________________ ________________________________

_____________________________________ ________________________________

_____________________________________ ________________________________

_____________________________________ ________________________________

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7. Hazardous substances found in laboratory

Symbol Example Description

POISONOUS

FLAMMABLE

CORROSIVE

IRRITANT

RADIOACTIVE

EXPLOSIVE

8. Laboratory apparatus

Symbol Uses
Beaker

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Pipette

Test tube

Conical flask

Measuring cylinder

Retort stand

Filter funnel

Burette

Scientific Investigation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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7.

8.

Writing report

Day: Date:

Title:

Aim:

Problem statement :

Hypothesis :

Variables :

a) Manipulated variables :
b) Responding variable :
c) Fixed variable(s) :

Materials/ Apparatus :

Procedure : 1.

2.

Data and observation :

Interpreting Data :

Discussion :

Conclusion :

Physical Quantities and Their Units

Physical Quantities

1. Physical quantities are quantities that _________________________________________.

2. S.I unit is _______________________________________.

3. Physical quantities and their S.I unit

Quantity Unit Symbol of unit

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m

Mass

Second

Ampere

Using prefixes in measurement

1. We use prefixes when the quantities we measure have ______________________ or

____________________________.

2. Symbol and values of some prefixes

Prefix Symbol Value of prefix

centi-

1/1000

3. Examples:

a) 2000 m = 2 x 1000 m

= 2 km 1 m = 100 cm

b) 0.0015 m = 1.5 x 1/1000 m 1cm = 10 mm

= 1.5 mm 1 m = 1000 mm
c) 0.25 m = 25 x 1/100 m 1km = 1000m
= 25 cm
1 l = 1000 ml
d) 0.03 m = ______________________mm
1cm3 = 1 ml

= _____________ mm
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e) 10 000 m = _________________________km

f) Complete the table below:

Is Mass the same as Weight?

Weight

1. The _______________________ of an object is the pull of the earth on that object.

2. The pull of the earth is called _________________________.

3. The S.I unit of the for the weight is the ______________________( )

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4. The weight of an object is not always the ____________. It changes from place to place according to

_____________________________ the pull of the earth in that place.

5. __________________ balance is use to measure the weight of an object.

Mass

1. The mass of an object is the _______________________________________ in the object.

2. The mass of an object _________________________ change. It is the same everywhere.

3. The S.I unit for mass is ______________________( ).

4. ___________________________, _________________________________ and _______________________

is use to measure mass.

5. Copy and complete the table below

Measuring Tools

Measuring Length

1. The S.I unit for length is _____________________.

2. Length is the ________________ between two points.

3. Tools for measuring length

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a. The metre ruler, half meter ruler or ruler

i. Use to measure the length or ____________________ lines.

ii. When taking readings from the scale of a ruler, the correct eye position is very important to

obtain an __________________________.

Parallax error happens if the eyes are wrongly positioned when taking a reading.

b. The measuring tape

i. to measure the length of __________________________ straight lines.

c. Thread and metre ruler

i. to mesure the length of a _____________________ line.

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Thread and ruler use to measure track AB

d. External and internal calipers

i. Use calipers together with a metre rule to measure the _______________ of round or

__________________ objects.

ii. External calipers is use to measure the __________________________ of an object and internal

calipers to measure the ________________ diameter of an object.

iii. Diameter is a straight line that passes through the centre of the circle.

Measuring the external diameter of a beaker

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(a) Close the jaws (b) Slide the closed jaws out (c) Measure the distance
until they touch the of the beaker between the jaws on a metre
beaker rule

Measuring the internal diameter of a beaker

(c) Measure the

(a) Open the jaws (b) Slide the opened distance between the
until they touch the jaws out of the beaker opened jaws on a
beaker metre rule

Acitity: text book

MEASURING AREA

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1. We can estimate the _____________ of regular or irregular shapes by tracing the shape
onto a piece of graph paper.

2. The area of regular shape can be calculated using mathematical formula. Example: square,
rectangle

3. The number of squares covered by the shape is then counted using the following method:

a. Count the number of complete squares.

b. An ___________________ square is counted if half or more of the square is covered.

c. Do not count an incomplete square if less than ____________ of square is covered.

Activity : What is the Area of Your Palm?

i. Place your palm on the printed graph paper with your thumbs and fingers apart as shown below.

ii. Use a pencil to trace the outline of your palm on printed graph paper.

iii. Remove your palm. Count the number of 1 cm squares that are completely
or have at least half of their area within the trace. Tick and record the number
of squares counted. Find the approximate surface area of your palm.
Number of ticks counted = Surface area of 1 cm square = 1 cm2

Estimated surface are of the palm = Number of ticks counted x 1 cm2

= ____________ x 1 cm2 = ___________ cm2

MEASURING VOLUME

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1. We use a measuring cylinder, ___________________ or __________________ to measure

the volume of a liquid.

2. We measure the volume of a liquid in ______________________( ) and the volume of a

solid in __________________________ ( ).

3. For most liquids, the correct reading should be taken from the bottom of the
meniscus with the observer’s eyes at the same level. See figure A.
For mercury, the correct reading should be taken from the top of the meniscus with
the observer’s eyes at the same level. See figure B.

4. The volume of a regular and irregular object can be measured by using the

________________________________________.

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a. The object is dropped into a measuring cylinder filled with water. The water level

______________ because the water in the measuring cylinder has been displaced by the
object.

b. The increase in the volume of the water in the measuring cylinder is ________________
to the volume of the object.

MEASURING TEMPERATURE

1. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.

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2. The temperature of an object usually measured in degree Celcius ( oC.)

3. There are two types of thermometer used to measure temperature.

4. Mercury is used because it ____________________ evenly as the temperature rises. It is a good

conductor of heat.

5. Correct eye position

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6. A clinical thermometer has a ___________________________ to prevent the mercury from

returning to the bulb after the measurement is taken. It helps doctor to get the reading of body
temperature even after the thermometer is exposed to room temperature.

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