TRADITIONAL BOAT MAKING : JOURNAL ARTICLES & BOOKS

NO. TITLE

1. THE PARADOX OF TRADITIONAL BOAT-MAKING: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE VS.

GLOBALIZATION

1.1 ABSTRACT
A master craftsman builds a boat based on his excellent skill, knowledge,
photographic memory and dedication. Today, traditional boat making in Malaysia
appears to be a dying trade. The indigenous knowledge is fighting a losing battle
with knowledge economy, a cohort of globalization. Indeed, globalisation has been
knocking our doors since the days of Parameswara in 1400’s. The difference then
and today is on the conduct of the visits. The merchants from the West Asia brought
their religion, Islam and knowledge, together with their goods. Today, globalization
enters one’s home through cyber technology. It demolishes borders, redefines
rules, creates new culture, constructs new markets and wealth as well as
discontents. Globalization brought employment opportunities to the needy. Yet,
multinational corporations, due to their aggressive promotion through the media
have created new consumerist culture. The global economy, supported by
globalization, changes the way the local population views their traditional livelihood
and ways of life. Indigenous knowledge faded into the background. Once a
flourishing trade, traditional boat-making and repair work is facing serious problems
with regards to its sustainability. Foreign craftsmen from Thailand are flooding the
job-market in Kelantan and Trengganu. This paper is based on a research concerning
the indigenous knowledge of boat-making and repair at the Eastern Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia, which aims to address issues, challenges and limitation of its
existing situation. It is timely that an effective mechanism is instituted to protect
this valuable indigenous knowledge.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
a. To reveal indigenous knowledge perspective with the ultimate issues to
address challenges and limitations of its existing situation.
b. To suggest an effective mechanism to protect the Malay heritage of boat
making.
c. To explore the indigenous knowledge and maintenance of traditional boat-
making as they face globalization’s vehicle of knowledge economy.
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
a. Governance actors weaken traditional legends and impose alien codes of
conduct.
b. Younger Malays leave their villages to work in the cities which lead to
problematic resources.
c. The pricing of resources make it hard to ustain the developement of the
boat making.
1.4 DATE
17-10-2017
1.5 AUTHOR
Siti Korota‘aini Omar, Mazlan Che Soh
2. A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DESIGN FOR
SUSTAINABILITY APPLICATION IN BOAT INDUSTRIES

2.1 ABSTRACT
Engineers are in an essential position to affect the environmental aspects of the
product they design. Role of a design engineer has become increasingly vital not
only to produce product to meet customers needs of quality and cost but also to
produce products with as low environmental impact as possible and good in
sustainable. This report is about the collection data in development of an innovative
environment by applying the design for environment (DFE) and design for
Sustainability (DFS) approach to improve human living environment. In recent years,
DFE has become an important approach since the world is facing problems of limited
resources and serious environmental effects. DFE and DFS are approach
implemented at product design and development stage to avoid or minimize
significant environmental impacts and increase resource efficiency at all phase of a
product life cycle ranging from extraction of its material, manufacturing,
transportation, product usage and finally to recycling or deposition of the used
product. The methodology used in this report is by comparing the way that used by
others manufacturing industries than choose the right or good method to solve the
environment impact in boat industries and improve the sustainability of product
developing. From the research, the data that have collected from the survey are
following with the literature review that have done, than that data must be analysis
to get the result. Finally that data should be discussed to get the solution about DFE
and DFS in boat industries.
2.2 OBJECTIVE
a. To indentify concepts, principles and usage DFS and DFE.
b. To find out information current application in boat industries in general.
c. To obtain related information on DFS and DFE to be used in boat industry.
d. To propose DFS and DFE model to be used in boat industries.

2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

a. To improve design for disassembly
b. To improve design for remanufacture
c. To minimize hazardous chemicals.
d. To consider the light sustainability of material is used.
e. The amount of waste generated in the product life cycle, ie attempt to
prevent and minimize waste in boat design process.
2.4 YEAR
10-05-2009
2.5 AUTHOR
MAHADI BIN MUSTAFA

