ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

1.MHO relay is used for (A) simplified design of earth fault protection
(B) over-voltages due to lightning can be discharged to the earth
(A) rectifiers (C) freedom from persistent arcing grounds
(B) circuit breakers (D) all of the above.
(C) transmission lines
(D) feeders. 6. Match the following :

2.Merz-price protection is used on Material used in circuit breaker Application

(a) Poly tetra (i) Bearing surfaces fluoroethylene and sliding parts
(A) substations
(b) SF6 gas (ii) Insulating medium
(B) capacitor bank
(C) induction motor (c) Electrolytic (iii) Main contacts copper
(D) generators. (d) Dielectric oil (iv) Quenching medium
(A) a- (i), b - (ii), c - (iii), d - (iv)
3.Match the following : (B) a - (ii), b - (i), c - (iii), d - (iv)
(C) a - (iii), b - (ii), c - (i), d - (iv)
Relay Operation (D) a - (iv), b - (iii), c - (ii), d - (i).
(a) Static relay (i) Responds to vector difference between two electrical quantities
7.Match the following:
(b) Over current relay (ii) Quick operation
(c) Differential relay (iii) Responds to increase in current
(d) Instantaneous (iv) No moving parts relay
(A) a - (i), b- (ii), c - (iii), d - (iv)
(B) a - (iv), b - (iii), c - (i), d- (iv)
(C) a - (ii), b - (i) c- (iii), d - (iv)
(D) a - (iii), b - (ii), c - (i), d - (iv).

4.The values of fault current depend on

(A) voltage at the faulty point

(B) total impedance up to the fault
(C) both (A) and (B) above
(D) none of the above.

5.The advantage of neutral earthing is

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 (B) When the line is to be checked
(C) When the power is to be supplied
(A) a - (i), b -(ii), c - (iii), d - (iv) (D) Whenever fault in the line occurs.
(B) a - (ii). b - (iii), c - (i), d - (iv)
(C) a - (iii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (ii) 13.Which of the following circuit breaker will produce the least arc energy ?
(D) a - (iv), b - (iii), c - (ii), d - (i).
(A) Minimum oil circuit breaker
7. If the power factor is zero, the active recovery voltage will be (B) Air blast circuit breaker
(C) Plain oil circuit breaker
(A) minimum (D) All will produce same energy.
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.707 14.For a circuit breaker 'break time' is
(D) Maximum.
(A) same as opening time
8.Which of the following is not a part of the circuit breaker ? (B) opening time + arc duration
(C) opening time + arc duration + resistor current duration.
(A) Explosion pot
(B) Fixed and moving contacts Q1. A switch has ………………
(C) Conservator
(D) Operating mechanism.
1. One state
10.Which relay is used for feeders ? 2. Two states
3. Three states
(A) MHO relay 4. None of the above
(B) Translay relay
(C) Merz price protection Answer : 2
(D) Buchholz relay.
Q2. A relay is ……….. switch
11. Which of the following relays is used on transformers ?
1. A mechanical
(A) Buchholz relay 2. An electronic
(B) MHO relay
(C) Merz price relay 3. An electromechanical
(D) None of the above. 4. None of the above
Answer : 3
12.A circuit breaker will normally operate

(A) When the switch is put on

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Q3. The switch that has the fastest speed of operation is ………….. switch Q7. The maximum speed of electronic switch can be ………….. operations per second

1. Electronic 1. 104
2. Mechanical 2. 10
3. Electromechanical 3. 1000
4. None of the above 4. 109
Answer : 1 Answer : 4

Q4. The most inexpensive switch is ………….. switch

1. Electronic Q8. A relay is superior to a mechanical switch because it ……………

2. Mechanical
1. Is relatively inexpensive
3. Electromechanical
2. Does not require moving contacts
4. None of the above
3. Combines control with power amplification
Answer : 1
4. None of the above
Q5. The main disadvantage of a mechanical switch is that it…………. Answer : 3

1. Is operated mechanically Q9. When a transistor is driven to cut off, ideally the output is …………..
2. Is costly
1. VCC
3. Has high inertia
2. 0
4. None of the above
3. VCC/2
Answer : 3
4. VCC/3
Q6. When a transistor is driven to saturation, ideally the output is ……………… Answer : 1

1. VCC Q10. ………………. multivibrator is a square wave oscillator

2. 0
1. Monostable
3. VCC/2
2. Astable
4. 2VCC
3. Bistable
Answer : 2
4. None of the above

