As one of the key oil crops in China, peanut mainly grows in arid and semiarid areas where biotic

and
abiotic stresses pose great challenges to its growth and yield. Compared with conventional breeding
approaches, mutation-assisted breeding has proven to be more effective in developing cultivars with
high resistance to various abiotic stresses.

At optimal HYP concentration for selecting HYP-tolerant tants from somatic embryo regeneration is
determined by two steps: first, concentrations in the embryo-generation period and initial growth
are determined; Second, the optimal concentration during plantlet regeneration is determined. the
concentration of HYP 4 mmol / L is the screening concentration for germination of embryos
transferred from the medium to the germination medium. whereas 10 mmol / L is considered a
lethal concentration whereas 8 mmol / L is selected as the concentration to be used for germinated
embryo screening that persists in the first stage.

In this previous study, in which PYM was added to the induction medium to generate somatic
embryos of peanut from embryonic leaflets, the frequency of somatic embryo formation decreased
significantly with the increase in the concentration of PYM, and the suitable mutagenic
concentration was determined to be 3–4 mg/L [10,13]. Based on that result, embryonic leaflets from
mature peanut seeds were cultuered on a somatic embryogenesis-induction medium containing 4
mg/L PYM in the current study.

Hydroxyproline (HYP) is used for screening that plays an important role in salt tolerance, drought
resistance, and other physiological processes. The proline analog HYP has been used in tissue culture
to select for stressresistant cell lines of many crops.