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Trinity Ise Iii Read Write C1 TB Guide With Models Web PDF
Trinity Ise Iii Read Write C1 TB Guide With Models Web PDF
SELF-STUDY GUIDE
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SUCCEED IN TRINITY ISE III (C1) - Reading & Writing - Answers Explanations
17. A. The text describes various payment methods, e.g. Questions 26-30
‘card transactions’, ‘payment in exchange for commodi- 26. more convenient. Text A. (par.1) “cards are
ties’ or ‘ancient currencies’. deemed more convenient than bulky coinage.”
18. B. The text discusses children’s spending potential: 27. sizes and formats. Text A. (par.2) “Ancient cur-
“It seems that today’s youngsters are rolling in money” rencies often came in many bizarre shapes, sizes and for-
or that “children today have a disposable income” (par.1). mats, ranging from the edible (salt, peppercorns) to the
Also in par.2: “the government is proposing to teach fi- somewhat impractical (large immovable stones).” They
nance to schoolchildren as young as five years old … per- were not standard. They had very strange (bizarre)
sonal expenditure of young people contributes around £5 shapes or they were very small (e.g. salt) or very big (e.g.
billion annually to the economy.” stones).
19. C. The bar chart shows changes in pocket money in- 28. bodily ornaments. Text A. (par.3) “Some of the
come from 1994 to 2014. more practical currencies, being portable, tended to dou-
20. A. The text refers to practical issues at several ble up as bodily ornaments.”
points: “Portable and lightweight, cards are deemed 29. Multiple sources. Text B. (par.1) “A recent survey
more convenient than bulky coinage.” (par.1). Also in by The Children’s Mutual has revealed that children are
par.2, “Ancient currencies often came in many bizarre now deriving income from multiple sources.”
shapes, sizes and formats, ranging from the edible (salt, 30. in proportion. Text D. Alison says: “Yes, but it’s all
peppercorns) to the somewhat impractical (large immov- about getting things in proportion, isn’t it? Entertainers
able stones).” are important, but doctors and nurses are vital to soci-
ety.” So things are not in proportion because footballers
Questions 21-25 (in any order) are not as qualified as doctors or nurses, whose role is
B. (Text B, par.1) “Whether as a reward for completion vital in society.
of homework or good performance at school, or as an
accumulation of points on a reward chart for good be- Task 3 Article
haviour, children are literally coining in the money.”
E. (Text A, par.4) “Some of the more practical curren- Modern Society and Income
cies, being portable, tended to double up as bodily orna- Nowadays we make card transactions daily without a
ments. … Made from cast iron, the serpent-shaped second thought. We make money and we spend money,
amulets acted as a form of currency whilst supposedly just as societies have always done. But do we appreciate
warding off danger. Similarly, inhabitants of the Demo- the value of money and more to the point, do our children?
cratic Republic of the Congo wore their currency, the
‘Katanga Cross’ around their necks as a decorative orna- If we look at the income of footballers and celebrities, it
ment.” would seem that we have lost our moral compass with
F. (Text C) “Pocket money income from 1996-1998 av- regard to money. Talented as such people might be, such
eraged £1.71p weekly.” In 1996, it was £1.7 a week. In astronomical incomes can never be justified.
1997, it was £1.67 a week, and in 1998, it was £1.76. So
pocket money remained fairly stable during this period. It is small wonder that as adults we have little apprecia-
G. (Text B, par.2) “Probably … personal expenditure of tion of the value of money, since we raise our children to
young people contributes around £5 billion annually to believe that money just grows on trees. A child in 2014
the economy.” for example, enjoyed around a 600% increase in pocket
H. (Text A, par.1) Cards as a form of currency: “In the money compared to what children received in 1994.
modern world, card transactions are invariably favoured
over cash. Portable and lightweight, cards are deemed What’s worse is that not only do we fail to appreciate the
more convenient than bulky coinage.” value of money but we even underestimate the value of
A is incorrect (Text A, par.2) “Historically, people have things such as education and healthcare. This is reflected
assigned monetary value to a diverse range of objects.” in the ridiculously low wages paid to teachers and those
C is incorrect as in Text D, it is stated that “…a top foot- working in the medical profession.
baller earns around £100,000 a week! That’s more than
some top earners get annually!” also “They’re paid to In order for modern society to appreciate the value of
have fun kicking around a ball all day. Doctors and nurses money and assign incomes that reflect ability and worth,
are the ones who should receive huge pay packets. Not we need to teach children about finance from an early
footballers and celebrities!” age. That means educating children at school but also
D is also incorrect as from the bar chart in Text C we see making children work for their pocket money. Only by
that in 2005 pocket money income was at its highest doing this can we as a society reward those who really
level (£8,37 weekly) while in 2014 it dropped to £6,35 deserve it with a good income.
weekly.
