Background of the study about RH Bill

The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10354),
informally known as the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, is a law in the Philippines, which
guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and
maternal care.

While there is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and child health, there is great
debate on its mandate that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake
widespread distribution of family planning devices such as condoms, birth control pills, and IUDs, as
the government continues to disseminate information on their use through all health care centers.
Passage of the legislation was controversial and highly divisive, with experts, academics, religious
institutions, and major political figures declaring their support or opposition while it was pending in
the legislature. Heated debates and rallies both supporting and opposing the RH Bill took place
nationwide. The Supreme Court delayed implementation of the law in March 2013 in response to
challenges. On April 8, 2014, the Court ruled that the law was "not unconstitutional" but struck down
eight provisions partially or in full.

According to the Senate Policy Brief titled "Promoting Reproductive Health", the history of
reproductive health in the Philippines dates back to 1967 when leaders of 12 countries including the
Philippines' Ferdinand Marcos signed the Declaration on Population. The Philippines agreed that the
population problem should be considered as the principal element for long-term economic
development. Thus, the Population Commission was created to push for a lower family size norm and
provide information and services to lower fertility rates.

Starting 1967, the USAID began shouldering 80% of the total family planning commodities
(contraceptives) of the country, which amounted to $3 million annually. In 1975, the United States
adopted as its policy the National Security Study Memorandum 200: Implications of Worldwide
Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests (NSSM200). The policy gives "paramount
importance" to population control measures and the promotion of contraception among 13 populous
countries, including the Philippines to control rapid population growth which they deem to be
inimical to the sociopoliticagdhdj548988he national interests of the United States, since the "U.S.
economy will require large and increasing amounts of minerals from abroad", and these countries
can produce destabilizing opposition forces against the United States. It recommends the U.S.
leadership to "influence national leaders" and that "improved world-wide support for population-
related efforts should be sought through increased emphasis on mass media and other population
education and motivation programs by the UN, USIA, and USAID.

Different presidents had different points of emphasis. President Ferdinand Marcos pushed for a
systematic distribution of contraceptives all over the country, a policy that was called "coercive", by
its leading administrator. The Corazon Aquino administration focused on giving couples the right to
have the number of children they prefer, while Fidel V. Ramos shifted from population control to
population management. Joseph Estrada used mixed methods of reducing fertility rates, while Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo focused on mainstreaming natural family planning, while stating that
contraceptives are openly sold in the country.[5]

In 1989, the Philippine Legislators’ Committee on Population and Development (PLCPD) was
established, "dedicated to the formulation of viable public policies requiring legislation on population
management and socio-economic development". In 2000, the Philippines signed the Millennium
Declaration and committed to attain the MDGs by 2015, including promoting gender equality and
health. In 2003 USAID started its phase out of a 33-year-old program by which free contraceptives
were given to the country. Aid recipients such as the Philippines faced the challenge to fund its own
contraception program. In 2004 the Department of Health introduced the Philippines Contraceptive
Self-Reliance Strategy, arranging for the replacement of these donations with domestically provided
contraceptives.

In August 2010, the government announced a collaborative work with the USAID in implementing
a comprehensive marketing and communications strategy in favor of family planning called May
Plano Sila.