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Answer : 2 3. No stable state
4. None of the above
Q11. An astable multivibrator has ………….
Answer : 1
1. One stable state
Q15. If a square wave is fed to a differentiating circuit, the output will be …………
2. Two stable states
3. No stable state 1. Sine wave
4. None of the above 2. Sharp narrow pulses
Answer : 3 3. Rectangular wave
4. Triangular wave
Q12. If d.c. supply of 10 V is fed to a differentiating circuit, then output will be …….
Answer : 2
1. 20 V
Q16. An integrating circuit is a simple RC series circuit with output taken across ………
2. 10 V
3. 0 V 1. Both R and C
4. None of the above 2. R
Answer : 3 3. C
4. None of the above
Answer : 3
Q13. If the input to a differentiating circuit is a saw-tooth wave, then output will be
Q17. For an integrating circuit to be effective , the RC product should be ………. the
………….
time period of the input wave
1. Square
1. 5 times greater than
2. Triangular
2. 5 times smaller than
3. Sine
3. Equal to
4. Rectangular
4. At least 10 times greater than
Answer : 4
Answer : 4
Q14. A bistable multivibrator has …………..
Q18. A differentiating circuit is a simple RC circuit with output taken across …………..
1. Two stable states
1. R
2. One stable state
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 2. C Q22. When a rectangular voltage waveform is applied to a capacitor, then the current
3. Both R and C waveform is ……………
4. None of the above
1. Rectangular
Answer : 1
2. Sinusoidal
Q19. A monostable vibrator has ………….. 3. Sawtooth
4. Square
1. No stable state
Answer : 1
2. One stable state
3. Two stable states Q23. The positive clipper is that which removes the …………………. half-cycles of the
4. None of the above input voltage.
Answer : 2
1. Negative
Q20. The multivibrator which generates square wave of its own is the ………… 2. Positive
multivibrator 3. Both positive and negative
4. None of the above
1. Monostable
Answer : 2
2. Bistable
3. Astable Q24. A clamping circuits adds ………………… component to the signal
4. None of the above
1. c.
Answer : 3
2. c.
Q21. For a differentiating circuit to be effective, the RC product should be ………… the 3. both d.c. and a.c.
time period of the input wave 4. none of the above
Answer : 1
1. Equal to
2. 5 times greater than Q25. One would find a clamping circuit in ………………..
3. 5 times smaller than
1. Receiving antenna
4. At least 10 times greater than
2. Radio transmitter
Answer : 4
3. Radio receiver
4. Television receiver
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Answer : 4 2. Triangular
3. Sine
Q26. When a transistor is used as an amplifier, it is operated in the ………………
4. Square
region
Answer : 4
1. Off
Q30. In a multivibrator, we have ………. feedback.
2. Saturation
3. Active 1. Negative
4. None of the above 2. 100 % positive
Answer : 3 3. Both positive and negative
4. None of the above
Q27. When the transistor (CE arrangement) is in the cut off region, the collector
Answer : 2
current is ……………..
31.Which principle is used to measure distance in electronic comparator?
1. ICBO
2. ICEO a. Frequency modulation
3. (β + 1) ICEO b. Radio oscillations
c. Both a. and b.
4. IC(sat) d. None of the above
Answer : 2
1. Depending on the value of input and reference voltage a comparator can be named as
Q28. A negative clipper removes the ……………… half-cycles of the input voltage a) Voltage follower
b) Digital to analog converter
1. Negative c) Schmitt trigger
d) Voltage level detector
2. Positive
3. Both positive and negative 2.Why clamp diodes are used in comparator?
4. None of the above a) To reduce output offset voltage
b) To increase gain of op-amp
Answer : 1 c) To reduce input offset current
d) To protect op-amp from damage
Q29. If the input to an integrating circuit is a succession of alternating positive and
negative pulses of very short duration, the output will be …………… wave 5. How to obtain high rate of accuracy in comparator?
a) Input offset
1. Rectangular b) High voltage gain