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TEST 2
B. is incorrect as in par.2, it is stated, “This has a knock-on
effect, creating crops that are less nutritious, being
deficient in vital minerals.” Also in par.5, “Poor diets of
school children are being made even more nutritionally
Task 1 deficient by the increasing consumption of processed
Questions 1-5 foods, like meat and cheese. A staggering 70-80% of the
1. E. In terms of diet, people in the past were better role food we eat in the West is processed in some way,
models because their diet was better: “In fact, our pres- thereby reducing the mineral and vitamin content of
ent day diet bears little relation to that of our predeces- food.”
sors, which was nutritionally rich… Most at risk are those C. is incorrect as in par.5, it is stated that “Neither are
born from the 60s onwards, who are most likely to schools blame-free for the nutritionally deficient diets of
exhibit the outcome of eating a poor diet.” schoolchildren.”
2. B. People need to grow a variety of crops because G. is incorrect as it is not stated that the effects only
“The favouring of monoculture farming is in direct oppo- become evident in later life. Also, in par.4, it is stated that
sition to nature. Monocultures drain the soil of specific children’s immune system can be weakened resulting in
nutrients that would have been otherwise replaced by ‘susceptibility to disease.’ This implies that it will happen
growing different crops.” while they are children, not adults.
3. D. “The addition of certain minerals to the soil to
stimulate uptake of micronutrients from the earth further
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schools. Money has never been an object at these schools techniques” which are now used in Third World coun-
and similar older schools when it comes to books and re- tries; “space-driven technology” to improve crops;
search materials of every conceivable kind. But media or “more accurate thermometers” in medicine. “And these
learning centres are the centre piece of almost every pri- are just to name but a few of the space-driven technolo-
vate school, small or large.” gies that are currently benefiting mankind.”
G.(par.4) “Choirs, orchestras and drama groups … it is
these extracurricular activities that are the first to be cut Questions 21-25 (in any order)
when a state school finds itself strapped for cash and A. Text A. In text A, the people have conflicting views
needs to tighten its belt.” on space exploration.
C is incorrect. This is not mentioned or implied in the texts. D. Text C. In par.2, and par.3, the writer refers to the
E is incorrect. This comparison is not made in the texts. purification techniques and the environmental benefits
H is also incorrect: “In a private school it’s cool to be respectively.
smart … the smarter you are, the more respect you will E. (Text C, par.3) “It would be folly to put a stop to
get from your peers and the school will do its best to space exploration now when we are beginning to dis-
stretch your intellectual limits.” (par.5) cover so much that will ultimately benefit all of human-
ity.” So the humanity will benefit more from space
Questions 11-15 exploration in the future.
11. pros and cons. (par.1) “It’s a case of weighing up F. (Text C) The developed world: greater yields of
the pros and cons of both systems and deciding what is crops; advances in medicine; valuable data about how our
best, not only for your offspring, but for the entire family.” atmosphere is evolving. The Third World countries:
12. ratios. (par.2) “Teacher to student ratios are typically water purification techniques are preventing disease and
1:8 and class sizes are 10 - 15 students. Why are small class saving lives.
sizes and low teacher to student ratios important?” G. (Texts A & B) Some people from Text A argue
13. three references. (par.3) “Finally they check out against space exploration, and Vera Browning from Text
the three references (or sometimes more) from the B implies that there are people who share the same
candidate’s previous employers to ensure that they are views as her, by saying “I only hope that people like my-
hiring the best candidate for the position.” self will be able to stir up opposition to the space pro-
14. cut. (par.4) “Choirs, orchestras and drama groups grammes…”
… it is these extracurricular activities that are the first to B is incorrect as Text C points out various benefits such
be cut when a state school finds itself strapped for cash as the water purification techniques in par.2.
and needs to tighten its belt.” C is incorrect: “The environmental benefits, too, are
15. intellectual limits. (par.5) “However, at a private wide-ranging, as satellites in orbit provide valuable data
school … the smarter you are, the more respect you will about how our atmosphere is evolving. Data from studies
get from your peers and the school will do its best to of other planetary atmospheres in the solar system help
stretch your intellectual limits.” us to understand ours.” (Text C, par.3)
H is incorrect as none of the texts states or implies this.
