IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 4 | Issue 2 | July 2017

ISSN (online): 2349-6010

Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic

Bumper
Y. Brahmaiah S. Srikanth
PG Student Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gudlavalleru Engineering College Gudlavalleru Engineering College

P. Prudhvi Raju
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Gudlavalleru Engineering College

Abstract
21st century, the world of hurry and busy, the social media is always in buzz with accidents which will cause loss of life and
property. Drunk and drive, using communication devises while driving and rash driving which are usually does by the carelessness
of the user, on the other hand lack of quality in manufacturing are the causes of these accidents up to greater extinct. There are few
safety equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. bumpers is a main fragment which is attached to front and rear
of an automobile which protects passengers from severe collisions. The normal bumpers made of steel and plastic fails while
greater impacts, and costly to replace after damage. This article deals with special type of bumper which works on electromagnetic
repulsion. The design and modeling of electromagnetic bumper is made of METGLASS rod winded with copper wire which is
connected to DC supply. The model is attached with sensor which detects the opposing vehicle, this triggers the electromagnet to
generate the required electromagnetic field to repulse the force which is generated by vehicle moving with a greater velocity of
33m/sec. To achieve the supporting results the model is embedded with principles of momentum. This model on proper
implementation will enhance the protection by improve the crash worthiness during collision, and also the weight can be altered
so that to attain fuel economy and minimizes the loss life and property.
Keywords: Bumper, Electromagnet, Electromagnetic bumper
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

Since the first automobile was produced, there have been countless innovations in vehicle safety devices. These safety devices are
intended to protect us from every type of injury that could possibly occur resulting from an auto accident. There are few safety
equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. our idea deals with the bumper of a car. A bumper is a structure attached
to or integrated with the front and rear ends of a motor vehicle, to absorb impact in a minor collision, minimizing repair
costs, protect pedestrians from injury. Bumpers offer protection to other vehicle components by dissipating the kinetic
energy generated by an impact.

II. METHODOLOGY

Methodology of this work is concentrated on the development of Electromagnetic bumper to protect passengers and also reducing
the damage of car body during collisions.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW

Our aim is to design a Electromagnetic bumper that absorbs high impacts during collision compare to ordinary bumper, protects
the occupants, Protecting the car bodies from damage during collisions, reduces Cost of repairs, eliminates the replacement cost
of bumper, and also weight of the bumper is very low.

IV. 3 DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF A REGULAR BUMPER

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 Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper
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Fig. 1: various views of a bumper

V. MODELING OF BUMPER IN SOLID WORKS

Our modeling includes design of a bumper in solid works. Bumper of a car modeled according to dimensions of design by Using
Solid Works.

Fig. 3.1: Model of Car Bumper

VI. ANALYSIS OF REGULAR BUMPER IN SOLID WORKS

Analysis of the bumper is carried on explicit dynamics in ANSYS WORKBENCH software 15.0 .the analysis of car bumper is
done on three different conditions. they are
Analysis of car bumper during collision of a wall
The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec
and then hit a wall. The experimental results were recorded and shown below

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 Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper
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Directional deformation

Total deformation

Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Strain

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Analysis of car bumper during collision of another fixed bumper

The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec
and then hit a fixed bumper. The experimental results were

Directional deformation

Total deformation

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 Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper
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Equivalent Stress

Equivalent Strain

Analysis of car bumper during collision of another bumper

The simulated values of deformation, total deformation, stresses and strains of a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33m/sec
and then hit another bumper moving with a same velocity. The experimental results were

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 Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper
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Directional deformation

Total deformation

Equivalent Stress

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Equivalent Strain

VII. COMPARISON OF DEFORMATION AND STRESSES AT THREE DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

Directional deformation Total deformation Equivalent Stresses

Conditions Equivalent strain
(m) (m) (pa)
Bumper hit a wall 0.0001092 1.0957 1.3214e11 1.9331
Bumper hit a fixed bumper 0.0092723 1.338 1.4519e10 0.24729
Bumper hit a another moving bumper 0.49667 0.5303 1.5925e11 1.9559

Different Collision conditions Vs Displacements

Different Collision Condition Vs Displacement

0.6

0.5

0.4
Displacement

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
0 1 2 3

Different Collision Conditions

Different collision condition Vs Equivalent Stresses

Different Collision Condition Vs Equivalent Stresses

1.8e+11

1.6e+11

1.4e+11
Equivalent Stresses

1.2e+11

1.0e+11

8.0e+10

6.0e+10

4.0e+10

2.0e+10

0.0
0 1 2 3

Different Collision Condition

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Different collision condition Vs Equivalent Strains

