EBOLA

-The ebola virus belongs to the Filoviridae family (filivirus) and is comprised of five
distinct species : Zaire ; Sudan; Cote d’lvoire; Bundibugyo; and Reston. Subtypes
Zaire, Sudan and ivory coast can cause hemorrhagic symptoms; Reston does not.
Reston was previously found among Philippine monkeys. The virus was found in
sick pigs in the Phillipines. Ebola Reston has not caused illness to humans to date
but Ebola has.

Cause

- Ebola virus subtype Reston.

Mode of Transmission

-Direct contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other body fluids of infected
persons.

Signs and Symptoms

-Sudden onset of fever, intense weakness, Muscle pain, headache, Sore throat,
Vomiting,Diarrhea, Rash, Impaired kidney and liver function, Internal and External
bleeding.

Treatment

-There is no standard treatment.

Prevention and Control

-wear protective clothing, such as masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles, use infection
control equipment sterilization; and isolate patients from contact with unprotected
persons.

HEPATITIS A

-hepatitis A, one of the oldest diseases known to humankind,is a very infectious viral
disease.

Cause

-Hepatitis A virus

Mode of Transmission

- ingestion of food contaminated with human waste and urine of person who have
Hepatitis A.

Signs and Symptoms

-fever, flu-like symptoms;weakness,muscle and joint aches, loss of appetite,
dizziness, vomiting,tiredness or fatigue, abdominal discomfort,dark/brownish urine,
jaundice

-symptoms maybe so mild that they go unnoticed, symptoms develop between 2 and
6 weeks after infection.

Treatment

- there is no specific medicine to cure the patient or shorten the course of illness.
Sick persons should be isolated, advised to rest, take plenty of fluids and avoid fatty
foods. Patients who fail to take fluids or are too weak to eat are sometimes brought
to hospital for intravenous administration of fluids and vitamins.

Prevention and Control

-wash hands after using toilet, before preparing foods and before eating, dispose
human waste properly, thoroughly cook oysters,clams, and other shellfish for 4 min
or steam for 1 min and 30 sec., practice safe handling and storage of food and
water, get hepatitiss A vaccine.

HEPATITIS B

- hepatitis B is a viral disease which can be acute or chronic liver disease. Chronic
hepatitis infection may lead to liver cancer. Hepatitis B may also lead to the following
complications : chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure,liver cancer.

Cause

-B type of hepatitis virus.

Mode of Transmission

- may be spread to the following : from mother to child during birth; through blood
transfusion, through sharing of unsterilized needles, knives, or razors; and through
sexual intercourse.

Signs and Symptoms

-Weakness, stomach upset, dark urine or very pale stools, jaundice

Treatment

-none.

Prevention

- immunization of infants with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at preferable using 0, 1,

and 6 months regimen or at birth, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks old.
-Hepatitis B immunoglobin is given in addition to the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine
to newborns delivered from mothers who are known to hepatitis B surface antigen
reactive.

- use of safe/clean injectionand equipments/supplies.

-Vaccination of adults in high-risk settings such as healthcare workers and those with
multiple partners practicing unprotected sex such as men having sex with other men
and prostituted women.

- correct and consistent use of condoms.

HAND, FOOT, AND MOUTH DISEASE

- is a common viral illness of infants and children. It should not confused with foot-
and-mouth (hoof and mouth) disease of cattle, sheep, and swine. Infected individuals
are most contagious during the first week of their illness. HFMD cannot be
contracted from pets or animals. Incubation period is 2-14 days.

Cause

- a virus of the family picornaviridee,genus Aphthovirus

Mode of Transmission

-Spreads by contact with nose and throat discharges, saliva of infected persons, or
after touching contaminated objects.

Signs and Symptoms

-fever, sore throat,feeling of being unwell, painful,red, blister-like lesions on the

tongue,gums and inside of the cheeks, red rash, without itching but sometimes with
blistering, on the palms, soles, and sometimes the buttocks, irritability in infants and
toddlers, loss of appetite

Treatment

-directly toward relief of symptoms (fever and sore throat), there is no specific
treatment. Signs and symptoms usually clear up in 7-10 days, a topical oral
anesthetic may help relieve the pain of mouth sores.

Prevention and Control

- no specific way to prevent the infection. Good hygiene can decrease the risk of
spreading the disease

-disinfect premises and all infected materials.