Task 2
Questions 26-30
Questions 16-20 26. space colonies. Text A. “I think we may need to
16. B “I felt that I really had to write to voice my objec- form space colonies on other planets soon if we con-
tion over the billions of dollars spent on space explo- tinue to destroy our Earth!”
ration annually.”, “Our health service is in dire need of 27. suffering and poverty. Text C. “Indeed the billions
funds, as is our educational system.” spent on isolated projects do make the vast majority of
17. B. “I only hope that people like myself will be able to people question the morality of such expenditure when
stir up opposition to the space programmes and make there is so much suffering and poverty in the world.”
the government see sense before our country runs out of 28. health (service) and/or education(al) (system).
money for public funding.” The phrase “to stir up opposi- Text B. “Shuttle programme alone amounts to $1.5 bil-
tion” suggests political action. lion per flight, the total cost of NASA’s US Space Shuttle
18. D. “Relative cost of recent Indian Mars missions com- programme amounting to a staggering $200 billion! …
pared to US expenditure for film ‘Gravity’.” or “Gravity Our health service is in dire need of funds, as is our edu-
cost nearly a seventh of the amount spent on the most cational system.” Here it is implied that more money is
expensive mission ($671 million).” spent on space exploration.
19. A. Pros: “I think space travel opens up so many pos- 29. Space Shuttle programme. Text B. “Space Shut-
sibilities for mankind.” Cons: “Waste of money if you ask tle programme alone amounts to $1.5 billion per flight”
me. That money could be spent on better things, like 30. Mars orbiter missions. Text D. The bar chart com-
education.” pares the cost of recent Indian Mars orbiter missions to
20. C. In the second paragraph, space exploration is US expenditure for the film ‘Gravity’. The total cost is
linked to technological advances: “water purification ‘$1,437 million’.
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TEST 4
actually helps developing countries. For example, water
purification techniques that were developed for space
exploration are now being employed in Third World
countries. Humankind has also benefited from space
exploration in many other ways ranging from the devel- Task 1
opment of medicines to increasing crop yield. Questions 1-5
1. B. Most people would not participate in such a project
Those are just the present benefits that we have gained
because “space is a dangerous place for fragile humans”.
from space exploration. In the future, we may gain fur-
The people who take part will have to face “health haz-
ther from money spent on such a venture, as overpopula-
ards, such as extreme temperatures, cramped quarters,
tion leads us to seek alternative planets to inhabit, in the
long periods of isolation and the debilitating physiological
future.
effects of life without gravity”. Therefore, this project is
not for everyone.
Space exploration does not exist therefore just to satisfy
2. F. “Amongst the myriad of hazards associated with
man’s curiosity. It is a valid and vital venture that is and
deep-space travel is prolonged exposure to unrelenting
also will be, of untold benefit to mankind in the future.
cosmic radiation. Such exposure is detrimental to DNA
and can radically change its structure, thereby increasing
Task 4 Letter the risk of diseases, such as cancer … a further problem:
‘Since more people are travelling abroad nowadays, brain damage.”
it is necessary for individuals to have a greater 3. C. Previous studies showed that “radiation exposure
awareness of other cultures.’ Discuss. could cause cognitive impairment leading to the onset of
Alzheimer’s-like dementia later in life.” But “Now, recent
Dear Sir/madam, research has turned up the worrying possibility that such
I recently read your article about the need for people to trauma to the brain may manifest itself much earlier.”
be more aware of different cultures and customs and I 4. A. These physical effects are visible in mice: “As a re-
really couldn’t agree more. sult of exposure to the ‘mind numbing’ effects of radia-
tion, free radical reactions in cells, known to instigate
It is a fact that there are more people travelling today cancer, occurred within milliseconds. The physical effects
than ever before. People from different cultures are sud- of such reactions then became evident within weeks...”
denly being brought into close proximity to one another. 5. D. “… while such findings (regarding the negative
This necessitates a greater awareness of foreign cultures impact on health) are cause for concern, they might not
than previously, both for the sake of etiquette and to be quite as disturbing as they might first appear.”,
avoid offence. “Nevertheless, scientists are pressing ahead with ad-
vanced shielding technologies that could better protect
Furthermore, I think that it is no use going abroad, be- astronauts on long-term missions into deep space. In ad-
having according to the traditions of one’s one culture. dition, Limoli and his team are investigating pharmacolog-
Not only does it demonstrate a degree of ignorance but ical interventions that could protect brain tissue from
also an unwillingness to learn about the country one is cosmic radiation.”
