Duhok Polytechnic University

College of Technical Engineering

Department of Petrochemical

LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE

By

Îbrahîm dêwalî
Eng. CHEMISTRY Practical #Ex2
Group.B
Objectives:

 To evaluate and explain the effect of change in

concentration and temperature on the equilibrium
 To interpret the result based on the Le Chatelier's
principle

Introduction:

All reactions are reversible and reach a state of equilibrium in wh

ich the concentration of reactants and products no longer change af
ter enough time (Silberberg, 2010). At themacroscopic viewpoint, t
he reaction seems to have stopped, but this is only because the rate
s of the forward (toward products) and reverse (toward reactants) r
eactions have balanced each otherand become equal. On the molec
ular level, however, these forward and reverse reactionscontinue to
occur. This is why when a stress is applied to a system in equilibri
um, the systemwill change and shift forward or backward. This shi
fting is explained by
Le Chatelier’s principle
,which states that when a stress or disturbance is applied to a syste
m in equilibrium, the system
undergoes a “shift” or net reaction, thus relieving the stress and reg
aining equilibrium.

“Stress”
means a change in temperature, volume, pressure, or concentration
that disrupts the equilibirumstate of a system

1
RE-LABORATORY QUESTIONS:
1.

FeCl3 + KSCN ⇌ Fe(SCN)3 + KCl

2.

FeCl3 + KSCN → Fe(SCN)3 + 3KCl

Test tube 2:when adding FeCl3 the color changed to light orange
Test tube 3: when adding KSCN the color changed to red
Test tube 4: when adding KCl the color changed to orange
3.
Test tube 5: K2CrO4 + 2HCl →2KCl + H2CrO4
When adding HCl the color changed to light orange

Test tube6: K2CrO4+3HCl+NaOH→ 2KO+NaCrO+2H2O + 3Cl

When adding HCland NaOH the color changed to light yellow

Test tube7: K2Cr2O7 +2NaOH → Na2Cr2O7+2KOH

When adding NaOH the color changed to light yellow

Test tube8: K2Cr2O7+ 2NaOH+ 8HCl→ 2KO+2NaCrO+5H2O

+8Cl
When adding NaOH and HCl the color changed to light yellow

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