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Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
_______________General Description ____________________________Features
MAX921–MAX924
The MAX921–MAX924 single, dual, and quad micro- ♦ µMAX® Package—Smallest 8-Pin SO
power, low-voltage comparators feature the lowest (MAX921/MAX922/MAX923)
power consumption available. These comparators draw
less than 4µA supply current over temperature ♦ Ultra-Low 4µA Max Quiescent Current
(MAX921/MAX922), and include an internal 1.182V Over Extended Temp. Range (MAX921)
±1% voltage reference, programmable hysteresis, and ♦ Power Supplies:
TTL/CMOS outputs that sink and source current. Single +2.5V to +11V
Ideal for 3V or 5V single-supply applications, the Dual ±1.25V to ±5.5V
MAX921–MAX924 operate from a single +2.5V to +11V
♦ Input Voltage Range Includes Negative Supply
supply (or a ±1.25V to ±5V dual supply), and each
comparator’s input voltage range swings from the ♦ Internal 1.182V ±1% Bandgap Reference
negative supply rail to within 1.3V of the positive ♦ Adjustable Hysteresis
supply.
♦ TTL/CMOS-Compatible Outputs
The MAX921–MAX924’s unique output stage con-
tinuously sources as much as 40mA. And by eliminating ♦ 12µs Propagation Delay (10mV Overdrive)
power-supply glitches that commonly occur when com- ♦ No Switching Crowbar Current
parators change logic states, the MAX921–MAX924
minimize parasitic feedback, which makes them easier to ♦ 40mA Continuous Source Current
use.
The single MAX921 and dual MAX923 provide a unique Ordering Information
and simple method for adding hysteresis without
feedback and complicated equations, simply by using PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
the HYST pin and two resistors. MAX921CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
MAX921CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
MAX921CUA 0°C to +70°C 8 µMAX
COMPARATORS
HYSTERESIS
REFERENCE
PRECISION
PACKAGE
PACKAGE
MAX922 No 2 No
8-Pin __________Typical Operating Circuit
DIP/SO/µMAX
VIN
8-Pin
MAX923 Yes 2 Yes 7
DIP/SO/µMAX
V+
16-Pin 3 IN+
MAX924 Yes 4 No
DIP/SO/µMAX
OUT 8
4 IN-
________________________Applications
5 HYST
Battery-Powered Systems
Threshold Detectors MAX921
6 REF
Window Comparators
V- GND
Oscillator Circuits
2 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX921–MAX924
V+ to V-, V+ to GND, GND to V-................................-0.3V, +12V Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
Inputs 8-Pin Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) ...727mW
Current, IN_+, IN_-, HYST...............................................20mA 8-Pin SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C)................471mW
Voltage, IN_+, IN_-, HYST................(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- – 0.3V) 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.1mW/°C above +70°C) .............330mW
Outputs 8-Pin CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C)........640mW
Current, REF....................................................................20mA 16-Pin Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C)..842mW
Current, OUT_ .................................................................50mA 16-Pin SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) ................696mW
Voltage, REF ....................................(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- – 0.3V) 16-Pin CERDIP (derate 10.00mW/°C above +70°C) ......800mW
Voltage, OUT_ (MAX921/924) .....(V+ + 0.3V) to (GND – 0.3V) Operating Temperature Ranges:
Voltage OUT_ (MAX922/923)...........(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- – 0.3V) MAX92_C_ _ .......................................................0°C to +70°C
OUT_ Short-Circuit Duration (V+ ≤ 5.5V) ...............Continuous MAX92_E_ _.....................................................-40°C to +85°C
MAX92_MJ_ ..................................................-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings‘” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 5V OPERATION (continued)
MAX921–MAX924
(V+ = 5V, V- = GND = 0V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
Note 1: MAX924 comparators work below 2.5V, see Low-Voltage Operation section for more details.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: 3V OPERATION (continued)
MAX921–MAX924
OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH vs. REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs.
vs. LOAD CURRENT LOAD CURRENT OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT
2.5 5.0 1.190
MAX921/4-TOC1
MAX921/924-TOC3
MAX921/924-TOC2
V+ = 5V
V+ = 5V SINK
REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
4.5 1.185
2.0
4.0 1.180
V+ = 3V SOURCE
1.5
VOL (V)
VOH (V)
3.5 1.175
2.5 1.165
V+ = 3V V+ = 5V
0.5
2.0 1.160 OR
V+ = 3V
0.0 1.5 1.155
0 4 8 12 16 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT LOAD CURRENT (μA)
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX921-MAX924
(V+ = 5V, V- = GND, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted).