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Questions 6-10 (in any order) sure to the ‘mind numbing’ effects of radiation, free radi-
A. (par.1) “The initial one hundred candidates selected cal reactions in cells, known to instigate cancer, occurred
range from an archaeologist to a singer and a 19-year-old within milliseconds.”
student. Despite the fact that the candidates come from 15. as disturbing as. (par.5) “Nathan Schwadron, As-
many different walks of life…” sociate Professor of Space Plasma Physics at the Univer-
C. (par.2) “Amongst the myriad of hazards associated sity of New Hampshire, believes that while such findings
with deep-space travel is prolonged exposure to unre- are cause for concern, they might not be quite as dis-
lenting cosmic radiation. Such exposure is detrimental to turbing as they might first appear.”
DNA and can radically change its structure, thereby in-
creasing the risk of diseases, such as cancer, developing.”
Task 2
This implies that it is not just prolonged exposure to cos- Questions 16-20
mic radiation that can be detrimental but even short- 16. B. This text includes an exchange of opinions about
term exposure. the usefulness of school subjects in life: “But I can hon-
D. (par.3) According to par.3, in previous studies sug- estly say I’ve never had to use any of it (algebra and
gested that such effects were evident later in life, but geometry) in my life.” … “Maybe if you’d understood it,
now, it is believed that these detrimental effects can you’d find it’s useful after all.” … “there are plenty of
occur earlier “in just a few months”. So that implies that things we learn at school that we don’t realise are rele-
these effects may not be immediately apparent. vant until later in life.”
F. (par.5) “Nevertheless, scientists are pressing ahead 17. D. The bar chart analyses people’s regrets because it
with advanced shielding technologies that could better shows the eight most common skills that the adults who
protect astronauts on long-term missions into deep space were questioned in the poll wished they had learnt at
… investigating pharmacological interventions that could school, and it also shows the percentage of the adults
protect brain tissue from cosmic radiation.” who wished they had been taught each skill.
H. (par.4) “The damage seen in the mice affected was 18. A. “The mid- to late-1960s are known as a time
akin to the defects seen in human brains suffering from when people were questioning the status quo and setting
neurodegenerative conditions which occur over the out alternative visions of how things should be done …
course of ageing.” the origins of Summerhill go back as far as 1921…” (para. 1)
B. is incorrect as these effects are visible: “As a result of 19. C. “…in the third year all pupils spend a day doing
exposure to the ‘mind numbing’ effects of radiation, free work experience at a local company. Two years later, this
radical reactions in cells, known to instigate cancer, becomes a whole week spent with a different com-
occurred within milliseconds. The physical effects of such pany…” (para. 2)
reactions then became evident within weeks...” (par.4) 20. C. “Before they even join the school, prospective
E. is incorrect as in par.5, scientists seem to have a more pupils attend an informal interview at their primary school
optimistic view about space travel health issues: “that to discuss their hopes and preferences for the future. The
while such findings are cause for concern, they might not emphasis on employment continues during the first two
be quite as disturbing as they might first appear … scien- years at Stevendon, then in the third year all pupils spend
tists are pressing ahead with advanced shielding technolo- a day doing work experience at a local company. Two
gies that could better protect astronauts on long-term years later, this becomes a whole week spent with a
missions into deep space.” different company, usually arranged by the students
G is incorrect as in par.2, it is stated that “Such exposure themselves.” (para. 2)
is detrimental to DNA and can radically change its struc-
ture...” Also in par.4, it is stated that “the effects were Questions 21-25 (in any order)
irreversible”. B. (Text A, par.2) “The media labelled Summerhill as a
‘freedom school’ or, less complimentary, ‘the do-as-you-
Questions 11-15 please school.’ Neill himself was often portrayed as a
11. (considerable) reservations. (par.1) “The majority hopeless idealist who encouraged anarchy in the class-
of us, though, would probably have considerable reser- room and the world outside…”
vations in voluntarily committing ourselves to such a D. (Text B) “Tony: I remember when I was at school I
project, as space is a dangerous place for fragile humans.” had to learn stuff like algebra and geometry. After a while
12. myriad of hazards. (par.2) “Amongst the myriad of I just switched off and I never managed to grasp the
hazards associated with deep-space travel is prolonged idea.”