Different Collision Condtion Vs Equivalent Strains

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

Equivalent Strains
1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0 1 2 3

Different Collision Condition

Based on the above table the deformations and stresses are maximum in the case of bumper hit another moving bumper.
Therefore the impulse force produced during a bumper moving with a velocity of 33.33 m/sec and hit another bumper moving a
with a same velocity.
Impulse force = mass (final velocity - initial velocity) / collision time
= m (v - u) / t
Where
m = mass of the car body in kg
v= velocity of bumper after collision (assume its value is zero)
u = velocity of bumper before collision
Impulse force = 500 (0 - 33.33) / 0.1
= - 166650 N
Electromagnet
An Electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The magnetic field disappears
when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consist of insulated wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire
creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the end areas of the core.
Working principles of Electromagnet
Whenever two magnets of like poles bring close to each other that repels one another. That repelling force is used to make an
Electromagnetic bumper.

Fig. like poles repel

Parts of Electromagnetic bumper

The electromagnetic bumper consists of following main parts. They are
 Electrode
 Battery
 Sensor
 Copper wire

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 Design and Modeling of Electromagnetic Bumper
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Construction of Electromagnetic bumper

Electromagnetic bumper consist of an electrode rod is made of METGLASS material which is winded with copper wire. Ends of
the copper wire are connected to the positive and negative terminal of the battery. This total equipment is activated by the sensor
which is placed on front and rear of an automobile.
Working procedure of Electromagnetic bumper
 When the vehicle faces any obstacle on ward, primarily the sensor senses it.
 Immediately it sends the signal to the battery. Then the circuit will be activated, hence the current flows through the copper
wire.
 Like that magnetic field will be developed in the bumper which was copper winded.
 Hence this bumper acts as a magnet which can repel the obstacle. This magnetic bumper can repel the onward magnetic
bumper that is attached to the obstacle.
 Hence the principle of electromagnet works on both the magnetic bumper.
 It tends to repel against each other so that we can prevent vehicle collisions.
Electromagnetic force = magnetic field intensity * flux
Magnetic field intensity (H) = NI/L
Flux= mmf / reluctance
= (NI) / (L / µA)
Therefore Electromagnetic force = (NI)2 *µA / (L)2
Where
N = Number of turns of wire on the core
I = Current in amperes
µ = permeability of material in Henry / meter
A = cross-sectional area of the core material in m2
L = length of the core in meters
Core Material: Met glass
Permeability (µ) = 1.26 Henry/meter
Density =7.18gm/cm^3
Length = 30 cm
Diameter =5 cm
Impulse force produced during collisions =Electromagnetic force
Impulse force produced during collisions
= (NI) 2 *µA / (L)2
166650 = (NI)2* 1.26*3.14*(0.05) 2 / (0.3)2
(NI)2 = (166650*0.09) / (1.26*1.9634*10^-3)
NI = 2463
Let I= 10 amperes
N*10 = 2463
N =2463 / 10
N=246.3
N=247
Voltage = IR
Where I= current carrying in wire in amperes
R= Resistance of wire in ohms
R= ρ L1/ A
Where
ρ = Resistivity of material
L1 = Length of wire in meters
A = Cross sectional area of the wire
In general copper wire is used for making a Electromagnet
Let I=10 amperes carrying in copper wire of diameter = 2.58826 mm
= 2.58826*10^-3 m
Area = π D2/4
Area = 5.2614*10^-6 m2
For 250 turns, length of the wire = π D * 250
= π *2.58826*10^-3*250
=2.03 m
Resistivity of copper wire=1.6*10^-8 ohm meter
Therefore Resistance = ρL1/A

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Resistance =(1.6*10^-8*2.032) / (5.2614*10^-8)

Resistance =6.488*10^-3 ohms
There are total three electromagnets are used and these rods are connected in parallel then the resistance is total resistance / 3
Resistance = 6.488*10^-3/3
=2.1626*10^-3 ohm meter
Therefore finally, voltage =10*2.1626*10^-3
Voltage =0.02 v
Modeling of Electromagnetic bumper

VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

The Modeling of Electromagnetic bumper is successfully designed. The aim of this project is to modeling an Electromagnetic
bumper that absorbs high impacts during collision compare to ordinary bumper, protects the occupants, Protecting the car bodies
from damage during collisions, reduces Cost of repairs, eliminates the replacement cost of bumper, and also weight of the bumper
is very. Future work will focus on impact analysis of Electromagnetic bumper. . Though this produced an idea for Electromagnetic
bumper, due to unavailability of the analysis software's for Electromagnetism. Idea has to be implemented in terms source of
energy required to apply Electromagnetism in bumper.

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