MAX921
REFERENCE VOLTAGE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. MAX922
vs. TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
1.22 4.5 4.5
MAX921/924-TOC5
MAX921/924-TOC4
MAX921/924-TOC6
IN+ = (IN- + 100mV) IN+ = (IN- + 100mV)
MILITARY TEMP. RANGE
1.21
4.0
EXTENDED TEMP. RANGE 4.0
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
1.17 3.0
V+ = 3V, V- = 0V 2.5
1.16 V+ = 5V, V- = 0V
2.5 2.0
1.15
V+ = 3V, V- = 0V
V+ = 5V, V- = 0V
1.14 2.0 1.5
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -20 20 60 100 140 -60 -20 20 60 100 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX924
MAX923 MAX924 SUPPLY CURRENT vs.
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE LOW SUPPLY VOLTAGES
5.0 10 10
MAX921/924-TOC8
MAX921/924-TOC7
MAX921/924-TOC9
IN+ = (IN- + 100mV)
9
4.5
SUPPLY CURRENT (μA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (μA)
8
4.0 1
V+ = 5V, V- = 0V 7
V+ = 5V, V- = -5V
3.5
6
3.0 0.1
5 V+ = 5V, V- = 0V
2.5 4 V+ = 3V, V- = 0V
V+ = 3V, V- = 0V
2.0 3 0.01
-60 -20 20 60 100 140 -60 -20 20 60 100 140 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) SINGLE-SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
MAX921/924 TOC12
MAX921/924 TOC10
4.5 V- = 0V
60 100k 16
V0
OUTPUT HIGH 4.0
40 10μF 14
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3.5 VOHL
IN+ – IN- (mV)
20 12
3.0
0 NO CHANGE 2.5 10
-20 2.0 8
1.5 VOLH
-40 6
OUTPUT LOW 1.0
-60 4
0.5
-80 0 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0 20 40 60 80 100
VREF -VHYST (mV) IN+ INPUT VOLTAGE (mV) LOAD CAPACITANCE (nF)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
MAX921–MAX924
RESPONSE TIME FOR VARIOUS RESPONSE TIME FOR VARIOUS MAX924 RESPONSE TIME
INPUT OVERDRIVES INPUT OVERDRIVES AT LOW SUPPLY VOLTAGES
10
MAX921/924-TOC13
MAX921/924-TOC14
MAX921/924-TOC15
5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
100
INPUT VOLTAGE (mV)
0 0 ±100mV
OVERDRIVE
100
0.01
-2 2 6 10 14 18 -2 2 6 10 14 18 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
RESPONSE TIME (μs) RESPONSE TIME (μs) SINGLE-SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
MAX121/124-TOC18
MAX921/924-TOC16
20
SINK CURRENT (mA)
140
CURRENT (mA)
10
120
100
80 10
1
60
40
____________________________________________________________Pin Descriptions
PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX921 MAX922 MAX923
1 – – GND Ground. Connect to V- for single-supply operation. Output swings from V+ to GND.
– 1 1 OUTA Comparator A output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to V-.
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
_______________________________________________Pin Descriptions (continued)
MAX921–MAX924
PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX921 MAX922 MAX923
– 5 4 INB- Inverting input of comparator B
Hysteresis input. Connect to REF if not used. Input voltage range is from
5 – 5 HYST
VREF to VREF - 50mV.
6 – 6 REF Reference output. 1.182V with respect to V-.
7 7 7 V+ Positive supply
8 – – OUT Comparator output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to GND.
– 8 8 OUTB Comparator B output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to V-.
