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5-2. Given that a commerical airliner has a range of 600 miles using 200 tonnes of JP4 fuel, estimate the range of the aircraft burning either gaseous or liq- uid hydrogen and a. The same mass of hydrogen as JP4, b. The same volume of hydrogen as JP4, ‘The dry mass of the aircraft is 800 tonnes. The fuel properties are as follows: Density Heating value Fuel (ke/m’)—_(ki/ke) spa 8000 45000 Hi (gaseous, ST.P.) 0.0824 120800 H; (liquid, 1 atm) 708 120900 S= Yo tr GE Mm m Zo = 4000. .9,598_mMi For =0. Qpinm 't8,000 Lm 1298 K7eg me @) same fuel mass as JTP4 S = (Api) On tn = 2.598 (29,900) 4 (1988) lé 20 me (b) some fuel volume ase Jeo (i) gaseous ia (ste) Meruel = Mzpy = 2-2824 72, 0.021 ae ere i oi at ci 00 Feanes s = i 0,90 jo0,.02/ __ k ‘ (0-598) ig ore) geo .oet Lame ii) liquid Ho Mel = Fon m. = 8 200) on eu rt geo“ De eases S = (0.598)120,900 Ln git = (582mi 5-3, The idling engines of a landing turbojet produce forward thrust when operat- ing in a normal manner, but they can produce reverse thrust if the jet is prop- erly deflected. Suppose that while the aircraft rolls down the runway at 150 km/h the idling engine consumes air at 50 kg/s and produces an exhaust velocity of 150 m/s. a. What is the forward thrust of this engine? b, What are the magnitude and direction (i.., forward or reverse) if the ex- haust is deflected 90° without affecting the mass flow? . What are the magnitude and direction of the thrust (forward or reverse) after the plane has come to a stop, with 90° exhaust deflection and an airflow of 40 kg/s? ! 150 ke a I u “TT = ma (ue — 4a) st Forward thru me a s4i7N (b) Reverse thrust 5 7i | rom ‘2 | et (<>) =I ! ra o oe ee es es 55. Show that for the ideal turbojet (ail efficiencies equal unity), the exhaust Mach number M, is given by = ET) eter M is the flight Mach number, a is the compressor pressure ratio, i is the ratio of turbine inlet and ambient temperatures, 7 is the ratio of specific heats (assumed constant). The mass flow rates through the compressor and turbine may be assumed equal. @ = cons Ce = Fa. z Ge alr Bt Me | et = %e Bs Bs B eee ee Tubdoe sidlesxcioe .@) Tou [1 — (G8) Fe = Toa, Eee) ts Se =fi- Be ley aye su heat, in © Lh (ose fe egime ]® Adit aa) ' = {1 Relea) TEC eH és} -1| ~ 2 [(Bteew)[t- SE) 5-6. For a given work input per unit mass of fluid and given adiabatic pee tie, how does the actual pressure ratio for a compressor differ from the ideal (isentropic) pressure ratio? Derive an expression that relates the actual pres- sute ratio to the ideal one and 7. As mentioned in Chapter 5, the adiabatic efficiency 7 is usually defined by otuhe 1 hay = he Show the dependence for ne = 0.8, 0.9, and ideal pressure ratio 10 < pas/pm < 30 and y = 1.4. For a diffuser, the adiabatic efficiency cannot be written as a work ratio since the adiabatic work is zero. Using the appropriate definition of adiabatic diffuser efficiency show how the actual ratio of exit stagnation pressure to inlet static pressure depends on the diffuser efficiency and the ideal ratio. Show the dependence for me = 0.9, 0.95, and flight Mach number 0.5

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