Hot and cold water supplies Plumbing Engineering Sorvices Des gn Guido ‘he use ofthe appliances are diferent in varying locations, batt wthin a bull, ‘anc winin arerent buldings, Frequency of use This is the time betwesn each use of the appliance. Refer to Tables 14 and 15. Low use dewmad w have 1209 ‘seconde (26 minutes) boswcen cech us ane i appropriate fer shulings, are in ther bullies where appliances are Udocieeted or vat by a sing po‘con, or ‘a smal group af annie, asa private belly Medium use ts deemed to have 600 ‘seconds (10 minutes) berween use, boing applansos that are avallalo to be used by a larger croup of people, as andl ‘whon shey require on arancom Sasis ‘rth 20 set ne constraint, fycaly associated with public use oats High use fe deemed to have 900 seconde (§ Minutes) bolween each uso ‘or applianzes ‘0 be usec by large numbers of persons over a short perio, Ss Would be th case aitin bullings Such es tneatres, concert halls end tee Peried sports events Loading units ‘To account for theae vaviations, a loading unit system has heen devised which takes account of the apaliance type, ls cepaciy low rale, petod of use, and ‘requency of use characteristics, 0 fslablss a caleulaion mottod wich Sall‘acorly reflects a 'maxenum simutanecus design flow tale n lites for ary par ofa pena door systom. This metnoc of calculation should be Table 15 Loading unis JFreweng oe Law Med High ESA! EE Sink, 15em soairintap | 2S 10 Sloe, 2mm api ap z [aa 6 1 iamein ‘show, 1smim neat) ‘Una. sing bowtsta twat, “aren mn tap Hand Sp, Bucket snk, 15mm fas Sing Hoppe Slop Hopper, terry Choos washing nv, dom ssher me doneetic reo) corsicered as representa ve of flow rates, which have rat given rise to ‘complaints of inadequacy. ‘Caro is required wit tho oading uni method of calculation whore usave may bb intensive: This is particularly applicable to fala spots sx0Wers, theatre tolets, and factory wesh rooms, ‘te. where it necessary to establish the Tusly period of constant usage ands prove the flow rata to uk Flow rates To dota ming the design maxi simultanoous flow rato fora epoestic Wwatae asitbvtion systam te felnesng process « necessary. a. Idortiy the type and position of all the applances and equipment requiring 2 water supp}. '. Determine tne pipe routes and location forthe incoming mains. cold B hot water distebuten, an the locations of storage cistemsitanks, and hol water goveratos. Skeich a sealer plan and a Schematic or an somelrc ofthe pipework dist bution and plant yout, 4. {dentty tyoe, positon of al tings, lie couplings, elbows, ‘225 all valves, (solation, service, check, double chetk, pressure reaueing) all sternsfanks ane veseel entry and exit arrangements ©. Identity all lyves of drano fing attaches to appliances and equipment |. Establish the mains presoure avalabl, in motres, ard tha Gstorntank heac avalable in ete. Idertty the index run, ie the furthest ‘andor highest outes, and greatest drawoll vaume, Having establiched items a-g, prcenad to ‘add the sariary ard appliance loading tinits, leading each seation of pipe vita the Fumber of load ng units tnat 1s requred to cary ‘This i best achioved on either a plan cr Isometric of the system. A usstul Aechnique is to use « four-quarter Feme, See Figure 14 “The olpe size at this inal stage is provis ona’ in erdor to enabia tho tealculation to proceed. The provisional pipe size can be establised by Calculating the avaiable head or Pressure in meres heed and diving by the overall longtn of the indax cur, i, the ongsst pipe route vith the Greatest duly and least head or pressure, lus a 90 fectorfor, a his stage an assumed loss through Pings. The result te Tay Figure 14 ys stn tug ‘of the provisional calculation is ahead loss in metres, per metre run of pipe” This figure can be used it the pipe sizing charts lo astabish tho assumed or prov sional pipe size. As the loading unit for each pipe section is established enter the figures inte the caleuletion ehaet S39 Figue 15. Pipe sizing chart defi Pperebeoe Numbered of laterad sections of the ‘system ideritying he start and fivsh Loading units Siltanaous meu damand figte bong cated by tl section ot 3p Hlow ate 14) Litres pe" secend cerved ftom the Foaling unit figu'e Assumed pipe diometer (mn) Nominal ternal diameter estelishee fom the avaiable head divided by the Indax circuit lanath plus 30% for oss trough Binge. Length (md Length of pipe, in metros of ths pipe section being size0, measuring is total route lang Pipa losses (n/m) fr aees oad er mele of spe, taken om the pipo sizing ena Veloy (m/9 Velocity in metros opt eocend ot the nner Hnweng sareugn the pe Being sized, taker tron the pipe sizing chats Pps less (nh) I metres head, being the mutiplcation ‘tthe pipe length ard tha meves heed logs per mete nin of pipe length