3. THE SIMILARITY OF MALAY ARCHITECTURE TERMINOLOGY: PERAHU AND HOUSE

3.1 ABSTRACT
The perahu also known as boat was used by the Malay community during
the Holocene period when the rise of the sea level altered the Malay world
and it became islands and a peninsula. The perahu became important, not
only as a navigational vessel but served as a shelter during the journey.
As sailing is a part of Malay way of life, many perahu manifestations are
often seen in housing construction. The objectives of this paper are to
 outline the features of perahu used around Negeri Sembilan traditional
house – architecture with kajang perahu analogy – and to raise questions
on what are the similarities between the terminology perahu and house.
The questions look through literature review analysis and identify elements
and components related to the house.
3.2 OBJECTIVE
a. Investigating the similarities and terminologies used in perahu and
traditional Malay house.
b. Understanding between the sea-faring culture and Malay architecture
development.
3.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
-
3.4 YEAR
07-08-2017
3.5 AUTHOR
Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab, Azizi Bahauddin

4. BOAT DESIGN DERIVING FROM ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY: A TRANSDISCIPLINARY

APPROACH TO MALAYSIAN FISHING BOAT DESIGN

4.1 ABSTRACT
The goal of the project is to further the positivist discourse of design by ascertaining
whether ethnographic analysis contributes to the design process. To this end, the
project provides a culturally appropriate conceptual fishing boat design and an
industrial design case study.
This project identifies mechanistic and non-mechanistic design elements and
presents the results of thematic analysis. This project develops a 40 GRT (gross
register ton), Malaysian Class B fishing boat design based primarily upon
ethnographic study of stakeholders, which includes fishermen, boat builders,
designers and owners. The design concept is evaluated by fishermen regarding
perceived performance as a fishing boat, aesthetics, safety, and comfort. The
concept boat is compared with the visual stereotype of a traditional Malaysian
fishing boat and a Western style, deck forward design. The conceptual design is
evaluated with a creative product analysis matrix (CPAM) followed by a
questionnaire based evaluation by fishermen.
This project is intended for students and practitioners of industrial design interested
in culturally appropriate design. It provides insights into design methodology and
ethnographic methods for developing an understanding of indigenous design
sensitivities of a client or end user. This study provides an example of product
development that integrates the designer‘s creativity with the stakeholders‘
requirements and material culture. This project also demonstrates the technique of
superimposing photographs via computer aided design (CAD) drawings to develop
a visual stereotype. Moreover, this project demonstrates the benefit of employing
visual models in charcoal and clay in ethnographic fieldwork.

4.2 OBJECTIVE
a. Acquiring insight primarily with ethnographic methods.
b. Creation of a new boat design incorporating these data and analysis.
c. Obtaining feedback on the appeal of my conceptual design.

4.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 4.4 YEAR
20-04-2011
4.5 AUTHOR
Thomas Eric Ask

5. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINAS AND BOATING ACTIVITIES IN

