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Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A

Foundation Design For Bungalows - Properties -
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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Properties / Proper Analysis Of Design
And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows (45320 Views)
Cost To Supervise A Foundation Of 2storey Building Of 6flats / Cost Analysis Of Roofing My
3 Bedrooms Flat / Kindly Advise Me. After Paying 16 Million Naira, All I Have Is A
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Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx(m):

I am of the opinion that building contractors and engineers spend too much money on bungalow foundation

My analysis here will be focusing on structural design and cost estimations of different bungalows foundatio
waterlogged, sandy etc. I will also be looking at the commonly used foundation typed for bungalows such a
reinforcement, pad footings, combined pad, continuous footings and extreme cases raft foundation for bung
22 Likes 3 Shares

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

I will start by enumerating the steps that need to be followed why building a bungalows foundation from str
cost.

1. Site clearance
2. transverse survey and the leveling of the site by a land survey or a civil engineer using either total statio
3. the setting out of the building
4. Excavation of foundation trenches
5. Foundation footings( popularly called blinding).
6. Setting of foundation if any in the case of pad footing, combine or continues foundation
7. setting of foundation wall or substructures wall.
8. filling of the foundation
9. preparation of the filled foundation for DPC by compaction
10. Formwork for DPC
11. Placement of oversite concrete on the prepared foundation.
8 Likes 4 Shares
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx(

I will start here explaining each of the steps listed below with simple arithmetic calculations of equilibrium,
the past.

What is site clearance: in a simple language, it is the removal of bushes, trees, and all other unwanted stru
site dump, unwanted sand or gravel etc. It also involved the removal of top vegetable soil of at least 150m
work to be done a solid surface.

How can site clearance be done:

There are two ways in which it can be done, namely;
1. Mechanical ways
2. Manually

1. mechanically: by using a grader to remove this unwanted site materials. This method is faster and cost e
mostly recommend this type clearance for a big to medium project of 1 plot ( 50' x 100 or 15m x 30m) and
Most client are scared to use this method because of the perceived cost implication but in reality it offers m
following advantages.

1. It offers wider coverage of work over a shot period of time.

2. It help to grade site uniformly, make access road to site and help to get rid of vegetable soil of 150mm a
3. Condemned soil from top soil removal can further be used to filled the foundation where laterite or other

Cost implication:
It cost about N60,000 - N80,000 to get a grader in Port harcourt
it cost about N30,000 - N 50,000 to get the vehicle that will bring it to site.
fuel cost of about N20,000
Total of = N110,000 ( minimun)
Total of = N 150,000 ( maximum)

2. manual method: This involve the used of crude implement like cutlass, hoe, rake and shovel to remove t
vegetable soil of a building construction site.
This method is cost effective over a small area of land like half a plot for a 2 bedroom or 1 bedroom flat. It
the mechanical method. it is recommended for a small building project like a two bedroom or one bedroom
It cost about N20,000 or less to prepared a land for two bedroom flat bungalow using this method.
10 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Item 2: Land survey; Land survey is important because it allows the builder/engineer understand the follow
1. Understand the relative height of the site with respect to an ordinance benched mark already in existenc
2. It enable the building line of the building to be known
3. It will also help to control the drainage of the building and the site in future.

Most building owners don't do this item 2 because fear of cost or ignorant but it reality, it is relatively cheap
For a small building project, it cost about N10,000 to rent a theodolite or N20,000 to rent a Total stations fo
operator/surveyor/engineer is paid around N10,000 making a sum of N30,000 ( maximum).
13 Likes 1 Share

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx
Item 3. setting out : setting involve the transferring of information on the structural drawings, architectura
ground for construction of a house to be possible.

Setting out can also be done using the following two method:
1. It can be done manually
2. It can also be done using surveyors instrument like total station or a theodolite.

For most bungalow with dimension of building less than 20m in both width and length, manual method can
materials for a typical setting out
1. peg
2. Line
3. profile board ( 2 x 2'' soft wood)
4. nail ( 3'', 2'' and 11/2'' nail)
5. Builder's square, plumb, meters rule, tabe etc.