PIN
NAME FUNCTION
MAX924
1 OUTB Comparator B output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to GND.
2 OUTA Comparator A output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to GND.
3 V+ Positive supply
15 OUTD Comparator D output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to GND.
16 OUTC Comparator C output. Sinks and sources current. Swings from V+ to GND.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
MAX921–MAX924
MAX922
1 OUTA OUTB 8
2 V- V+ 7
1 OUTB MAX924 OUTC 16
3 INA+ INB+ 6
2 OUTA OUTD 15
4 INA- INB- 5
3 V+ GND 14
4 INA- IND+ 13
4 INB- HYST 5
V-
Figure 1b. MAX923 Functional Diagram Figure 1c. MAX924 Functional Diagram
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
The MAX921–MAX924’s unique design achieves an
MAX921–MAX924
output source current of more than 40mA and a sink
current of over 5mA, while keeping quiescent currents in
IN+ THRESHOLDS the microampere range. The output can source 100mA
(at V+ = 5V) for short pulses, as long as the package's
maximum power dissipation is not exceeded. The
output stage does not generate crowbar switching
HYSTERESIS
IN- currents during transitions, which minimizes feedback
VREF - VHYST VHB BAND through the supplies and helps ensure stability without
bypassing.
Voltage Reference
The internal bandgap voltage reference has an output
of 1.182V above V-. Note that the REF voltage is
OUT
referenced to V-, not to GND. Its accuracy is ±1% in
the range 0°C to +70°C. The REF output is typically
capable of sourcing 15µA and sinking 8µA. Do not
bypass the REF output.
Figure 2. Threshold Hysteresis Band
Noise Considerations
Although the comparators have a very high gain, useful
gain is limited by noise. This is shown in the Transfer
about 2.2V, although the comparators will continue to Function graph (see Typical Operating Characteristics).
operate with a total supply voltage as low as 1V. While As the input voltage approaches the comparator's
the MAX924 has comparators that may be used at offset, the output begins to bounce back and forth; this
supply voltages below 2V, the MAX921, MAX922, and peaks when VIN = VOS. (The lowpass filter shown on
MAX923 may not be used with supply voltages sig- the graph averages out the bouncing, making the
nificantly below 2.5V. transfer function easy to observe.) Consequently, the
At low supply voltages, the comparators’ output drive is comparator has an effective wideband peak-to-peak
reduced and the propagation delay increases (see noise of around 0.3mV. The voltage reference has
Typical Operating Characteristics). The useful input peak-to peak noise approaching 1mV. Thus, when a
voltage range extends from the negative supply to a
little under 1V below the positive supply, which is
slightly closer to the positive rail than the device
operating from higher supply voltages. Test your 2.5V TO 11V
prototype over the full temperature and supply-voltage IREF 6
7
range if operation below 2.5V is anticipated. V+
REF
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
comparator is used with the reference, the combined feedback impedance slows hysteresis. The design
MAX921–MAX924
Hysteresis (MAX922/MAX924)
Hysteresis can be set with two resistors using positive
feedback, as shown in Figure 4. This circuit generally
draws more current than the circuits using the HYST
pin on the MAX921 and MAX923, and the high Figure 4. External Hysteresis
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
_______________Typical Applications
MAX921–MAX924
MOMENTARY Auto-Off Power Source
SWITCH
4.5V TO 6.0V Figure 5 shows the schematic for a 40mA power supply
that has a timed auto power-off function. The
7 comparator output is the switched power-supply
V+ output. With a 10mA load, it typically provides a
voltage of (V BATT – 0.12V), but draws only 3.5µA
quiescent current. This circuit takes advantage of the
MAX921 IN+ 3 four key features of the MAX921: 2.5µA supply current,
6
REF
an internal reference, hysteresis, and high current
47k C R output. Using the component values shown, the three-
5
resistor voltage divider programs the maximum ±50mV
HYST of hysteresis and sets the IN- voltage at 100mV. This
1.1M OUT 8 gives an IN+ trip threshold of approximately 50mV for
VBATT -0.15V IN+ falling.
