(a) Distinguish between hard and soft water. (1 mark ) (b) A Form 4 class was asked to determine which of two samples of water, X or Y, was hard water. They were provided with the following materials and apparatus: 15 cm? of water labeled X 20 em* of water labeled Y 25 em? of soap solution 2 beakers, 2 measuring cylinders Describe how the students could use the materials and apparatus to determine which sample was hard water. (4 marks) (©) Two types of detergents, A and B, are shown in Figure 2. Detergent Detergent Figure 2. Bottles of Detergent (@___ Mrs Wharton finds that when she washes in soft water she has to use a great deal of detergent A to get a good lather but when she uses the same quantity of detergent B she gets an abundance of foam.Identify the type of detergent 2) inbotle A b) in botle B (2 marks) Gi) Mrs Wharton lives by the river, and her husband, an environmentalist, advises her to use detergent A instead of detergent B. Suggest TWO reasons for his advice against the use of detergent B. (3 marks) (4) Mrs Wharton observes that after washing with detergent some of the clothes still contain stains. On a science radio programme she heard that neutralis used to remove stains. Gi) What is neutralisation? (2marks) ‘The table below shows THREE stains which may be found on the clothes. ‘TABLE 1, REMOVAL OF THREE TYPES OF STAINS STAIN SUBSTANCE, Fruit Tea - ——s Paint Gi) Complete Table 1 by naming a substance which can be used to remove EACH of the stains, ( 3marks) Total 15 marks