How to estimate materials for setting out

to get number of pegs required;
1. Get the perimeter of the building.
2. increase the perimeter by 25%
3. divide the perimeter by 2 ( i normally spaced my pegs @ 2m c/c)
4. since there are 20 pegs in a bundle and a bundle cost about N1,200. the result from 3 above is further d
and the result is multiply by N1,200 to know the cost of peg.

to get number of profile board ( 2 x 2'' soft wood)

1. using the result of 2 above, divide the result by 3m ( since 2 x 2 comes in 3.6m )
2. since each 2 x 2'' soft wood cost about N200, multiply the result in above by N200 to get the cost of pro

in summary, it cost about N40,000 for materials and workmanship to set out a typical three bedroom flat b

a typical profile board

5 Likes 2 Shares
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by nwabuwa: 5:3

ride on sir..ur student eager to learn..

6 Likes
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx(

Item 4: foundation excavation; this involve the removal of soil along the path of the building wall as drawn
plans as the case may be. For a simple bungalow, a foundation layout showing the width of excavation ( gir

1.width of foundation excavation or trench = to 3 x width of the block to be used for the building
e.g, for a bungalow built with a 150mm ( 6'') on relatively solid soil, width = 3 x 150 = 450mm
for a bungalow built with 225mm (9''), width = 225 x 3 = 675mm

for a poorer soil of low bearing capacity ( water lodged and sandy soil).
width = weight of wall per unit length/ bearing capacity = w/qu (N/m/N/m2)
where the weight of wall per unit length = unit weight of block wall plus finishes x height of wall.

some strip foundation for a bungalow can be reinforced if the soil is poor.

2. Depth of foundation for a simple bungalow ( strip foundation)

8 Likes 1 Share
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by Shawls: 4:43am

I sent you an email.Pls can you go through it and send reply to same address.Thanks.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx
Shawls:
I sent you an email.Pls can you go through it and send reply to same address.Thanks.

I will check sir....thanks

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Cost of excavation: the rate of excavation is around N1000- N600/m depending on the location of the proje

Bill of quantity is prepared in cubic meters but labourers are paid per meters. you will need to work out the
1 cubic meter of a trench of the following dimensions 675mm x 900mm x 1000mm can be converted into a
will be 0.6m for the perimeter billing.
1 Like 1 Share

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by nwabuwa: 8:2

well done..what is the thickness of strip foundation footing for 6" and 9" wall.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

nwabuwa:
well done..what is the thickness of strip foundation footing for 6" and 9" wall.

IT DEPEND ON THE NATURE OF THE SOIL.

FOR 9" BLOCK ON A NORMAL SOIL ( Qu between >|100kN/m2) = 225mm ( 9"
FOR 6" BLOCK ON A NORMAL SOIL = 150mm
7 Likes

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by Aventures(m):

Nice analysis, this kind of article is somehow scarce on Property section of NL this days. I am happy to read
builders, clients and students. pls ride on.

But, just a little observation, the cost of setting out/pegging in item 3 is 40k does this include excavation or
clarification.

Thanks

Aventures.
5 Likes

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Aventures:
Nice analysis, this kind of article is somehow scarce on Property section of NL this days. I am happy to read
builders, clients and students. pls ride on.

But, just a little observation, the cost of setting out/pegging in item 3 is 40k does this include excavation or
clarification.

Thanks

Aventures.

here in port Harcourt, it is the cost of setting out ( pegging )

here is the breakdown for a three bedroom flat
1. pegs = 4bundles ( @N1000/bundle = N4,000)

2. profile board = 30 nr of 2 x 2" ( N200/nr = N6,000)

3. builder's square, line, plumb and nail = N10,000

4. transportation = N5,000

5. Labor cost = N5,000 ( 1 carpenter and 1 labor)

6. Professional charges = N 10,000

TOTAL = N 40,000
3 Likes 1 Share

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by cconcept: 3:27

OP,good job you are doing.