exposure to unrelenting cosmic radiation.” E. (Text B) Tina says, “More generally, though, as a lot of
13. complex maintenance tasks. (par.2) “…how can people say, there are plenty of things we learn at school
astronauts operate highly sophisticated equipment and that we don’t realise are relevant until later in life.”
perform complex maintenance tasks if they suffer cog- F. (Text C, par.3) “Head Teacher Muriel Greenwood be-
nitive impairment to any degree?” lieves it’s money well spent.” She says: “Schools often
14. within milliseconds. (par.4) “As a result of expo- think they’re fulfilling their commitments by offering final
year pupils a lesson every week, taught by existing staff
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… Teachers aren’t trained to be careers advisors, so we cover our room or basic maths to add up a grocery bill,
bring in professional help.” the skills we learnt at school are invaluable.
H. (Text D) From the bar chart, in Text D, which points
out the eight most common life skills that people wish The sad truth is, however, that few of us actually use such
they had taught at school, we can see that four are about skills when we grow up. We resort to calculators to per-
finance: “Managing household budgets”, “How loans and form basic calculations or call in a professional to carry
interest work”, “The process of buying a house”, “Open- out D.I.Y tasks that involve numerical skills.
ing a bank account”.
Furthermore, as adults, we discover to our dismay that
A is incorrect because in the text it is not mentioned
our schools neglected to teach us the very things that we
whether people now realise that his ideas were ahead of
need to know, such as how loans work and basic electrics.
their time.
C is incorrect as in Text A in the last paragraph, it is In some ways, therefore, schools leave us woefully
stated that “In contrast, Summerhill graduates left the equipped for adult life. Maybe schools would do better to
school with a sense of self-worth and a range of what take a leaf out of the books of alternative schools such as
business people now value as “soft skills”, like communi- Summerhill and teach real life skills such as communica-
cation, empathy and teamwork.” So we can say that one tion, empathy and teamwork. Better still, teach students
aim of the school was to make its students more confi- about work by placing them in work placements where
dent and to equip them with necessary skills in order to they can learn about real life.
succeed at work.
G is also incorrect. “Almost half of adults (not students) in Task 4 Letter
a recent poll said...” The decline in quality of TV programmes
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ever, to the uninitiated: the interpretation of body lan- usual sleeping patterns are not merely the province of ge-
guage is not infallible, since several factors may obfus- niuses and high achievers; lesser mortals, too, may re-
cate non-verbal messages and how they are interpreted.” quire seemingly excessive or minimal amounts of sleep.”
F is incorrect because this statement is not mentioned or
Task 2 implied in the texts.
Questions 16-20 H is incorrect because in Text A (last sentence), it is
stated that “psychological counselling could also prove
16. C. Text C illustrates the sleep requirements for dif-
useful when medical intervention fails.”
ferent age groups.
17. A. The text informs the reader of the different sleep-
ing disorders, which can be grouped into four main cate- Questions 26-30
gories: “problems falling and staying asleep (insomnia), 26. underlying physiological problem. (Text A,
problems staying awake (excessive daytime sleepiness), par.2) “However, when any of the conditions become
problems sticking to a regular sleep schedule (sleep chronic, it is time to seek medical attention, since some
rhythm problem) and unusual behaviours, such as sleep- disorders, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, may re-
walking during sleep (sleep-disruptive behaviours).” veal an underlying physiological problem, such as a low
18. B. The text offers advice to people who have diffi- thyroid function.”
culty in sleeping, e.g. to eliminate caffeine and to learn to 27. psychological counselling. (Text A, par.2) “Other
breathe deeply. disorders, such as insomnia, are often stress-related and
19. D. The text refers to some famous people’s sleeping so psychological counselling could also prove useful
patterns to illustrate how adults’ sleeping patterns vary: when medical intervention fails.”
