Ownership (Arts.

427-439, NCC)

A. Definition.

B. Bundle of rights included in ownership (jus utendi, etc.).

C. Other specific rights found in the Civil Code.

1) Right to exclude. Doctrine of self-help.

2) Right to enclose/fence.
3) Right to just compensation (expropriation).
4) Right to hidden treasure.
5) Right to space and subsoil.
6) Right to accession (discreta/continua).
7) Right to recover ownership/possession.

a) For immovable property:

i. Accion reivindicatoria.
ii. Accion publiciana.
iii. Forcible entry.
iv. Unlawful detainer.
v. Writ of possession.
vi. Writ of injunction.

b) For movable property:

i. Replevin.

 Hilario v Salvador; G.R. No. 160384. April 29, 2005.

 Sampayang v CA; G.R. No. 156360; January 14, 2005.
 Santos v Ayon; G.R. No. 137013; May 6, 2005.
 Ganila v CA; G.R. No. 150755; June 28, 2005.
 Ross Rica Sales Center v Sps Ong; G.R. No. 132197; August 16,
2005.
 Peralta-Labrador v Bugarin; G.R. No. 165177; August 25, 2005.
 Serina v Caballero; G.R. No. 127382; August 17, 2004.
 Perez v Mendoza; G.R. No. L-22006; July 28, 1975.
 Dizon v CA; G.R. No. 101929; January 6, 1993.
 Alim v CA; G.R. No. 93213; August 9, 1991.
 D. Limitations on Real Right of Ownership.

1) General limitations:
 Police Power (Art. 436).
 Taxation.
 Eminent Domain (Art. 435 NCC).

2) Specific limitations:
 Legal servitudes/easements.
 By contract, stipulation, last will, donation.

3) Other limitations: Arts. 431(sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas),

432 (necessity), 637, 644, 649, 652, 670, 676-679, 684-687, 2191,
694-707 (nuisance).

 Churchill & Tait v Rafferty; G.R. No. L-10572 December 21, 1915.
 Taxicab Operators v Board of Transportation; G.R. No. L-59234;
September 30, 1982.
 Republic v Castellvi; G.R. No. L-20620; August 15, 1974.
 City Govt of Quezon City v Ericta; G.R. No. L-34915; June 24, 1983.
 Republic v PLDT; G.R. No. L-18841; January 27, 1969.
 U.S. v Causby; 328 U.S. 256; May 27,1946.
 Lunod v Meneses; G.R. No. 4223; August 19, 1908.

(to be continued)