Alternative building technologies lessons will also be appreciated in this analysis class.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by Aventures(m):

abdulwastecx:

here in port Harcourt, it is the cost of setting out ( pegging )

here is the breakdown for a three bedroom flat
1. pegs = 4bundles ( @N1000/bundle = N4,000)
2. profile board = 30 nr of 2 x 2" ( N200/nr = N6,000)
3. builder's square, line, plumb and nail = N10,000
4. transportation = N5,000
5. Labor cost = N5,000 ( 1 carpenter and 1 labor)
6. Professional charges = N 10,000
TOTAL = N 40,000
Thanks for the clarification

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

mix ratio for foundation footing for bungalow should either be 1:3:6 or 1:2:4 for normal soil.
i prefer 1:2:4 ( 1 bag of cement : 4 head pan of sand or 1 wheel barrow of sand : 8 head pan of gravel or 2
the foundation of bungalow is very important because it help to distributes the wall load to foundation adeq
A typical foundations supporting a three bedroom flat or its equivalent should have the following features
1. minimum thickness of 100mm ( 4'') and should not more than 225mm (9'') thick on a strong soil for eco
2. the sharp sand should not be too smooth and free from clay and other dirt which may reduce the strengt
3. the gravel should be preferably 3/4 ( 20mm) thick and must be free from dust.
4. the water for mixing should be drinkable and free from salt and other chemical contamination
5. the water-cement ratio must not be greater than 0.6.

mode of calculating the volume of concrete for foundation footings ( strip foundation).
1. get the sum of the total gird of the substructure, let say 'P' = 50 ( example)
2. get the width of the foundation, say 450mm (18'') for 150mm ( 6" wall and 675mm ( 27" ) for 225mm
3. Assume a thickness of say 150mm for 6" wall and or 225mm for 9" wall.
4. convert all your dimension to 'm'
5. hence volume, v =50x 0.45 x 0.15 = 3.375m3
6. increase the volume by 25% to cater for shrinkage and wastage. =1.25 x 3.375= 4.05m3

using mix ratio 1:2:4

part of cement = 1/7 x4.05 =0.58m3
since the density of ordinary Portland cement s 1506kg/m3
and i bag = 50kg
hence, no of bags = 0.58 x 1506/50 =17.4bags ( 18 bags aprox.)

part of sand = 2/7 x 4.05 =1.16m3

since the density of sharp sand is 1600kg/m3 and a tonne of sharp sand is 1000kg
hence, 1.16 x 1600/1000 = 1.856tonnes ( 2 tonnes aprox.)

part of gravel = 2 x 1.16 = 2.32m3

since the density of gravel is 2400kg/m3 and a tonne of gravel weight 1000kg
hence, 2.32 x 2.4 =5.57tonnes ( 6 tonnes )

part of water using water cement ratio of 0.6

weight of water = 0.6 weight of cement = 0.6 x 18 x 50 =540kg
volume of water required, from density = mass/volume
making volume subject, volume = mass/density
where density of water = 1000kg/m3
hence, volume of water required = 540/1000= 0.54m3
since,1m3 = 1000liters
volume of water required = 540 liters
11 Likes 2 Shares

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by Akinbaba(m):

Please can you drop your email address.

Thanks

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Akinbaba:
Please can you drop your email address.
Thanks

jwastecx@gmail.com
2 Likes

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

I have been away from the property section due to work. I am back to continue my analysis.
2 Likes

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

item 6.
sub structural block wall: this is part of the building that is built below the floor level serving as part of the

It is normally built with either hollow 9" block or 6'' block ( but i prefer 9" block).
the strength of the block should be within 4 - 1N/mm2

how to calculate the number of block required for a particular foundation.

1. get the perimeter of all the sub structural wall
2. get the height of such wall ( mostly 3ft or 900mm)
3. get the product of (2) and (1) to get the area of the block required
4. multiply the result in (3) above by 1.25 ( which is 25% to cater for breakage of block
5. since there are 10blocks in a 1m2 area of wall. multiply the area from (4) by 10 to get the number of blo

mortar for the block wall using 1: 6 (one bag of cement to 12 head pan of sharp sand)
number of cement required for every 60blocks in 1 bag

workmanship for block work,

9" block is been set for 50-70N per block and 6" goes for N40-N50 per block
5 Likes 3 Shares

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by olumidazz: 2:4

oga nice work where have you been it's almost over a week now

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

i have been a bit busy sir, now i am back.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Item 8 :Filling of the foundation to required height

This is done after the completion of the foundation block and casting of foundation column( if any). the mos
laterite or sandy soil in area with no laterite ( south southern states like rivers and bayelsa).

after filling the foundation should be left for a period at least one week during raining season to be compact
manually with rammer of mechanically with a compactor.
2 Likes 1 Share

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

DPC also known as over site concrete is a structural element that is made up of membrane, and concrete la
mostly 5mm iron mesh to avoid cracking of the concrete layers.

The thickness of this oversite concrete vary from say 3" to 6'' ( depending on the financial strength of the c
The mix ratio popularly used vary from 1:2:4 to 1:3:6 ( the use of 1:3:6 for bungalows built on considerab
filling of the foundation). for a simple bungalow a depth of 4"(100mm) or 75mm (3" can be used provide

the membrane popularly used is polythene and the polythene serve the proposed of preventing moisture fr
super structural walls above, such moisture rise when not prevent can cause swollen and pilling of finishes
structure.

picture below of a typical membrane, mesh and the over site concrete
3 Likes 1 Share
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

i am open to any question

2 Likes
Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by laplace19(m):

abdulwastecx:
item 6.
sub structural block wall: this is part of the building that is built below the floor level serving as part of the

It is normally built with either hollow 9" block or 6'' block ( but i prefer 9" block).
the strength of the block should be within 4 - 1N/mm2

how to calculate the number of block required for a particular foundation.

1. get the perimeter of all the sub structural wall
2. get the height of such wall ( mostly 3ft or 900mm)
3. get the product of (2) and (1) to get the area of the block required
4. multiply the result in (3) above by 1.25 ( which is 25% to cater for breakage of block
5. since there are 10blocks in a 1m2 area of wall. divide the area from (4) by 10 to get the number of block

mortar for the block wall using 1: 6 (one bag of cement to 12 head pan of sharp sand)
number of cement required for every 60blocks in 1 bag

workmanship for block work,

9" block is been set for 50-70N per block and 6" goes for N40-N50 per block

Sir Abdul, please check that No.5... I think it should be "... multiply the area from (4) by 10 to get the num

You are good,bro.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by Icon4s(m): 8:3

So my Brother pls what is the estimated total cost for a foundation of 4Bedroom bungallow on a dry land.?

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

laplace19:

Sir Abdul, please check that No.5... I think it should be "... multiply the area from (4) by 10 to get the num

You are good,bro.

thanks sir for the correction..

1 Like

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by abdulwastecx

Icon4s:
So my Brother pls what is the estimated total cost for a foundation of 4Bedroom bungallow on a dry land.?
setting out = 40k
excavation = 80 - 100k ( with a depth of 600mm and width of 450 or 675mm)
blinding concrete = 250k ( assuming 15k/cubic meter)
block work blocks both materials and workmanship= 500K
some foundation side columns = 80k
filling = base on site condition
dpc of 100mm thick (4" = 350k

TOTAL WITHOUT SUPERVISION FEE AND FILLING = 1.35m ( for a very solid job)
3 Likes 1 Share

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by mufutau55(m)

abdulwastecx:

thanks sir for the correction..

Original corrected...

Hajji M.

Re: Proper Analysis Of Design And Cost Of A Foundation Design For Bungalows by sule4: 5:36pm

abdulwastecx:
DPC also known as over site concrete is a structural element that is made up of membrane, and concrete la
mostly 5mm iron mesh to avoid cracking of the concrete layers.

The thickness of this oversite concrete vary from say 3" to 6'' ( depending on the financial strength of the c
The mix ratio popularly used vary from 1:2:4 to 1:3:6 ( the use of 1:3:6 for bungalows built on considerab
filling of the foundation). for a simple bungalow a depth of 4"(100mm) or 75mm (3" can be used provide

the membrane popularly used is polythene and the polythene serve the proposed of preventing moisture fr
super structural walls above, such moisture rise when not prevent can cause swollen and pilling of finishes
structure.

picture below of a typical membrane, mesh and the over site concrete
Abdul, is there any setback to the structure if I wait till after roofing, plumbing and electrical work before do
4 Likes 2 Shares