MALAYSIA

5.1 ABSTRACT
This study provides an assessment of the development of marinas in Malaysia and
the recreational boating sector. From the analysis of the current state of marinas
and leisure boating in Malaysia, plus an evaluation of present and future trends in
the marine leisure sector, a set of strategies is proposed towards making Malaysia
a boaters’ haven and a marine tourism destination of choice. The study reveals that
while Malaysia does not lack in international-class marinas and boating
infrastructure, there is room for improvement to lure the boating community and
promoting boating events to turn the country into a premiere boating destination.
Although the country has what it takes to achieve this, a more systematic approach
is needed to promote the development of boating activities and marinas for
Malaysia to truly make its mark on the international boating map. There is also a
compelling reason to plan marina development in Malaysia in a sustainable manner
to ensure their surroundings are protected and precious resources are invested
wisely. Boating and marina should be regulated to ensure that standards are in line
with best practices and to raise its profile with the public. A wider range of ancillary
services for boats and boaters should also be offered to attract foreign boaters to
Malaysian shores and to encourage boat ownership among the locals. In creating a
critical mass of local boat owners and enthusiasts, information about the activity
and the related facilities and support services should be made easily available and
accessible to the public. With all these in place, Malaysia would stand a better
chance to compete with other countries in the region which are just as ambitious to
attract more boaters to their marinas.
5.2 OBJECTIVE
a. To provide an assessment of the development strategy of marinas in
Malaysia and the effectiveness of current initiatives to lure the boating
community.
b. To evaluate if the current number of marinas in Malaysia are adequate,
too many, or not enough to sustain viable business operations.
c. To come up with a comprehensive strategy to leverage Malaysia’s
attraction as a premiere boating destination via its marinas, based on an
assessment of the current.
5.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Malaysia’s attraction as a marine leisure destination is undeniable and the country
can boast a string of marinas of international class. However, not all of them enjoy
a satisfactory rate of occupancy nor perform well financially. Part of the reason for
this limitation is that the marinas can only cater for a small percentage of leisure
boats and some only target the exclusive high-end markets, namely the expensive
yachts and luxury boats. To add to this, Malaysia is overshadowed by the
reputation of Phuket in Thailand as a regional centre for international marina
activity, which offers excellent facilities and strategic location. Malaysia is also
facing increasing competition from marinas in neighbouring countries in the
 region. There are also issues involving the lack of strategic planning to develop
marinas in a sustainable manner and the lack of promotion of marinas in Malaysia.
As such, it is essential to conduct an in-depth assessment is conducted to
determine the viability of the present marina development strategy to support the
government’s relentless efforts to make Malaysia a premier marine leisure
destination.
Critics argued that there were more marinas than a country of modest size and
population like Malaysia could sustain and benefit from. They contended that the
spate of marina development in the country had not paid much attention to the
longterm viability and sustainability of their business strategy. This is underlined
by the fact that some marinas, built at huge costs, run the risk of becoming ‘white
elephants’ due to the poor planning of their development and inability to lure
boaters. Some are saddled with poor financial performance; and some have not
even recorded any profit since they started operations. Compounding this is the
perception of several boaters who pointed out that Malaysia did not offer a truly
unique experience and compelling attraction for them to call at our marinas or for
them to recommend them to other boaters.
In addition to these, the country lacks a well-developed plan to develop marinas
and boost boating activities in the country. Although there are several marinas
equipped with facilities of international standards, the country still lacks critical
mass participation in boating. There is also a lack of awareness among the public
about marinas and boating due to poor promotion. Another oft-cited reason
offered in explaining the sluggish public response to boating is that it is an ‘elitist’
pastime which is too expensive for the masses to pursue.16 These are among the
issues – perceived or real - hampering the development and promotion of marina-
based activities that this paper will attempt to address.
5.4 YEAR
24-11-2007
5.5 AUTHOR
Nazery Khalid, Armi Suzana Zamil, Farida Farid & Siti Nazatul Izura Ishak

6. TRADITIONAL SHIP PRODUCTION: CASE STUDY IN KEPULAUAN RIAU‐INDONESIA

6.1 ABSTRACT
Indonesia traditional ship is a product of an indigenous technology developed long
before the advent of western culture along the Coast of Sulawesi Island. The ships
are built traditionally in both method and equipment without any sketches or
calculations. The building expertise is passed down from generation to generation,
a knowledge that is further honed through daily practice with the help of each
builder’s instincts and natural gift. Still built by hand in the traditional manner, these
majestic sailing ships are a living spirit of the golden age of sail, which ended in the
West in the early twentieth century, but still thrives in the waters of Indonesia.
The beauty and efficiency is not a product of technical science, they are a product
of the spiritual nature of these people and their culture. They are at one with their
environment and they follow a path of least resistance in their lives and in their
work. This philosophy contributes to the beauty and efficiency of their ship designs,
and it comes from a basic and simple understanding of the world in which they live.
This philosophy based nature and balance allowed the peoples of the Indonesian
islands to produce solutions to practical challenges long before the societies of
Europe were able to.
6.2 OBJECTIVE
 a. To study the ship production technology, the relationship between
material of the boat and its function.
b. To identify the ship production and design process technology.
c. To determine the shipyard layout and its activities.
d. To introduce the computer application in shipbuilding.
e. To discuss the planning and scheduling of a ship production.

6.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

-
6.4 YEAR
01-2012
6.5 AUTHOR
Jaswar Koto, Syafwan bin Anah

7.
TUKANG TIMBAL MEMBINA PERAHU: TRADISI DAN INOVASI

7.1 ABSTRACT
Tukang timbal are experienced and skilful boat builders. They design and supervise
the process of boat construction from beginning to end. Their products tend to be
greatly traditional in character and motives due largely to the inherited methods
that they apply. This article, based on an in-situ observation and on interviews with
boat-builders in Terengganu, studies the institution of boat-building by covering the
way Malay boat-builders acquire knowledge, polish skills, organize their work, and
the differences they show in their work. We note that they tend to improve and
innovate, despite the fact that they follow closely what was done in the past.
7.2 OBJECTIVE