“The link between Napoleon, the late former UK Prime 28. need more sleep. (Text C) “Teens may need more
Minister, Margaret Thatcher, and Leonardo da Vinci is not sleep” than the number shown in the bar chart.
immediately apparent. However, all fell within extreme 29. bedtime gets later. (Text C) “7-12 years; Bedtime
ends of the sleeping spectrum.” gets later”
20. D. “His (Leonardo da Vinci’s) contributions to the 30. extreme. (Text D, par.1) “The link between
world of technology and art made him an outstanding in- Napoleon, the late former UK Prime Minister, Margaret
dividual and so it seems fitting that Leonardo failed to Thatcher, and Leonardo da Vinci is not immediately
conform to the normal sleeping habits of ordinary peo- apparent. However, all fell within extreme ends of the
ple, either.” sleeping spectrum.”
Abnormal Sleep Regulators It can be seen therefore, that the advantages of technol-
1. Environmental Factors ogy far outweigh the disadvantages. Technology is also
Stress from work or family demands can severely disrupt now part and parcel of modern society and has become
sleep. indispensable to our way of living.
TEST 6
2. Behavioural Factors
Consumption of caffeine-laden drinks, like tea and coffee
inhibits sleep. Not having a routine to ‘wind down’ before
bed can also interfere with sleeping.
Task 1
How to remedy abnormal sleeping patterns Questions 1-5
Sleep disruption caused by environmental and behav- 1. C. “However, recent research would seem to suggest
ioural factors can however, be remedied. Stress can be that not only is a solid block of sleep unnecessary, but it
managed by consciously de-stressing one’s life and by may also be detrimental to our health. Tossing and turn-
adopting ‘winding down’ techniques before bedtime, like ing in our beds at night trying to get back to sleep once
taking a hot bath. Bad lifestyle habits like excess caffeine awake, it appears, is actually going against our internal
consumption can be remedied by eliminating coffee and body rhythm.”
tea from one’s diet. 2. F. “Recent research on non-consolidated sleep has
shown that humans didn’t always sleep for 8 hours con-
Conclusion
secutively … Roger Ekrich, a historian from Virginia Tech
External factors disrupting sleep can be dealt with quite
University US, who conducted the research, supports his
effectively. However, disrupted sleep patterns caused by
findings with historical evidence from sources as diverse
chronic health problems, require medical attention.
as Homer’s Odyssey to tribes indigenous to Nigeria.
Within medical books, literature and diaries there is
evidence, claims Ekrich, of bimodal sleep patterns which
Task 4 Essay have now all but disappeared in modern society.”
‘Technology on the whole, has greatly improved our 3. B. “Wehr found that subjects, placed in a darkened
quality of life.’ Do you agree? room for 14 hours a day for a month, naturally adopted a
bimodal sleep pattern. The subjects would sleep for
Undoubtedly technology facilitates our everyday lives and
around 4 hours, awaken for a few hours, then return to
can be essential to our very existence. However some
sleep until morning.” According to Dr Ekrich, this
believe that our lives would be less complicated without
“bimodal sleep pattern” is “our natural sleeping rhythm”
modern technology. So who is right?
which “began to disappear around the turn of the 18th
Certainly, the advent of advanced technologies has led to century.”
more stressful lifestyles today. Technology has increased 4. E. The paragraph associates changes in sleep patterns
the pace of life both in the workplace and in our every- with some historical events such as the advent of the Indus-
day lives. The invention of faster transport allows us to trial Revolution, or the introduction of electric lighting.
reach our destinations faster, causing us to schedule in 5. A. The paragraph offers some practical advice:
more appointments, to fill time freed up by travelling less “According to Dr. Ekrich, what we should be doing in-
hours. stead (of trying to sleep) is getting up, walking around for
a couple of hours or working, then sleeping until daylight.”
Similarly, in the workplace, modern technologies, such as
computers, allow us to work faster, leading to increased Questions 6-10 (in any order)
expectations of what workload can be accomplished in B. (par.2) The paragraph refers to the ancestors to
any given time, again leading to stressed-out employees. show the regular sleep pattern adopted: “our ancestors
In addition, mobiles and the internet are another source preferred to sleep an initial 3-4 hours, stay awake for a
of stress, allowing us to be theoretically on call 24/7 to couple of hours, then sleep the same amount of time
the outside world. again until daybreak, this bimodal pattern of sleep
occurring within a 12-hour time frame.”
