Coiled Tubing Drilling

MK0122
 Coiled Tubing Directional
Drilling Capabilities
• GOAL: Achieve results similar to conventional
drilling for:

– Drilling Lateral Sections

– Drilling Build Sections

– Changing Direction
Basic Coiled Tubing Drilling BHA

CT Connector, Check Valves,

Hydraulic Disconnect, Circulating
Sub, Non-rotating Joint, Float Sub
Directional/Gamma
MWD

Coiled Tubing Mud

Motor
Orienter

Equalizing Sub
 Directional /Gamma
Coiled Tubing MWD
306 -in
(25 -ft 6 -in)
37.5 -in 8 -in

3.25 -in 2.875-in

OD OD

FLOW PULSER TURBINE GAMMA PROBE DIRECTIONAL PROBE CENTRALIZERS

5 -ft TO
DIRECTIONAL
SENSORS

14.5 -ft
TO GAMMA
SENSORS
 Measurement While Drilling

• Started with existing 3-1/2" Directional/Gamma

• Sonde design allowed OD reductions

• Shortened collars

• Software modified for CT operation

• Incorporating Short Radius technology

 CTD MWD Specifications
CT MWD Standard MWD
OD (in.) 3.25 / 2.875 3.5 flex
Length (ft.) 25.5 36
Dir. Measure Pt. from end of MWD 5 13
Gamma Measure Pt. from end of MWD 14.5 22.5
Top Box Connection 2-7/8 Stub Acme Mod 2-3/8 IF (NC26)
Bottom Connection 2-3/8 CS Hydril Box 2-3/8 IF Pin
Flow Rate Range (gpm) 80-160 80-200
Pressure Drop (psi) 120 120
Max. Temperature (deg. C / deg. F) 140 / 284 140 / 284
Max. Working Pressure (psi) 15,000 15,000
Max. Dogleg Severity (0 / 100 ft.) 35 30
Power / Telemetry Turbine / Positive Turbine / Positive
Toolface Update Time Max./Avg. (sec) 9 / 23 9 / 23
Real-time Gamma Update Max./Avg. (sec) 14 / 35 14 / 35
Recorded Gamma Update Max./Min. (sec) 10 / 95 10 / 95
Full Survey Time (sec) 190 190
Short Survey Time (sec) 118 118
Running Short Survey Update Time (min) 5.4 5.4
 New Tools

• Coiled Tubing Orienter

– Required to orient bend

– MWD must rotate in unison with bend

– Operates on pressure drop

• Equalizer Sub
 Coiled Tubing Orienter Design

• Driven by Pressure Drop below tool

– No need for wireline (better hydraulics)

– No need to cycle CT (less fatigue)

• Indexes 20° every pump cycle

• Piston + Helical Cam design with ratchet

 Coiled Tubing Orienter

Internal Annulus Port to

Pressure Pressure Pumps Off, Reset Annulus

Drive Helical Return Balance Output

Piston Cam Ratchet Spring Oil Piston Shaft

Pumps On, Indexing

CTD Equalizer Sub
 Orienter Specifications
3" OD 3-5/8" OD
Orienter Orienter

Length 7.5 ft 9.5 ft

Rotation/Cycle 20° 20°

Max Torque @ 250 ft-lbs 400 ft-lbs

600 psi ∆P

Max Torque @ 500 ft-lbs 800 ft-lbs

1000 psi ∆P

Max ∆P 1500 psi 1500 psi

 Directional Learning Curve

• Drilling the Lateral

– Must orient left/right - no rotation

– “Meandering” increases drag

– 1966 ft. lateral drilled

– Only limited reach in 2 wells

– Geologic factors
 Well No. 9 Survey Plot
Vertical Projection

8600
TVD (ft)

8809.7
TVD at TD 11,628 -ft TD
8900
4000 4300 4600 4900 5200 5500

Vertical Section (ft)

at N 2 deg 11 min W
 Well No. 9 Survey Plot
Horizontal Projection
Latitude (ft)
4000 4300 4600 4900 5200 5500
700 North
Departure (ft)

400

11,628 -ft TD

100
East
 Directional Learning Curve

• Drilling the Build Section

– 38°/100' build rate achieved w/1650' lateral

– Goal: Intermediate/Short Radius

(45° - 55°/100')

– MWD: Flexible connectors, shorter probes

• Orienting against the curve - 25°/100'

Thru-Tubing Sidetrack
Cement Plug Kickoff

4-1/2" Tubing
XN Nipple, milled to 3.8" ID
4-1/2" Tubing Tail @ 10,056 ft.
KOP 10,140 ft. @ 33.5º INC
3-3/4" Open Hole
2-7/8" Liner

Laterals 1000 – 1966 ft.

7" / 9-5/8" Casing

Coiled Tubing Drilling Experience
40
B
1650
1966
828
B
1204
B B
Build Rate (º/100 ft.)

30
B B
675
515

198 579 950

20 B B B
B B 983
315

1000
10 B
495 800
244 488 571 725 921
0 B B B BB B
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Horizontal Displacement (ft.)
 Lessons From Alaska
IADC/SPE 35128 Excerpts
• High Low-shear-rate viscosity improves
cuttings transport
– Solids kept below 1%
– Backream: across doglegs and on short trips
(every 50-100 ft.)
– Drill rates in soft sands limited to 75 ft. / hr.
to prevent buildup
• Less aggressive PDC bits, non-mag motors
• Depth control: use Gamma Ray to tie-in log to monitor
• Economics: 40% savings in 1995
– Driving force: Thru-tubing applications
with accessible targets
 CTD Wells Through 1996
30 30

25

20
WELLS

15

10

5
5
3
1 1 1
0
Alaska Long Other O/S Mexico UAE
Beach U.S. Holland
 CTD Statistics
• 41 wells to date (12/96)

• Over 36,000 ft. drilled / Over 25,000 ft. horizontal

• Over 300 bit/mill runs

• 1966 ft. – Longest horizontal section

• 25 windows, 24 MR curves, 32 horizontals

• 2 liner orientations – Longest 2100 ft.

• 1 oriented acid job

 Conclusions

• Directional drilling capabilities have improved

• New technology has been instrumental

• Lateral Sections of 1966 ft. can be drilled

• Build Sections of 38°/100 ft. can be drilled

• Turns in 25°/100 ft. curve can be done

• Global experience is expanding