University of Tabuk

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 333: Instrumentation and Measurements

Introduction
(Homework # 1)

Name ID
Azzam Helal AbuAskar 341013197
Faisal Saeed AlAhmri 351001782
Omar Abdualziz AlShammary 351006264
Yasir Abdulrahim AlMalki 351006023

Group #:
Instructor: Dr. Tamer H. S. Hassan

2018
Table of Contents:

Topic Page No.

Regulations & Work Distribution 3

Q1 4-6

Q2 6–7

Q3 8
Regulations:

 Each member must participate in the work.

 The teamwork is based on grouping and distributing the work as tasks.

Work Distribution:

 Writing the “Word” file - Azzam AbuAskar

 Solving Q1 - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - Azzam AbuAskar
 Solving Q1 - 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 - Faisal AlAhmari
 Solving Q2 - a, b, c, d, e - Omar AlShammary
 Solving Q2 - f, g, h, i, j - Yassir AlMalki
 Solving Q3 - Group work
 Presentation layout - Omar AlShammary + Faisal AlAhmari
 Presentation Content – Group work
Q1/ Answer the following questions?
1. What is meant by measurement?
Ans: Measurement is a comparison of a given unknown quantity with a standard
value adopted as a unit, and the word measurand is used to designate the physical
parameter being measured. Measurement provides means of describing various
phenomena in quantitative terms.

2. Write a brief note on the significance of measurements.

Ans: It can be surmised in points:
 Measurement provides the fundamental basis for research and development
activities.
 Measurement is a fundamental element of any automatic control system.
 Measurement is used to evaluate the performance of any plant or process.
 Measurement is also the base for commercial activities such as production
and pricing.
 Verification of physical phenomenon and theories.
 Measurement is used to monitor data for health and safety.
 It establishes the validity of design and determines data for new and
improved design.

3. Compare between the different methods of measurements.

Ans: There are two basic measurements methods:
 Direct comparison with a standard. In which, the parameter to be measured
is directly compared with a standard of a known value. It’s common for
measuring length, mass and time.
 Indirect comparison with a standard. It uses a transducing device to convert
the measured quantity into a signal. Then signals is processed by
intermediate devices and displayed in a convenient way for the practical use.

4. Why the measurement by indirect method is more common than by direct

method?
Ans: This is because:
 The human sense is not capable to make direct comparison of all quantities,
such as temperature, pressure, acceleration and etc.
 The human sense is not sensitive enough to make direct comparison with the
required high accuracy.
 Remote reading could not be performed by direct method.
 Most used transducers convert the measurand signal to an electrical signal in
which it can be easily amplified, filtered, and transmitted form a place to
another. Thus, more convenient controlling.
5. Give an example of a direct and indirect measurement process from your daily life.
Ans: Direct: reading the time. Indirect: measuring the engine temperature.

6. The electrical signal is preferred in measurement. Why?

Ans: Because, it’s easier to be amplified, filtered, and transmitted form a place to
another. In addition, a high measuring accuracy can be achieved.

7. What is meant by measurement unit? Mention how the S.I. units are categorized.
Ans: Unit of measurement is a known accurate measure of physical quantity which
physical quantities is compared to.
The S.I. units are categorized into three categories based on a system established in
1960 by the General Conference of Weights and Measures. Those are: Fundamental
units, Supplementary units and Derived units.

8. List the seven fundamental S.I. units with their symbols.

Ans:
1 Length Unit: Metre Symbol: m
2 Mass Unit: kilogram Symbol: kg
3 Time Unit: second Symbol: s
4 Temprature Unit: Kelvin Symbol: K
5 Electric Current Unit: Ampere Symbol: A
6 Luminous intensity Unit: Cadela Symbol: cd
7 Amount of substance Unit: Mole Symbol: mol

9. What is meant by derived measurement unit? Give examples of a derived unit

used in mechanical applications and another one in Electrical applications.
Ans: The derived units are the fundamental and supplementary units expressed by
defining equations.
 For mechanical applications: force, pressure, stress, weight, torque,
acceleration, velocity, density etc.
 For Electrical applications: power, energy, electric
resistance, electric field strength, electric capacitance, magnetic flux,
magnetic field strength etc.

10. Multiplying factors are important. Why?

Ans: Because they’re shortening and reducing the typing effort by replacing a
number of digits with a single symbol.
 11. Compare between the functions of: international standards, primary standards,
secondary standards, and working standards.
Ans:
 International standards: The standards those defined by international
agreement. They are periodically evaluated and checked by absolute
measurements in terms of fundamental units of physics.
 Primary standards: The standard used for calibration and verification of
secondary standards. Primary standards are maintained at the National
Standards Labs. in different countries
 Secondary standards: The basic reference standards used by the
measurement and calibration labs. in industries. These secondary standards
are maintained by the particular industry to which they belong. Each industry
has its own secondary standard.
 Working standards: Working standards are the main tools of a measuring
laboratory. These standards are used to check and calibrate laboratory
instrument for accuracy and performance.

Q2/ State TRUE or FALSE and Correct the false One(s)

A. Measurement is a comparison of a given unknown quantity with a standard value
adopted as a unit.
Ans: TRUE

B. Measuring the length of a table by using a meter tape is an indirect measurement.

Ans: FALSE
Correction: Measuring the length of a table by using a meter tape is a direct
measurement.

C. The word measurement is used to designate the physical parameter being

measured.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: The word measurand is used to designate the physical parameter being
measured.

D. Indirect measurement is common for the measurement of length, mass and time.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: Direct measurement is common for the measurement of length, mass
and time.
E. The human sense is capable to make direct comparison of all quantities.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: The human sense is not capable to make direct comparison of all
quantities.

F. The human sense is sensitive enough to make direct comparison with the required
high accuracy.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: The human sense is not sensitive enough to make direct comparison
with the required high accuracy.

G. Remote reading can be performed by direct method.

Ans: FALSE
Correction: Remote reading could not be performed by direct method.

H. Most used transducers convert the measurand signal to a mechanical movement.

Ans: FALSE
Correction: Most used transducers convert the measurand signal to an electrical
signal.

I. The main function of working standard is the calibration and verification of

secondary standards.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: The main function of primary standard is the calibration and verification
of secondary standards.

J. Secondary standards are the main tools of a measuring laboratory. These

standards are used to check and calibrate laboratory instrument for accuracy and
performance.
Ans: FALSE
Correction: Working standards are the main tools of a measuring laboratory. These
standards are used to check and calibrate laboratory instrument for accuracy and
performance.
Q3/ Complete the following table:

Relation with Base

Derived
and Derived Unit Special Name
Quantity
Quantities
area length × width 𝐦𝟐
length × width × 𝐦𝟑
volume
height
𝐤𝐠
density mass per volume 𝐦𝟑

𝐦
speed distance per time
𝐬
change in velocity per
acceleration m/s^2
time
𝐤𝐠. 𝐦
force mass × acceleration newton (N)
𝐬𝟐
𝐍
pressure force per area Pascal (Pa)
𝐦𝟐
𝐤𝐠. 𝐦𝟐
work force × distance joule (J)
𝐬𝟐
𝐤𝐠. 𝐦𝟐
power work per time watt (W)
𝐬𝟑