However it would be folly to dismiss modern technolo- C. (par.4) “Changes in sleep patterns coincided with the
gies on the grounds that they induce stress. The benefit advent of the Industrial Revolution. The mechanisation of
of technologies such as improved transport has made our life made people more aware of using time effectively.
lives easier and richer in many ways. Worldwide destina- Also the introduction of electric lighting enabled people
tions, exotic or otherwise can now be reached fairly eas- to stay up longer, later, thereby further disrupting (nat-
ily. With regard to scientific technology, many inventions ural) sleeping patterns.”
have increased our longevity and quality of life, by effec- E. (par.5) “According to Dr. Ekrich, what we should be
tively tackling previously life-threatening illnesses and doing instead is getting up, walking around for a couple of
medical disorders. hours or working, then sleeping until daylight.”
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Questions 11-15
Questions 21-25 (in any order)
11. sleep disturbance. (par.1) “Indeed, sleep problems
C. (Text A, par.1) “Highly tailored and interactive
are so prevalent in the West that up to 30% of patients
blended learning solutions designed to provide interna-
treated by GPs are believed to have problems stemming
tional personnel, in every function, with the required
from sleep disturbance.” They are wrong to believe so
skills, knowledge and tools to develop both general and
because “… recent research would seem to suggest that
culture specific intercultural business skills.”
not only is a solid block of sleep unnecessary, but it may
D. (Text D, par.3) “Body language accounts for a stag-
also be detrimental to our health. Tossing and turning in
gering 55% of the impression others form of us…”
our beds at night trying to get back to sleep once awake,
E. (Text B, par.1&2) “It’s these non-verbal cues that
it appears, is actually going against our internal body
make a potential employer decide to employ you or not.”
rhythm.”
(par.1). Also in par.2: “Some potential employers state
12. be detrimental. (par.1) “However, recent research
that they can size up an interviewee within just 30 sec-
would seem to suggest that not only is a solid block of
onds of their entering the interview room and that’s be-
sleep unnecessary, but it may also be detrimental to our
fore they even start talking!”
health.”
G. (Text C) “appearance (e.g. untidiness)”
13. historical evidence. (par.2) “… this bimodal pat-
H. (Text C) “sounds (e.g. laughing)”
tern of sleep occurring within a 12-hour time frame.
A is incorrect because in Text D (par.1) it is stated that
Roger Ekrich, a historian from Virginia Tech University
“Many people are simply unaware of how important
US, who conducted the research, supports his findings
body language is. If we better understood how our ges-
with historical evidence from sources as diverse as
tures and other forms of non-verbal communication
Homer’s Odyssey to tribes indigenous to Nigeria.”
were being interpreted by other people, we would defi-
14. (scientific) sleep experiments. (par.3) “Interest-
nitely be more guarded in our body language.”
ingly, Ekrich’s research appears to be supported by ear-
B is incorrect as in Text B, it is stated: “Wondering why
lier scientific sleep experiments conducted in the 1990s,
you failed to get a job interview? You’re not the only one.
by psychiatrist, Thomas Wehr, former chief to the Clinical
In fact, it is often something that you’re not saying but
Psychobiology branch of the National Institute of Mental
doing that is to blame. Forget all those ‘trick’ questions
Health.”
that you prepared your answers for…”
15. natural sleeping patterns. (par.4) “Changes in
F is incorrect as in Text D, it is stated that the voice is
sleep patterns coincided with the advent of the Industrial
“second in importance” (par.3).
Revolution. The mechanisation of life made people more
aware of using time effectively. Also the introduction of
electric lighting enabled people to stay up longer, later,
thereby further disrupting natural sleeping patterns.”
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Section 2 B.