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c) High CMRR 6.Which one is a basic comparator?
d) All of the mentioned a) XOR
b) XNOR
6.Zero crossing detectors is also called as c) AND
a) Square to sine wave generator d) NAND
b) Sine to square wave generator
c) Sine to triangular wave generator 7.Comparators are used in
d) All of the mentioned a) Memory
b) CPU
10. Name the comparator that helps to find unknown input. c) Motherboard
a) Time marker generator d) Hard drive
b) Zero crossing detectors
c) Phase meter 8. A circuit that compares two numbers and determine their magnitude is called
d) Window detector a) Height comparator
b) Size comparator
1. All the comparisons made by comparator is done using c) Comparator
a) 1 circuit d) Magnitude comparator
b) 2 circuits
c) 3 circuits 08․ Which of the following is/are the disadvantages of phase modifiers?
d) 4 circuits
It consumes both active and reactive power
Initial cost of synchronous phase modifier is higher
2. One that is not the outcome of magnitude comparator is
a) a > b It requires more maintenance because of running equipment
b) a – b
all of the above
c) a < b
d) a = b
9. How relays are connected in the power system
4. How many inputs are required for a digital comparator?
Ans: The relays are connected in the power system through the CT or PT
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3 10. What is fundamental elements of relay ?
d) 4
Ans: sensing element,conmparing element, control element
5. In a comparator, if we get input as A>B then the output will be
a) 1 Power System Protection Objective Questions Answers
b) 0
c) A 1. Isolators are used for disconnecting a circuit when:
d) B a) Line is energized
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b) Line is on full load
c) Line carries no current 6. The torque developed in Induction type relay is:
d) Can be operated under any condition a) Directly proportional to the current
b) Directly proportional to the square of the current
C c) Directly proportional to square root of the current
d) Inversely proportional to the current
2. Under-voltage relay is mostly used for:
a) Transformer protection B
b) Bus-bar protection
c) Motor protection 7. Buchholz relay is a:
d) Feeder protection a) Oil actuating relay
b) Current actuating relay
C c) Gas actuating relay
d) Oil temperature-actuating relay
3. Earth fault relays are:
a) Directional relay C
b) Non-directional relay
c) Short operate time relay 8. The relay with inverse time characteristics will operate within:
d) Under voltage relay a) 10 msec
b) 5 to 10 sec
A c) 10 to 20 sec
d) above 25 sec
4. Differential relays are used for the protection of equipments against:
a) Internal faults B
b) Over-current
c) Reverse current 9. The operation speed of a relay depends on:
d) Reverse power a) Rate of flux buildup
b) Armature core air gap
A c) Spring tension
d) All the above
5. Admittance relay is:
a) Non-directional relay D
b) Directional relay
c) Differential relay 10. Which of the following relays has inherent directional characteristics:
d) None of the above a) Mho relay
b) Impedance relay
B c) Reactance relay
d) Distance relay
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 15. For remote operation, circuit breaker must be equipped with
A
a) Inverse shunt trip
11. Which of the following circuit breaker is generally used in applications in railways? b) Shunt trip
c) Time delay trip
d) Both (a) and (c) above
a) Bulk oil circuit breakers
b) Minimum oil circuit breakers
Ans: (b)
c) Air break circuit breakers
d) None of these
16. Arc voltage produced in ac circuit breaker is always
Ans: (c)
a) In phase opposition to the arc current
12. Which of thermal protection switch is provided in power line system to protect against? b) In phase with the arc current
c) Iagging the arc current by 45°
d) Leading the arc current by 90°
a) Over voltage
b) Short circuit
Ans: (b)
c) Temperature rise
d) Overload
17. A high speed circuit breaker can complete its operation in
Ans: (d)
a) 2 to 3 cycles
13. Lightining arrestor should be located b) 6 to 12 cycles
c) 3 to 8 cycles
d) 10 to 20 cycles
a) Away from the circuit breaker
b) Near the transformer
Ans: (c)
c) Away from the transformer
d) Near the circuit breaker
18. For a 400 kV system, the capacity of lightning arrester should be
Ans: (b)
a) 1 kA
14. The dielectric strength of air at 25°C and 76 cm of mercury is b) 5 kA
c) 10 kA
d) 50 kA
a) 2.11 kV rms/cm
b) 21.1 kV rms/m
Ans: (c)
c) 211 kV rms/cm
d) 2110 kV rms/m
19. The power factor of the arc in a circuit breaker is
Ans: (b)
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a) Zero leading 30) Which of the following circuit breakers has the lowest operating voltage?
b) Zero lagging
c) Unity a. SF6 circuit breaker
d) Any value from zero to unity b. Air break
c. Air blast
Ans: (c)
d. Minimum oil circuit breaker
20. Air blast circuit breakers are preferred for

a) Short duty
b) Repeated duty
15) Why is an isolator installed?
c) Intermittent duty
d) None of these a. To isolate one portion of the circuit from another
b. As an substitute for the circuit breaker
Ans: (b) c. It used on either sides of the circuit breaker
d. Both (a) and (c)
21) What is the actuating quantity for the relays? e. None of these

a. Magnitude 16) For which among the following the current ratings are not required?
b. Frequency
c. Phase angle a. Circuit breakers
d. All of these b. Relays
c. Isolators
22) Protective relays can be designed to respond to ___________. d. Load break switch

a. Light intensity, impedance 17) The isolators used in the transmission lines are capable of breaking
b. Temperature, resistance, reactance
c. Voltage and current a. Fault current
d. All of these b. No current
c. Charging current
23) On what factor does the operating speed of the relay depend? d. Load current

a. Rate of flux built up

b. Armature core air gap
c. Spring tension 3) What is the cut off current in the fuse?
d. All of these

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a. Maximum value actually reached.
b. Rms value actually reached.
c. Average value actually reached.
d. None of the above

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