Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad

Probability and Statistics

Answers of Problem Set 02

1. (a) No, (b) Yes, (c) Yes, (d) Yes.

1 1 1 1
2. (a) c = , (b) P ({1 < X < 2}) = 0, P ({2 ≤ X < 3}) = , P ({0 < X ≤ 1}) = , P ({1 ≤ X ≤ 2}) = ,
4 12 4 3
3
P ({X ≥ 3}) = 0, and P ({X = 2.5}) = 0, (c) P ({X = 1}|{1 ≤ X ≤ 2}) = , P ({1 ≤ X < 2}|{X > 1}) = 0, and
4
P ({1 ≤ X ≤ 2}|{X = 1}) is not defined, (d) The PMF is
 2
 if x = 0
3




1


if x = 1


f (x) = 4

 1

 if x = 2
 12




0 otherwise.

3. (a) The p.m.f is


13 39



5−x
 x
if x = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5

f (x) = 52


 5
 0 otherwise.

(b) P ({X ≤ 1}) = f (0) + f (1).

5. (a) Yes, X is a discrete random variable, (b) The p.m.f. of X is
(
p(1 − p)x−1 if x = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .
f (x) =
0 otherwise.

6. (b) P ({X = 1}) = 0, P ({1 < X < 2}) = 0.5, P ({1 ≤ X < 2}) = 0.5, P ({1 < X ≤ 2}) = 0.5, P ({1 ≤ X ≤ 2}) =
0.5, and P ({X ≥ 1}) = 0.5; (c) The p.d.f. of X is

x if 0 ≤ x < 1




f (x) = 1
if 1 ≤ x ≤ 2


 2
0 otherwise.

7. (a) c = 45 ; (b) P ({X < 0}) = 0.5, P ({X ≤ 0}) = 0.5, P ({0 < X ≤ 41 }) = 32 9
, P ({0 ≤ X < 41 }) = 32
9
, and
1 1 45 1 2 61 1 2 1 1 87
P ({− 8 ≤ X ≤ 4 }) = 128 ; (c) P ({X > 4 }|{|X| > 5 }) = 128 and P ({ 8 < X < 5 }|{ 10 < X < 5 }) = 128 ; (d) the
d.f. is


 0 if x < −0.5

2

 x
 5x 1
+ + if − 0.5 ≤ x < 0


F (x) = 2 4 2
2
 x 5x 1
− + + if 0 ≤ x < 0.5


2 4 2




1 if x ≥ 0.5.


1
8. (a) X is discrete random variable with p.m.f.
1


 if x = −2
3




 1
if x = 0


6



f (x) = 1
if x = 5
4




 1
if x = 6


4




0 otherwise.


(b) X is an absolutely continuous random variable with p.d.f.


 1 xα−1 e−x if x ≥ 0
f (x) = Γ(α)
 0 otherwise.

1 1 2(n−m)
9. (a) c = 2; (b) P ({X < m + 1}) = 1 − 2m+1 , P ({X ≥ m}) = 2m−1 , P ({m ≤ X < n}) = (2m−1)(2n−1) , and
2(n+m+1)
P ({m < X ≤ n}) = (2m+1)(2n+1) ; (c) P ({X > 1}|{1 ≤ X < 4}) = 16 , P ({1 < X < 6}|{X ≥ 3}) = 11
6
; (d) the
distribution function is

 0
 if x < 1
F (x) = 1
 1−
 if x ≥ 1.
2[x] + 1