Exercise 1 1 Text C
1 Paragraph 3 2 Text B
2 Paragraph 2 3 Text D
3 Paragraph 1 4 Text A
4 Paragraph 5
5 Paragraph 4 C.
1 Text C
Exercise 2 2 Text A
1F 2F 3T 4F 5T 3 Text D
4 Text B
Exercise 3
1 T 2 F 3 NG Exercise 2
16 Text D
Exercise 5 17 Text C
1T 2T 3F 4 NG 5 NG 18 Text A
19 Text B
Exercise 6 20 Text C
6B/C/D/F/H
7B/C/D/F/H Section 2
8B/C/D/F/H
Exercise 1
9B/C/D/F/H
21 B / C / E / F / H
10 B / C / D / F / H
22 B / C / E / F / H
Section 3
23 B / C / E / F / H
24 B / C / E / F / H
Exercise 1 25 B / C / E / F / H
oblivious to - unaware of
intrusive - invasive of privacy Exercise 2
covertly - secretly 1C 2C 3A
borne of - resulting from 4C 5A 6C
oppressive - prohibitive
know-how - expertise Exercise 3
deterrent to - persuasion against 21 A / B / F / G / H
reap dividends - prove beneficial 22 A / B / F / G / H
crucial - important 23 A / B / F / G / H
24 A / B / F / G / H
Exercise 2 25 A / B / F / G / H
11 unaware of
12 secretly Section 3
13 expertise
Exercise 1
14 important
unwieldy - portable
15 resulting from
vulnerable - protective
radical- conservative
obsolete - in use
risen - decreased
adherence to - departure from
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Exercise 2 Exercise 5
A. A.
1 Text B Paragraph 1: B
2 Text D Paragraph 2: A
3 Text A Paragraph 3: B
4 Text C
Argument Essay
B. and C. Pre-reading
A. protected 2 Exercise 1
B. portable 1
C. in use 3 TEXT A
D. conservative 4 Note: profit made on designer clothes: real cost compared to
E. decreased 3 manufacturing cost and retail price.
F. departure from 4
Exercise 3
Exercise 3 1 However
26 exemplified by 2 So
27 printing press 3 not to mention
28 face-to-face 4 first and foremost
29 volume of 5 Moreover
30 rapid growth 6 therefore
Exercise 4
26 a residential area
27 scans for
28 unsightly bulk
29 in touch
30 indispensable
TASK 3
Exercise 1
1 Text D
2 Text B
3 Text C
4 Text A
Exercise 2
1 Text A
2 Text B
Exercise 3
A.
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 3
B.
i Text A
ii Text B
iii Text A
C.
C, D, E, F, G
Exercise 4
A.
1 study / scientific / written
2 wealth / information / knowledge
3 benefit / attending / held
4 survive / globalisation / norm
5 Fluency / demonstrates / commitment
6 culture / lyrics / annoying
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Questions 6-10
6 B 7 D 8 F 9 G 10 H TEST 3
Task 1
Questions 11-15
Questions 1-5
11 deservedly maligned
1 Paragraph 1: E
12 negative connotations
2 Paragraph 2: C
13 trustworthy / likeable
3 Paragraph 3: F
14 meaningful social benefits
4 Paragraph 4: A
15 social order
5 Paragraph 5: D
Questions 21-25
21 A 22 D 23 E 24 F 25 G
TEST 2
Task 1 Questions 26-30
Questions 1-5 26 space colonies
1 Paragraph 1: E 27 suffering and poverty
2 Paragraph 2: B 28 health (service) and / or education(al) (system)
3 Paragraph 3: D 29 Space Shuttle programme
4 Paragraph 4: F 30 Mars orbiter missions
5 Paragraph 5: A
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 D 8 E 9 F 10 H
Questions 11-15
11 Degenerative diseases / Chronic disease patterns
12 less nutritious / nutritionally deficient
13 to blame
14 the immune system
15 is processed
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 C 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 B
Questions 21-25
21 A 22 C 23 D 24 E 25 F
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TEST 4 TEST 6
Task 1 Task 1
Questions 1-5 Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: B 1 Paragraph 1: C
2 Paragraph 2: F 2 Paragraph 2: F
3 Paragraph 3: C 3 Paragraph 3: B
4 Paragraph 4: A 4 Paragraph 4: E
5 Paragraph 5: D 5 Paragraph 5: A
Task 2 Task 2
Questions 16-20 Questions 16-20
16 B 17 D 18 A 19 C 20 C 16 D 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B
TEST 5
Task 1
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: D
2 Paragraph 2: C
3 Paragraph 3: B
4 Paragraph 4: F
5 Paragraph 5: A
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 B 8 E 9 F 10 G
Questions 11-15
11 in conflict with
12 overtly communicating
13 additional information
14 distancing or reinforcing
15 is not infallible
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 C 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 D
Questions 21-25
21 B 22 C 23 D 24 E 25 G
Questions 26-30
26 underlying physiological problem
27 psychological counselling
28 need more sleep
29 bedtime gets later
30 extreme
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