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CONDENSERS
Definition
Condenser is a device in which steam is
condensed to water at a pressure less than
atmosphere.
Condensation can be done by removing heat
from exhaust steam using circulating cooling
water
A condenser is basically steam to water
exchanger in which heat from exhaust steam
is transferred to circulating cooling water
Function
To reduce the turbine exhaust pressure so as
to increase the specific output and hence
increase the plant efficiency and decrease the
specific steam consumption.
Disadvantages
1) Design is complicated and costly
2) High maintenance cost
3) Occupies more space
4) Requires more circulating water
Parallel flow low level Jet condenser
Counter flow low level Jet condenser
High level Jet condenser
Ejector type Jet condenser
Down flow Surface condenser
Central flow Surface condenser
Inverted type Surface condenser
In this type of jet condensers, steam enters
at the bottom of the shell and flows
upwards.
Air extraction pump is placed at the top.
The condensate flows down and removed at
the bottom where condensate pump is
located.
Regenerative type Surface condenser
The condensers used in a regenerative method of heating
the condensate are called regenerative type condensers.
In this type of condensers, the condensate after leaving
the condenser is passed through the exhaust steam where
the temperature is increased.
The condensate at high temperature can be reused as
feed water to the boiler.
This increases the efficiency of the plant and minimise
the fuel consumption.
Evaporative Surface condenser
Sources of air in Condenser
1) Air leakage from atmosphere at the joints of
the parts which are internally under a
pressure less than atmosphere
2) Air accompanied with steam from the
boiler into which it enters dissolved with
feed water
3) In jet condensers, a little quantity of air
accompanies the injection of water in which
it is dissolved
Effects of air leakage in a condenser
4) Corrosion
Methods of obtaining maximum vacuum
1) Air pump