Professional Documents
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Technical TRG Manual PDF
Technical TRG Manual PDF
Manual
INDEX
3. Formwork
4. Concrete Technology
6. Introduction to Contracts
8. QA/QC on site
13. Finishes
Step 1:
At the beginning of the financial year the schedule for the training is sent
to all GM’s and the HR heads in the regions. Care is taken to see that
only one training is conducted in a region per month.
Step 2:
The master trainer list is sent to all regions along with a request to
choose the regional trainers. The regional trainers in future will take over
from the master trainers and conduct training for their respective
regions. The presentation for the training module will be prepared by the
Master Trainer which will remain as standard across regions.
Step 3:
At the beginning of each month a mail is sent out from the HO Technical
Training department reminding them of the training to be conducted in
the region for that month. Consent is also taken from the GM regarding
the training.
Step 4:
The participant list is sent by the RO to the HO for information.
Step 5:
The training is conducted on the date as agreed by the RO. After the
training is over feedback is taken from the participants. A short test is
conducted by the trainer to assess the comprehension of the training.
Step 6:
The feedback form, test papers are sent to the HO by the RO. The data
on the same is compiled at the HO and records are maintained.
Step 7:
Three months after the training is conducted a training effectiveness
form is sent to the RO to be forwarded to the superior of the participant.
The form tries to capture the improvement of the individual on site after
training. The forms are compiled in the HO and a report goes out to the
region giving them a complete insight into the training
Formwork
Key Features:
1. Introduction
(a) What is formwork?
(b) Requirements of good formwork
(c) Materials used in Formwork
(d) Factors to be considered in design
2. Timber Formwork
(a) Components of Timber Formwork
(b) Design of formwork for footings
(c) Design for Columns
(d) Design for Walls
(e) Design for beam sides / bottoms
(f) Design for slab soffits
6. Quality Requirements
(a) Checking line, level, plumb and finish in footings, columns,
walls, beams, slabs
(b) Corrective measures
(c) Special care for water tight structures, pumping
7. Deshuttering
(a) Deshuttering period for various elements
(b) Sequence of deshuttering of slab soffits
8. Planning of Formwork
(a) Understanding of cycle time and repetitions
(b) Wall beams and slabs
9. Productivity
(a) Understanding shuttering usage Ratio, Labour productivity
(b) Measures to increase productivity
Key Features:
Curriculum:
1) Concrete
(a) Constituents of concrete
(b) Introduction to different types of cement
(c) Introduction to additives
(d) Properties and requirements of concrete (As per IS)
- Durability
- Workability
- Density
2) Mix design for concrete
(a) Introduction to design of mix
(b) Effect of variation in constituents
(c) Design for waterproof concrete
(d) Fly Ash concrete
(e) Temperature controlled concrete
3) Mixing of concrete
(a) In Mixers
(b) Using mini batching plants
(c) Batching plants
7) Quality Assurance
(a) Cube Test for compressive strength
(b) Slump tests
(c) Other tests
i) Cores
ii) NDT
iii) Ultrasound
iv) Hammer rebound
8) Post Concrete
(a) Curing
i) vertical surfaces like columns, walls
ii) horizontal surfaces like slabs, footings
(b) Rectification
i) Minor honeycombing
ii) Major honeycombing
iii) Grouting
iv) Bulging
v) Leakage in water retaining structures/slabs
9) Productivity
(a) Productivity expected from batching plants
(b) Labour productivity – manual and pumped concrete
(c) Measures to increase productivity
11) Safety
(a) Use of PPE
(b) Precaution when working at Heights
Key Features:
4. Handling of Equipment.
5. Safety
9. Customer Relationship
(c) Deshuttering
Deshuttering period for various Elements
2. Reinforcement
(a) Detailing of reinforcement in:
(i) Footings
(ii) Columns
(iii) Walls
(iv) Beams
(v) Slabs
(b) Quality Requirements
(i) Checking dia size, spacing, cover and lap length
(c) Preparation of Bar bending schedules
(d) Reinforcement Planning
(i) Labour Productivity
(ii) Reconciliation of Steel
(iii) Reducing wastage
3. Concrete
(a) Properties and requirements
(b) Introduction to Mix Design
(c) Mixing of Concrete
(d) Placing of concrete
(e) Pouring of concrete in:
(f) Consolidation
(g) Quality Assurance
(h) Post Concrete
(I) Curing
4. Blockwork
(a) Testing of bricks and blocks
(b) Preparation of Mortar
(c) Execution
(d) Quality checks
5. Finishes
(a) Plastering
i) Difference bet internal and external plaster
ii) Preparation prior to plastering
iii) Execution
iv) Quality checks
(b) Floor Finishes
i) Cast in situ floor finishes – IPS & VDF
ii) Tiling with ceramic, terrazzo, granite etc.
