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ABSTRACT: Natural dyes are those dyes obtained from natural sources. The majority of natural dyes are usually collected from
roots, berries, bark, leaves, wood, fungi and lichens. Usually in ancient days people have dyed their textiles by using locally available
materials. Cold extraction for crude dyes extraction from Cucurbita pepo leaves. Theextract obtained quantitatively from cold
extraction method was 6.81g and 2.27g respectively from 100g and 50g of C. pepo dry mass taken in 750ml and 500ml of ethanol
solvent.6 components/functional groups were confirmed in crude dye fractioned with n hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate but only
4 components/functional groups were confirmed in crude dye fractioned with acetone.
INTRODUCTION
Natural dyes are those dyes obtained from natural sources. The majority of naturaldyes are usually collected from roots, berries, bark,
leaves, wood, fungi and lichens.Usually in ancient days people have dyed their textiles by using locally available materials. Woad,
indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economics of Asia and Europe.A large
number of investigations on extraction of colorants from natural sources like plants, microbes, insect and animals and their different
kinds of applications have been done till date. In functional finishing oftextiles, coloration of food and dyesensitized solar cells natural
dyehas already appliedShahid& Islam (2013). According toGrifoniet al. (2011)with naturaldye fabrics made of vegetable fibres has
role in UV protection. Textiles offered a safestprotection from (UV) radiation exposer with the use of natural dyesincrease the UV
protection of fabrics madeof vegetable fibre.A pumpkin is a gourd-like squash of thegenus Cucurbita belongs to the
familyCucurbitaceaeCucurbita pepo or pumpkins are widely grown for commercial use and having good values in both food and
recreation. This family consists of 125 generaand 960 species, mainly in tropicaland subtropical regions. Since long time efforts have
been made by variousscientists to develop an efficient extractiontechnique for natural dye extraction.Baliarsinghet al.(2012) has
isolated principal colour compounds such as flavonoids and tannin moietiesfrom two plant species (SaracaasocaandAlbizialebbeck),
using solvent extraction method and standardised dyeing techniques, identified colourcomponents and checked their
potentialantimicrobial properties against commonhuman pathogens. Hee-OckBooaet al (2012). extracted and characterized
somenatural plant pigments and their use for cosmetics and determined antioxidantactivities, total polyphenols and flavonoids, and
antimicrobial effects of some plant pigments.Natural pigment from the petals of the Flame of forest(Buteamonosperma) flower under
differentoperating conditions such as extraction time,temperature and mass of the petals conventional extraction technique were
extracted by by Sinha et al (2012). In the present study crude dyes are extracted from C. pepo leaves by cold extraction method. The
fractionation of the dye was done with various solvents andanalysed by simple chromatographic technique.
It is noted from the literature that the extractconcentration increases due to increasing temperature. Hot extractionis better than cold
extraction because it`s arapid process of extraction, extraction isgood due to the involvement of temperature and due to the use offilter
paper in hot extraction no filtration is required. Usually a lowboiling solvent like n-hexane are used in hotextraction methods. Though
hot extraction is better than cold extraction when quantitative yield is considered but in the sense of cost efficacy and availability cold
extraction is better than hot extraction as cold extraction canbe carried out in a simple pot but for hotextraction a heating source,
condenser,round bottom flask and the most importantelectricity is required.
Table1.Quantitative production of crude extract of the leaves of C. pepo using ethanol solvent.
S.no Sample Solvent volume Weight of Weight of beaker Weight of extract
weight (g) (ml) beaker (g) +extract (g)
1 100 750 161.83 168.64 6.81
2 50 500 161.83 164.10 2.27
Table 2. Quantitative production of crude extract of the leaves of C. pepo using n-hexane solvent
. Sample weight Solvent volume Weight of beaker Weight of beaker Weight of extract
(g) (ml) (g) +extract (g)
50 500 35.18 37.66 2.48
6components/functional groups were confirmed in crude dye fractioned with n hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate but only 4
components/functional groups were confirmed in crude dye fractioned with acetone. Maximum Rfvalues were observed
forchloroform, like Rf1 for chloroform is 0.92 cm. For n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone were 0.98cm, 0.85cm and
0.56cmrespectively. All fractions except acetone, 6spots were observed on developed TLCwhile acetone has 5 spots on
developedTLC. Similar results have been observed by Shah et al. 2013.
Conclusion
From the experiment it can be concluded that the cold extraction method is more suitable while cost and availability is concerned but
hot water extraction method is more rapid. Among all samples while 100 gm sample is dissolved in 750 ml the crude extract will be
more.The crude dye fractionation with different solvents in TLC showedinmajor thedye has six distinct components.
REFERENCES
[1] Shahid, M.&Ul-Islam, S. (2013). Recent advancements in natural dye applications. Journal ofCleaner Production, 53: 310–331.
[2] Grifoni D.,Bacci, L.,Zipoli, G., Albanese, L. and Sabatini, F.(2011). The role of natural dyes inthe UV protection of fabrics made of vegetable
fibers. Dyes and Pigments, 91: 279–285.
[3] Baliarsingh, S., Panda, A. K., Jena, J., Das, T. & Das, N. B. (2012). Exploring sustainable techniqueon natural dye extraction from native
plants for textile: identification of colourants, colourimetric analysis of dyed yarns and their antimicrobial evaluation. Journal of Cleaner
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[4] Booa H.O., Hwangb, S. J.,Baec, C. S., Parkc, S. H. ,Buk-GuHeod&Gorinsteine, S. (2012).Extraction and characterization of some natural
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[5] Sinha K., SahaaP.D. ,Datta B. S. (2012). Extraction of natural dye from petals of Flame of forest(Buteamonosperma) flower: Process
optimization using response surface methodology(RSM). Dyes and Pigments, 94: 212–216.
[6] Shah, N., Farman, S., Hussain,Z., Arain,M. B. &Sulaiman Sham, S. (2013). Pakhtunkhwa J. Life Sci. 1 (03):130-144