CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Study

Literature is included in art. It is primarily an art and only secondarily means of communication
or a reflection history of the author’s philosophy. Webster’s Third International Dictionary calls
that literature as “Writing in prose or verse, especially: writings having excellence of form or
expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest (Literature stands relate to
man as science stands to nature) (Webster’s, 1981: 1321). Literary works are very useful since
they have various values such as those of moral, philosophical, religious, sociological, political
ones, etc. Literature in fact is something from which we get education. If people read literature,
they will find moral values that play very important rules in our daily life. In addition to that,
they can also learn about other people’s experience and problem. In this case, people can learn
about the ways of the characters in the play treat themselves, particularly how human faces the
world with positive thinking from moral point of view. At the same time, literature is art in the
sense that is at least one step back from reality, not a report on actual events but an artificial
creation. It is a representative of human life and society in which literature exists. An author and
the creation (his/her literary works) are always influenced by the reality of his or her society,
which inspire their creative process to literary works. It changes the reality of life into a new
different world that is expected be better world.

Literary works are considered to be by result of writer activity, what is often related to by a
psychological symptom, like obsession, contemplation, compensation, sublimate, even as
neurosis. Along of that, literary works are conceived of by one of the disease symptom
(psychological) (Kutha Ratna, 2004: 62). Literary works are read by so many people since they
entertain and give information to people, such as enriching experience. By reading literary
works, people can be more introspective and know themselves.
Literary works involve several genres like drama, short story, poetry and novel. When reading
literary works, people find enjoyment and satisfaction, especially improving curiosity and
enriching knowledge in literature. People have different interest or reasons for reading, for
example for getting information, for pleasure or hobby, for enjoyment, satisfying and sometime
for doing assignment from teacher. Apart from those reasons, actually human wants to get the
advantages of information that is given in a test. In getting education information, we can also
get it in literature texts, such as novel. Literature is kind of information we need, because it is
representation of human life and society in which literature exists. The authors and their literary
works are always influenced by the reality of their society, which inspire their creative process. It
changes and shortens the reality of society into a sentence by their thinking and language.

Novel is any long work of prose fictions which claims to be considered as a work of art. The first
convention in novel is language (Paulus, 1983: 11). The language of the novel is clear, and to
classify this, the author may use a passage to describe a character, which is stated in his ideas,
dialogues, action, thoughts and appearances as well. He may create powerful emotion impact in
the reader’s mind. Through the power of the written word, it can make the readers feel, hear and
see like in reality. Sometimes it can bring the reader’s tightly stretched condition, sadness,
loneliness, happiness, disappointed, and angry. It means that emotion of the reader arouse, so
that author’s expression had been succeed in representing the story. So it becomes a complete
material which is interesting to study.

In this global era, we need to improve our moral. That is way, we must pay attention to the moral
education so that not to get bad influences. Moral education is not always presented by
discussion in the class lesson by moral condition but we can also use other way to learn it. For
example, we can get moral education more novels who read. This novel delivers its message.
Sometimes students feel bored when learn in the class or formal situation. So, a good and
creative teacher should use other ways to teach. Teacher can use novels to attract student
attention toward moral education lesson. Novel can give more enjoyment, fun and pleasure in
teaching moral education. They will be attracted and apply the message found in the novel in
their life.
Talking about fiction, usually we relate at short story or novel (Minderop, 2005: 1). Novel
represents literature work which may interest readers. There are many lessons which we can take
from a novel, like the one which has theme of education, social, struggle, feminism, and etc.
Andrea Hirata is very productive novelist. The first novel is Laskar Pelangi representing first
book from its tetralogy novel that is: Laskar Pelangi (Warrior Rainbow), Sang Pemimpi (The
Dreamer), Edensor and Maryamah Karpov. Even this novel (Laskar Pelangi) had been made a
film and included successful. The next novel (Sang pemimpi) also gets good response from
society. We can find moral education in every Andrea Hirata novel. He chooses education as a
primary theme. He wants to grow learning spirit,

because education is a vital importance in our life. We must struggle to get good education in
order to achieve our ambitions. In this global era, education is needed by people. Every people
must get education, because it is important things to achieve our ambitions. We must grow the
learning spirit in order that we cannot be left behind from other people or country. Studying that
does not have to in place where he remain, but anywhere that science there is hence look to for
though far distance. Meaning: Searching knowledge though is being in China (Raffi, 1978: 11).

we can take lesson that education is very important, because education is very useful for our life.
So, we must studying during we still life and as far as any. In this paper, the writer wants to
study a novel entitled Edensor by Andrea Hirata. The writer chooses it because Andrea Hirata is
famous writer novel. In every novel, he chooses educational theme.

B. Statement of The Problem

Based on the background of the study, statements of the problem are:

1. What are the educational values in Andrea Hirata’s novel “Edensor”?

2. How are the educational values presented in Andrea Hirata’s novel “Edensor”?

3. What is the implication of educational values in Andrea Hirata’s novel “Edensor” toward
learning spirit?

C. The Objective of The Study

The purpose of the study is related to the problem of the study that is following:
1. To find the educational values in Andrea Hirata’s Novel “Edensor”.

2. To find how the educational values presented in Andrea Hirata’s Novel “Edensor”.

3. To find the implication of educational values in Andrea Hirata’s novel “Edensor” toward

learning spirit.