(c) Wall Finishes
i) Wall tiling
ii) Painting
6. Waterproofing
a) Tanking – membrane
b) Basement waterproofing
c) Waterproofing in Toilets
d) Roof Waterproofing
7. External works
(a) Roads
(B) QUALITY ASSURANCE / CONTROL
1. Quality Plan
2. Checklists for key activities
3. ISO procedures
(C) SAFETY
1. Safety plan
2. Use of Protective Personal Equipment
3. Safety measures
a) Deep excavation
b) Working at heights
c) Edge and opening protection
d) Electrical
e) Operation of crane, builders hoist
(D) PLANT
1. Earth moving / compacting machinery – JCB, Excavator,
Vibro rollers, plate compactor
2. Concreting plant – Mixers, Batching Plant, Concrete Pumps,
Vibrators
3. Reinforcements plant – Bar bending and cutting machinery
4. Material handling plant – Mini dumpers, Tower Cranes,
Mobile Cares and Hydra, Builders Hoists
5. Pumps – Dewatering and curing
6. Generators
7. Welding transforming and rectifier
8. Others – Drilling machines, Compressors and Jack hammers
(E) PLANNING
1. Understanding the MSP Programme
a) Weekly targets based on above
b) Materials
i) Repetitions in Formwork, requirements as
per MCP
ii) Delivery lead times for various materials
c) Staff
i) Staff Productivity
ii) Typical Site Organization Structure
d) PMV
i) Plant requirement based on quantum of
work and MCP
(G) STORES
1. Procedure for indenting materials
a) Local Purchases
b) Purchases through RO / HO
2. Procedure for receiving and issue of materials
a) DMR Register
b) MIV
c) MTV
3. Inspections carried out by stores
4. Debits to subcontractors
5. Demobilization
6. Housekeeping
Introduction to Contracts
Eligibility: This training should be for people who are core civil
engineers (S Cadre & E Cadre) from sites and RO who
need to understand what Contracts is.
Key Features:
Curriculum:
2. Contract Documents
4. Nominated Sub-Contracts
5. Preparation of RA Bills
7. Preparation of Claims
(b) Submit cost and time implications. Use dayworks rates for
labour and PMV. Note that small jobs done after completion
of main work require disproportionate supervision and
productivity will be low. BOQ rates are not applicable for
new work done after expiry of original completion date.
10. ERP
Key Features:
7. Contract Closure.
Curriculum:
(c) BOQ
i) Preamble
(d) Drawings
i) Register
ii) Drawing Control
e) RFI
i) Check drawings
ii) Bring discrepancies to Client’s notice
f) Salient features of specifications, programme,
methodlogy and resourcing to be discussed with
engineer/subcontractor before start of activity
3. Resources Planning
7. Progress Monitoring
The progress of the project is to be monitored at every stage.
Corrective action is to be taken when delays occur.
8. Cost Monitoring
As important as progress monitoring is the Cost Monitoring. A
loss-making project is like a terminally ill patent. A good Project
Team should ensure that this situation does not arise.
(a) Pre Start Estimate (PSE).
(b) Labour bills
(c) Purchase of materials at site
(d) Cost to complete (C2C) statements
(e) P & L statements
9. Billing
Billing – Clients and labour – should be done immediately at the
start of the month for the work done in the previous month. Any
delays will affect the Project’s; Cash flow and cause discontent in
the labour force. (a) The RA bills.
(b) Labour bills
(c) “Unfavorable Items”.