4 IN-
10mA
The RC time constant determines the maximum power-
100k on time of the OUT pin before power-down occurs.
V- GND
2 1 This period can be approximated by:
R x C x 4.6sec
For example: 2MΩ x 10µF x 4.6 = 92sec. The actual
time will vary with both the leakage current of the
capacitor and the voltage applied to the circuit.
Figure 5. Auto-off power switch operates on 2.5µA quiescent
current. Window Detector
The MAX923 is ideal for making window detectors
(undervoltage/overvoltage detectors). The schematic
is shown in Figure 6, with component values selected
6. Verify the threshold voltages with these formulas:
for an 4.5V undervoltage threshold, and a 5.5V
VIN rising : overvoltage threshold. Choose different thresholds by
changing the values of R1, R2, and R3. To prevent
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
VTHR = VREF × R1 × ⎜ + + ⎟ chatter at the output when the supply voltage is close
⎝ R1 R2 R3 ⎠ to a threshold, hysteresis has been added using R4
and R5. OUTA provides an active-low undervoltage
indication, and OUTB gives an active-low overvoltage
VIN falling :
indication. ANDing the two outputs provides an active-
VTHF = VTHR −
(R1 × V +) high, power-good signal.
R3 The design procedure is as follows:
1. Choose the required hysteresis level and calculate
Board Layout and Bypassing values for R4 and R5 according to the formulas in
Power-supply bypass capacitors are not needed if the the Hysteresis (MAX921/MAX923) section. In this
supply impedance is low, but 100nF bypass capacitors example, ±5mV of hysteresis has been added at the
should be used when the supply impedance is high or comparator input (VH = VHB/2). This means that the
when the supply leads are long. Minimize signal lead hysteresis apparent at VIN will be larger because of
lengths to reduce stray capacitance between the input the input resistor divider.
and output that might cause instability. Do not bypass
the reference output.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
MAX921–MAX924
⎛ 5.5 ⎞ REF
= 294k × ⎜ − 1⎟ R4
⎝ (1.182 + 0.005) ⎠ 2.4M
OUTB
OVERVOLTAGE
= 1.068MΩ INB-
4. Calculate R2. The undervoltage threshold should V-
MAX923
R1
be 4.5V when VIN is falling. The design equation is
as follows:
(VREF − VH )
R2 = (R1 + R2 + R3) × − R1
VUTH
(1.182 − 0.005)
= (294k + 1.068M) × − 294k
4.5 Figure 6. Window Detector
= 62.2kΩ
Choose R2 = 61.9kΩ (1% standard value).
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
MAX921–MAX924
R1 R2
VIN
+5V +5V
3
V+ V+
10k MAX924
1.182V 8 REF MAX924 VINA INA+
OUTB
7 INB+ INB-
250k
OUTB 1
10k
750mV 6 INB- 330Ω VINC INC+
OUTC
11 INC+ INC-
250k
OUTC 16
10k
500mV 10 INC- 330Ω VIND IND+
OUTD
13 IND+ IND-
250k
OUTD 15 REF N.C.
250k GND
14 -5V
Figure 7. Bar-Graph Level Gauge Figure 8. Level Shifter: ±5V Input to CMOS Output
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
MAX921–MAX924
DIP/Narrow SO
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
__________________________________________________________Chip Topographies
MAX921–MAX924
MAX921/MAX922/MAX923 MAX924
1 10 V+
9
2
8
3 0.075" GND
(1.91mm)
4 7
0.108"
(2.74mm)
5 6
IND+
INA-
IND-
INA+
INC+
0.059" INB-
(1.50mm)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
Package Information
MAX921–MAX924
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.
16 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Ultra Low-Power,
Single/Dual-Supply Comparators
Revision History
MAX921/MAX924
REVISION REVISION PAGES
DESCRIPTION
NUMBER DATE CHANGED
4 8/08 Updated TOCs 5 and 10 5
5 8/08 Adding information for rugged plastic product 1, 14
6 4/09 Updated Ordering Information 1, 14, 16
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implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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