7.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

7.4 YEAR
2003
7.5 AUTHOR
PISOL MAIDIN

8.
BICARA DUNIA MELAYU : TRADISI PELAYARAN MELAYU

8.1 ABSTRACT
Masyarakat Melayu merupakan masyarakat yang berbudaya maritim, tinggal di tepi
laut atau di tebing-tebing sungai. Mereka bergantung hidup kepada sungai dan laut.
Mereka merupakan pembuat bot atau perahu yang mahir, nelayan yang gigih,
pelaut yang berani, cekap dan cekal serta pedagang yang berjaya. Melalui
pengetahuan yang mereka miliki serta pemerhatian dan pengajaran dari alam
persekitaran, mereka telah dapat memanfaatkannya dengan sebaik mungkin.
Mereka telah berjaya mencipta pelbagai jenis pengankutan air untuk pelbagai
fungsi. Malahan mereka juga telah berjaya menggunakan kesemua peralatan ini
dengan cekap dan berkesan sekali.
Hasil ciptaan mereka turut diminati dan dikagumi oleh orang asing malahan ada di
antara mereka turut menempah bagi memperolehinya. Selain daripada itu
kedapatan juga sebilangan orang asing turut mempelajari ilmu pembuatan perahu
tempatan sehingga sanggup tinggal bertahun-tahun di tempat bot itu dibina.
 Kesemua ini menggambarkan kepada kita tentang kearifan tempatan berkaitan
dengan ilmu kelautan mengenai pengangkutan air. Kesemua ini patut menjadi
perangsang kepada generasi kini dan akan datang agar ianya dapat dikembang dan
seterusnya diperkasakan.
8.2 OBJECTIVE
a. Mengkaji proses menimbal dan mencipta perahu tradisional Melayu.
b. Menentukan hierarki dan peranan kerja dalam institusi pembuatan
perahu.
c. Menilai kreativiti dan inovasi dalam industri pembuatan perahu tradisional
di Pantai Timur.
8.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
a. Timbulnya persepsi bahawa tukang perahu tidak mampu membuat inovasi
dalam menentukan variasi perhu di negara timur.
b. Profesion tukang tidak dianggap berprestij tinggi berbanding dengan
profesion yang lain dalam masyarakat Melayu tradisional.
8.4 YEAR
29-10-2015
8.5 AUTHOR
Mohd Yusof Abdullah

9. ASIAN SHIPBUILDING TECHNOLOGY

9.1 INTRODUCTION
The study of watercrafts, vessels or boats is part of the academic discipline of
maritime archaeology. It is important to remember that such studies are not
exclusively related to shipwrecks and are in fact based on various aspects of
humanity’s past activities on or near water (Muckelroy, 1978). Traditional crafts that
take place along the coast, local boatyards, ports and harbours also form part of the
study area for a maritime archaeologist. By exploring these key areas, we can gain
a more complete understanding of past maritime activities, may they be as a result
of trade, war, exploration or subsistence.
A boat is not constructed only according to its environment, but is also dependent
on the materials available or functional factors that are at the heart of these
maritime activities. The actual construction and use of a boat are essential
components of a society’s economic and social organization, and to understand the
boat in its broader context is just as important as understanding the practical and
technological aspects of it.
This unit, therefore, will examine technological aspects that will provide tools for
describing and interpreting boat finds, as well as offering a broad overview of boat
traditions in the region to provide context and infer comparisons. Looking at or
studying a boat goes further than only describing the number of masts or the types
of fittings contained, nonetheless, a mastering of the diversity of different boat
types and of the terminology and of regional traditions is essential to understand
this technology in a broad setting. Acquiring knowledge of boat technology also
helps to pinpoint data, such as cargo sizes, distances travelled, seaworthiness or
speed that are elements only seldom used in building arguments in history.
Students should also refer to Appendix B: Basic Terminology of Shipbuilding, for a
description of the basic components of watercraft referred to in the text.
9.2 OBJECTIVE
a. Be familiar with specific shipbuilding terminology
 b. Have knowledge of a variety of boat traditions around the globe,
particularly in South-East Asia
c. Be able to identify main features of specific boats, shipbuilding traditions
or cultures
d. Be able to understand a shipwreck or boat remains, interpret and relate its
features to known traditions
e. Appreciate the importance of preserving traditional boats and how much
work is required to increase existing knowledge
f. Be able to apply knowledge into a ‘practicum’ on traditional boat
recording
9.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
-
9.4 YEAR
29-10-2015
9.5 AUTHOR
Mohd Yusof Abdullah