Key Features:
Curriculum:
2. Testing of materials
(a) Cement
i) Initial and final setting times
ii) Compressive Strength
iii) Fineness
iv) External tests
(b) Sand
(i) Grading
(ii) Silt Content
(iii) Other visual checks
(c) Aggregates
i) Grading
ii) Fineness Modules
iii) Flakiness Index
iv) CBR Test
v) External tests
d) Mortar
i) Compressive strength
e) Blocks
i) Compressive strength
ii) Water absorption
f) Reinforcement Steel
i) In the lab – Unit weight for rolling margin
ii) External Mechanical
- Yield Stress
- Ultimate Tensile Strength
- Bend / Re bend
iii) External Chemical
- Carbon content
g) Soil
i) Atterberg’s limits
ii) Bearing capacity
iii) Optimal Moisture Content
iv) Proctor density
v) Understanding geotechecnical reports
6. Documentation
(a) Registers- i) Cube testing
(b) RMC Delivery Challans
(c) Cement and steel Test Certificates
(d) Site checklists
(e) Method statements
(f) Calibration reports
9. Rectification of defects
(a) Concrete finishes
- Honeycombing
- Fins and bulging
(b) Variation in concrete dimensions beyond tolerance
(c) Cube strength below acceptable level
- Cores
- NDT Tests
(d) Rehabilitation of defective concrete
- Epoxy treatment
- Retrofitting
- Demolition
(e) Blockwork
- Additional thickness of plastering
(f) External Plastering
- Not in plumb
- Shade variation
(g) Tiling
- Lack of slope in wet areas
- Uneven joints
- Insufficient bedding
(h) Leakages
- Roof waterproofing
- Toilets
- Basement walls
- External Walls
(i) External Works
- Settlement
Key Features:
3. Setting up of First Aid Rooms and First Aid Boxes at the sites.
5. Ties up with hospital & health care centers in case of accidents &
other emergencies at sites.
6. Case Studies
Curriculum:
(d) Scaffolding
i) Stability
ii) Access for people
iii) Working platforms
5. Safety Records
(a) At Site
(b) Reports to be submitted to RO / HO
6. Human Relations
(a) With workers and subcontractors
(b) With colleagues and staff
(c) With client
7. Emergency Response
(a) Major Incident
(b) Post incident measures
Eligibility: This training is for all PMV staff including all the
Mechanical GET’s.
Key Features:
Curriculum:
1. Site Infrastructure
(a) Earthworks
(b) Concrete
(c) Reinforcement
(d) Pumps
(e) Material Handling
(f) Others
4. Maintenance of Records
5. Other Procedures
(a) Demobilization
(b) Transfer to other sites / central yard
(c) Hiring of PMV
(d) Purchase of spares and repair of PMV outside site.
6. Introduction to costing
Key Features:
• Tendering
• Planning
• Execution
• Accounts
• Purchasing & Stores
• Plant & Machinery
• Human Resource
• Payroll
• Client Billing
• Control Estimate
The training will help the employee to minimize costs, maximize service,
performance and information quality. Produce immediate data flow
between modules and avoid duplication of data. It generates instant
company wise information across various modules. It helps in
streamlining systems and procedures within the organization.
Key Features:
Eligibility: The training is for all site engineers in S cadre who are
in execution and in Finishes.
Key Features:
Curriculum:
1. Introduction
3. Plastering
a) Types of plastering
b) Preparation of mortar for various types of plastering
c) Preparation prier to plastering
d) Execution
e) Curing
f) Preparation of Mockup
4. Floor Finishes
7. Lesson learnt
8. Case studies
a) Toilet finishes in a large project
b) External painting / VDF flooring
9. Discussions
Contract Management
Key Features:
5. Closure of Project.
Curriculum:
(A) Understanding Contract Documents
1) Tender Documents
2) Addendums
3) Submissions
4) Letter of Intent
5) Contract Agreement
B) Contractors Obligations
2) Execution Phase
i) Execution of work as per GFC drawings, Tender specs
and in line with MCP
ii) Selection of materials and vendors as per approval
iii) Submission of monthly R.A.Bills
iv) Submission of progress reports, method statements,
RFI’s
v) Attend Meetings
3) On completion
i) Demobilize
ii) Attend to Snags
iii) Apply for virtual completion certificate
iv) Submit Final Bill
C) Employer’s Obligations
1) On Award of Contract
2) Execution Phase
3) On Completion
D) Handling Changes
1) Proper Records
.
2) Correspondence
The most important record of the history of the project and
the key component of any dispute resolution. Letters should
be written without fail to record the following:
a) Drawing
b) Holds
c) Clearances / Approvals.
d) Payments
e) Execution
f) Other Contractual
i) Inclement weathers especially rains. This would
not only affect progress on site but supplies too.
