Cellular Respiration.

Introduction

1) All living organisms required energy for the activities of life, for example,
movement, maintenance of body temperature, growth and reproduction.
2) Cellular respiration can be defined as complex process in which food molecules or
organic molecules are broken down to harvest chemical energy which is then stored in the
chemical bonds of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
ATP= the energy currency in cells any organism.

Electron transport chain.

1) ETC is under aerobic respiration in stages 4 metabolic pathway in Oxidative

phosphorilation.

2) Oxidative phosphorilation is electron produced from glycolysis and the Kreb cycle
are passed along a series of enzymes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane,
producing ATP via oxidative phosphorilation and Chemiosmosis. Most energy locked in
the original glucose molecule will be released by the electron transport chain and
chemiosmosis

ETC is a
network
of
electron
carrying
proteins
located in
the folds
of the
inner

membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria.

3) The electron carriers in the electron transport chain can be divided into two group:
A) Complexes consisting of integral membrane proteins which act carrier proteins
as well as proton pumps.
I. NADH dehydrogenase or NADH-Q reductase (complex 1)
II. Cytochrome reductase or cytochrome b-c1 complex (complex III)
III. Cytochrome oxidase or cytochrome a-a3 complex (complex IV)
 B) Mobile carrier that shuttle the electrons between the three proton pumps

4) The electron carriers of the electron transport chain are embeddedin the inner
mitochondrial membrane and necessary for oxidative phosphorylation.

* except for ubiquinone, most carrier molecules are protein and are tightly bound to
prosthetic group (non-protein cofactor).