Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Review Questions
Review Questions
1) What is the three steps in selecting the plant site? Explain briefly.
a) Perform a pre-purchase environmental site assessment. This can save time and
money, as much more of both are needed if successive phases of environmental
investigation are required.
b) Conduct a thorough site investigation during a potential land or building
acquisition. This will help your organization efficiently and cost-effectively collect
the needed information, properly calculate and analyze data, develop and
implement appropriate plans, and comply with ever-evolving local, state and
federal regulations across a much broader spectrum of environmental areas.
c) Take the time to do the proper biological and archaeological studies. This can help
your organization avoid major setbacks. For example, in some geographic
locations, it’s important to determine whether or not there are any endangered
species residing on a piece of property prior to purchase. Prospective purchasers
should also either search archaeological repositories for information on existing
sites or conduct actual archaeological surveys to determine if important resources
are present on a potential development site. This approach can reduce the time
of processing a project and result in great cost savings and good public relations
by avoiding destruction of sites that are of concern to the public and, in
particular, Native American groups.
2) Should the raw – materials or finished goods market receive greater consideration in
plant location?
- Yes, because it depends on the places of location of the plant so the customer
can patronize the product in the market.
Adaptability.
Expandability.
Product and equipment.
Employees facilities and services areas.
Materials handling.
Lighting, ventilation and air-conditioning.
Fire protection.
Security and services and maintenance.
5) What is the importance of air conditioning, illumination, noise control, and proper
employee facilities in the design of an industrial plant?
Air conditioning
To protect worker’s health.
To improve workers comfort level.
To secure specified temperature conditions.
To improve the quality of products.
Product preservations.
To reduce maintenance charges.
To improve employer-employee relations.
Illumination
Ease of seeing. /reduced eye strain,
Improved quality of work.
Better utilization of floor space.
Good housekeeping.
Fewer accidents.
Improved employee morale/ better supervision.
Flexible layout.
Noise control
Impairs the hearing of employees.
Results in fatigue and nervousness.
Vibration causes damage to machinery and equipment.
Bad working environment Noise control methods
Control by absorption
Control at source
Control by ear protection
Proper employee facilities
Supply of portable water.
Disposal of waste and effluents.
Provision of food which is free from contamination.
Elimination of insects and rodents.
Provision of personal services.
Good housekeeping.
- Special Purpose Machines (SPM) are those Machine which are not Available
Off the Shelf. These are not Covered in Standard Manufacturing Programs.
There Fore they have to be Designed & Tailor Made as Per the Customers
Specific Requirements.
- General purpose machine with capabilities for business, clerical work, arts
(graphics, multimedia etc.), entertainment (games, web tv, media
distribution) and of course communications.
- Building block machine is a block of stone or other material, larger than
a brick, used in building.
9) Distinguish between layout by process and layout by product. Where should each be
used?
- Layout by process is a design for the floor plan of a plant which aims to
improve efficiency by arranging equipment according to its function. The
production line should ideally be designed to eliminate waste in material
flows, inventory handling and management.[2] In process layout, the work
stations and machinery are not arranged according to a particular production
sequence. Instead, there is an assembly of similar operations or similar
machinery in each department (for example, a drill department, a paint
department, etc.)
- Layout by product refers to a production system where the work stations and
equipment are located along the line of production, as with assembly lines.
10) Distinguish between two – dimensional and three- dimensional plant layout techniques.
What is the difference between a process – flow chart and a process – flow diagram?
- Flow chart all the production activities occurring on the floor of the plant are
representing graphically in flow process chart. The flow process chart real
work is to tracing the actual flow of work occurring and the time required for
the operation. It works on transportation, storage and delay. The complete
information for the analysis and improvement of plant operation is provided
by flow process chart. The result of analysis operation may be eliminated,
combined or rearranged. The work station, storage area can be rearranged to
reduce traveling distance and labor time. The flow process chart also checks
and verify the efficiency of proposed floor plan for a new layout.
11) What is meant by “automation”? what are the two forms of automation?
Advantages
Reduction in production time – having a machine that is automated definitely
speeds up the production time since no thinking is needed by the machine, there
is better repeatability, and less human error.
Increase in accuracy and repeatability – when an automated machine is
programmed to perform a task over and over again, the accuracy and
repeatability compared to an employee is far greater.
Less human error – no one is perfect, and we are all prone to making mistakes.
Which is why a machine that performs repeated tasks is less likely to make
mistakes than an employee.
Less employee costs – by adding automated machines to an operation, means
less employees are needed to get the job done. It also indicates less safety issues,
which leads to financial savings. With having less employees, there are numerous
costs that are diminished or reduced such as payroll, benefits, sick days, etcetera.
Increased safety – having automated machines means having less employees who
perform tasks that can be dangerous and prone to injury, which can make the
work environment safer.
Higher volume production – investing in automated equipment creates a valuable
resource for large production volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.
3) Is has been said that in office work, where the rate of production is not standardized and
where no minimum requirements must be met consistently, the increase in productivity
from air conditioning is more than enough to pay for its cost. What cost and savings
factors would you explore in an effort to disprove the accuracy of this flexibility?
- Are used to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate
ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort. The choice and design
of the HVAC system can also affect many other high performance goals,
including water consumption (water cooled air conditioning equipment) and
acoustics Maximize the use of air conditioning to prevent high cost or must
maintained the cold inside the company so the workers can work comfortably.