Offsite production unity too could be affected.
ii) Transporters strikes. Both National and local.
Attach press clippings.
iii) Increase in rates of basic materials and changes
in taxes. Attach press clippings.
3) Minutes of Meetings:
This has equal importance as formal correspondence.
(a) In the meetings, insist that our concerns on
delays in drawing issue, approvals and payments
are recorded. Our views on delays in execution
should also be recorded.
(b) Put on record our disagreement with recorded
minutes and let this be connected in the next
MOM.
4) Master Construction Programme:
(a) If there is a major delay and the cause is not
attributable to us, we can revise the MCP. The
MCP should be submitted for approval of client.
Follow up for approval of revised MCP.
(b) Follow up for approval of revised MCP. Any
monitoring of progress should be with respect to
revised MCP.
2) Escalation:
Non-private sector contracts will not award escalation
costs during the tenure of the contract period. But in the
extended phase, they can either revise the BOQ rates or
pay escalation costs on the work executed during the
extension phase. Anyway, there is no harm in presenting an
escalation claim.
3) Extension of time:
Almost all projects today extend beyond the original
completion date for a variety of reasons – due to both the
contractor and the client. In many cases, the client suffers
financial losses (or at least opportunity costs) if the facility
is not handed over in time. The client would try to recoup
some of the losses by levying Liquidated Damages (LD)
on the contractor. The contractor also is losing money on
additional overheads expenses and will try to recover these
costs from the client.
4) Request for Virtual Completion Certificate.
When the works are substantially complete viz. no new
works are balance, the contractor should apply for the Virtual
Completion Certificate. This certificate is vital since it marks
the commencement of the defect liability period and is proof
that the building has been handed over for the clients use.
5) Submission of Final Bill
The contract is usually very explicit in the procedures for
preparation, submission and processing of the Final Bill.
(i) Since balance payment in the Final Bill is a long time in
coming (60 to 120 days after issue of Virtual
Completion Certificate), please ensure that the pre-
final bill is as high as possible and no work is left
unbilled.
(ii) If variations and claims are settled during the contract
period, it will not delay the processing of the Final Bill.
(iii) As the final bill is a re-measurement of the entire
project, make proper measurements during the RA Bill
and use the same in the Final Bill. A good Qs will not
re-measure for the Final Bill. He / she will only
combine them from previous bills.
(iv) Before the payment certificate is issued, the Client
would – if specified in the contract – ask the following
requirements to be met.
iv) Submission of 10 year guarantees for items like anti
termite treatment and waterproofing
v) Submission of “As Built” drawings
vi) Evidence that payments have been made to sub
contractors
vii) Mutual argument on claims
(v) Unconditional acceptance by the Contractor of the
Final Payment Certificate would any scope for
discussion of claims / disputed items in the future.
Key Features:
Curriculum:
1. Increasing Productivity
(a) Motivation
i) Motivation of Labour / Sub Contractor
ii) Motivation of Staff
(b) Mechanization
i) Earthworks
ii) Concrete
iii) Blockwork
iv) Finishes
(c) Erection
i) Earthworks
ii) Concrete
iii) Formwork and Reinforcement
iv) Blockwork & finishes
-
(d) Resource planning
i) Minimum stock of one week consumption for cement
ii) Reinforcement to be atleast 20% surplus. Extra care
for higher dia.
iii) Stock aggregates before monsoon & festival season
iv) Give 15 days lead for manpower mobilization. Keep
20% surplus
v) Aluminum works, finish doors, granite, etc. are long
lead items. Select vendor atleast 4 months in advance.
2. Cost Control
(b) Materials
i) Wastage to be minimum
ii) Cost of poor quality of materials
iii) Order correct quantities
iv) Demobilize formwork material immediately to reduce
depreciation cost.
(c) Labour
i) Award work on piece-rate. Monitor productivity to avoid
claims
ii) Avoid excessive labor supply
iii) Use correct category of labor for type of job
(a) Suppliers
(b) Sub contractors
4. Project Monitoring
6. Introduction to Contracts
(a) Claims
(b) Extra works and variations
(c) Extension of Time
(d) Virtual completion certificate
Design and Build
Key Features: