Design and Analysis of Z Shape Micro Strip Patch Antenna for

Wireless Application
Abdulbasit M. Al-Moqadam
Al - Saeed Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
Taiz University

E-mail: almoqadam7366@gmail.com

Abstract— In this paper, a rectangular micro strip patch of substrate materials come to the fore in order to determine
antenna is designed using HFSS software. The designed antenna the loss and bandwidth performances of a micro strip antenna.
has a resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz which is applicable to There are numerous substrates that can be used for the
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). This paper shows the design of microstrip antennas, and their dielectric constants are
design considerations of the proposed antenna as well as the
usually in the range of 2.2 ≤ 𝜀 r ≤ 12. The ones that are most
simulated results of the same. The design is made on FR-4 Epoxy
material used as a dielectric material with its dielectric constant= desirable for antenna performance are thick substrates whose
4.4 and thickness of 2mm. The proposed antenna is then dielectric constant is in the lower end of the range because they
fabricated on the basis of the simulated design in HFSS provide better efficiency, larger bandwidth, loosely bound
simulation software. After fabricating the MSA, the fabricated fields for radiation into space, but at the expense of larger
results were taken and are shown in the paper. The simple element size
structured configuration and low profile of the proposed antenna In this proposed antenna design we have used FR4 as
makes the fabrication process easy and also suitable for the the substrate material having relative permittivity of 4.4 and
application in the WLAN. dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009.The width and length of the
micro strip antenna are determined as follows:
Key words: Z Shape patch antenna, Return Loss, VSWR,
Impedance, Ansoft HFSS 13
Width of the metallic patch (W), calculate using
equation (1)
I. INTRODUCTION 𝑐 2
𝑊= √𝜀 ……………………………..(1)
2𝑓𝑟 𝑟 +1
In Wireless communication, there are several types of
micro strip antenna the most common of which is this micro
strip. Microstrip antenna consists of very small conducting Where, C is the velocity of light
patch patch built on a ground plane separated by dielectric
substrate. The patch shapes such as the square, rectangular, The actual Length of the metallic patch (L), can be
circular, triangular, semicircular, elliptical shapes are used. calculated using equation (2)
The micro strip patch antenna offers the advantages of low
profile, ease of fabrication and compatibility with integrated 𝑐
circuit technology. The patch antenna idea was first proposed 𝐿= − 2∆𝐿 ……………………………(2)
2𝑓𝑟 √𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓
in the early 1950s but it was not until the late 1970s that this
type of antenna attracted serious attention of the antenna
community. In this paper a compact size Z shaped antenna has Where,
been designed having good impedance matching as well as 1
high antenna efficiency of about 95% is achieved. The (𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 𝐻 2
𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 = + [1 + 12 ]
proposed antenna The 10 dB return loss impedance bandwidth 2 2 𝑊
is found to be 16.8 MHz (0.7%).
Where the dimensions of the patch along its length have
been extended on each end by a distance ∆𝐿, which is a
function of the effective dielectric constant 𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 and the
II. GEOMETRY OF PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN width to height ratio (W/H), and the normalized extension of
the length, is calculate using equation (3)
The geometry of the designed antenna is shown in the
Fig.1.The antenna is made up of a single patch on top, one 𝑊
∆𝐿 (𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.300)( +0.262)
𝐻
layers of dielectric (air). The Z- shape patch has W x L = 0.412 𝑊 ………………(3)
dimension. The antenna is fed by micro strip feed line 𝐻 (𝜀𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258)( +0.813)
𝐻
technique. One of the major design considerations for the
design of micro strip antenna is the selection of substrate
materials. Thickness, dielectric permittivity and loss tangent
 The antenna is designed with FR4 glass epoxy substrate XY Plot 2 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
375.00 Curve Info
having dielectric constant of 4.4. Name X Y VSWRt(patch_T1)
m1 2.4060 1.7317 Setup1 : Sweep1
Length of the ground plane Lg = 90.69 mm,
Width of the ground plane Wg = 69.1 mm,

VSWRt(patch_T1)
Length of the patch L = 37.55 mm, 250.00

Width of the patch W = 29.29 mm,

125.00

m1
0.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
Fig. 3 VSWR Simulation result

C. Z-Parameter

The proposed antenna is simulated and is perfectly

matched and its input impedance is found to be 55.05021
Fig. 1 Z-shape antenna + j27.99 Ω. as shown in Fig.4.

XY Plot 3 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT

5000.00
Curve Info
re(Zt(patch_T1,patch_T1))
Setup1 : Sw eep1
im(Zt(patch_T1,patch_T1))
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2500.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1

0.00 27.9942 55.0502

A. Return Loss Vs Frequency
Y1

The simulated return loss of proposed antenna can be -2500.00

comprehended in Fig.2. It shows the return loss of (-

11.4207dB) compared to other antennas, which is sufficient -5000.00
for the wireless communication application.

Name X Y Return Loss Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT -7500.00

m10.002.4060 -11.4207 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
MX1: 2.4000

-2.00 Fig. 4 Z-parameter Simulation result

-4.00 Curve Info 10db bandwith(-10)

dB(St(1,1))
dB(St(1,1))

0.0168
Setup1 : Sweep1
-6.00 D. Antenna Gain

-8.00
The simulated antenna gain against the frequency is
shown in Fig 5 and fig 6
-10.00
m1

-12.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Freq [GHz]
Fig. 2 Return loss Vs. Frequency

B. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

The VSWR is obtained approximately to 1.7 at a cut-
off frequency of 2.4GHz

Fig. 5 3D _Gain Total

 Name X Y XY Plot 15 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
Radiation Pattern 8 Patch_Antenna_ADKv1 ANSOFT
10.00 0.0000 6.6184
m1 Curve Info
m1
dB(GainTotal) 0 Curve Info
5.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg' dB(rETotal)
-30 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-0.00 -2.00 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(rETotal)
-5.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-9.00 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
dB(GainTotal)

-60 60
-10.00 dB(rETotal)
-16.00 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
-15.00 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='180deg'

-23.00
-20.00

-25.00 -90 90

-30.00

-35.00
-200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Theta [deg]

-120 120
Fig. 6 Antenna Gain Vs Frequency

-150 150

-180

Fig. 8 Radition Pattern

E. Current Distribution in 3D

Fig.7 depicts that the 3D current / field distribution of the

IV. CONCLUSION
proposed antenna. The blue color fields shows that the
maximum current distribution in an implantable antenna
structure. This paper represents the design of low profile Z-shape
micro strip patch antenna with a 2.4GHz cut-off frequency and
from this proposed microstrip patch antenna have been
achieved the value of VSWR 1.7 and return loss is -
11.4207dB. The result shows that Z-shape antenna has better
performance in the frequency range of 0.6 GHz -2GHz.

V Acknowledgment

Very thankful to Dr. Abdualaziz Alhatar, for valuable

suggestions and also for his constant encouragement.

References
Fig. 7 Current Distribution
[1] Harshit Srivastava, Budhadeb Maity. “Design and Analysis of Z-Shape
Microstrip Patch Antenna used for Wireless Communication,”
International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization
Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016.
[2] Namrata Mire, Mahesh Mule, Neha Ninawe, Pratik Bawne, “Design
and Analysis of Z Shape Micro Strip Patch Antenna for
Wideband Application,” IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific
F. Radiation Pattern Research & Development| Vol. 5, Issue 01, 2017 | ISSN (online): 2321-
0613.
[3] Constanantine A.Balanis,“ Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, John
Fig.8 demonstratethe simulated radiation characteristics Wiley and Sons, New York, 2005.
pattern at the frequency of 1.6GHz.