Example 20 Springs

The valves of a diesel engine are to be opened 16mm by the valve mechanism.Each
spring is to exert a force of 300N when the valves are closed and 670Nwith the valves
open.

a) Design a suitable spring with squaredand ground ends. The solid height of the
spring should be 10mm less than the length with the valves open and the outside
diameter should not exceed45mm. Use standardchromevanadiumsteelwire and
assumethatthe maximumallowable shearstressis not to exceed600MPa.

b) Determine the spring diameter and the free length if the spring index is 7 and
G: 80GPa.
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Example 18 Springs
The return spring mechanism shown in the diagram is loaded by means of a helical
tension spring which is pre-tensionedby extending the spring by 15 mm to hold the
mechanismagainstthe stop.

The following specificationsapply to the spring:

Spring wire diameter : 20 mm
Number of working coils : 6.5
I n s i d e d i a m e t e ro f s p r i n g : 1 3 0m m
Modulus of rigidity : 80 GPa

Determinethe maximum force F which may be applied to the lever arm ABC to extend
the spring a further 40 mm. Estimate also the initial stress and the final stressin
the spring.
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forclesehelicalsprings
n[}m(}grarn
Thisnomogramfor closecoiledheticalspringsof roundwire is Simple spring theory gives the maximum torsional shearstress in
derived
fromtheformula the wire as
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8
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!=
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In this data sheet the nomogram is given in Sf units as shown. Wahl's factor (k) is a correctionfactor ro allow lor the additionat
effectsof transverseshearand curvalure,
r(MPal Nomenclature
Supporl
dimrn)
t?oo line
r - max.shear in wire( MPa I
stress 50
P : appliedload (N) 45
D : mean diameterof spring (mm)
d - wire diameter(mm) 40
C : D/d, the spring index
355
4C-1 0 ,615
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Example 28 Clutches

A disc clutch of the automotive type has 2 pairs of friction faces each 250mm outside
diameterand 170mminsidediameter.Whenpower is beingtransmitted,the clutch is held
in engagement by 6 closecoiledhelical springswhich have squaredand groundends.To
disengage the clutchthe pressureplate is withdrawn 1.5mm.

Assuminguniform wear conditions,determinethe following:

a) The maximum allowable force on the clutch if the maximum allowablepressureis
0.13MPa;
b) The power capacityof the clutch at 4200r/min if the coefficient of friction is 0.3;
c) The maximum force on eachspring when the clutch is engaged.

CLUTCH SNGAGSD OISENGAGEO

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Example 29 Clutches
of friction. surfaces' The clutch plate
A multiple disc clutch comprises 8 pairs
co-efficientof friction p:0't2 and the
diametersare 150mmo.D. and 100mmI.b. The
S iO"ntical springsarranged'n the clutch
axial force on the plates is 1350N prorriJ.d iy
housing.
(consider uniform wear conditions
a) what is the torque capacity of this clutch?
onlY). , r o
Ul Wftat power can be transmittedat 1575 revs/min?

DRIVEH
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