ICHMT-03190; No of Pages 9

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx

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International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ichmt

1 Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure☆

2Q1 Nirmalendu Biswas a, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra b,⁎, Nirmal K. Manna a

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3 a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
4 b
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UIC, Chicago 60607, USA

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5 a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

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6
7 Available online xxxx Thermal management in a ventilated enclosure undergoing mixed convection is investigated by dividing the en- 15

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tire heating element into multiple equal segments and by positioning them appropriately on vertical side walls, 16
8 Keywords: namely at bottom, middle or top location. The performance analyses of segmental heating and whole heating are 17
9 Ventilated enclosure conducted for different Richardson number (0.01–100) and Reynolds number (50–200). Nine positional config- 18

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10 Mixed convection urations of bi-segmental heating reveal that the significant enhancement in heat transfer could be achieved from 19
11 Heat transfer enhancement
bi-segmental heating. The optimal locations of heater segments for maximum heat transfer depend upon Re and 20
12 Segmental heating
13 Finite volume method
Ri. The study also indicates the increasing trend of heat transfer enhancement with more number of heater 21
segments. 22
14
23
Richardson number
D © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
27
25
24
E
26

28 1. Introduction flow governing parameters like, Reynolds number, Richardson number 53

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and Prandtl number. 54

29 The study of mixed convection receives a considerable attention The designing of a thermal system requires insight knowledge of the 55
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30 since long past due to its dependency on flow geometry and boundary flow fields and heat transfer for proper management of the distribution 56
31 condition, and its applicability in different areas like cooling of electron- of heating load in a given geometry. The information related to heat 57
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32 ic and electrical equipments, room cooling, air conditioning, drying, transfer enhancement is also very important to cater the ever- 58
33 grains and food processing, solar heating, nuclear reactor, combustion increasing demand on higher performance or size reduction of a system 59
34 chambers. Earlier, rectangular enclosures (or cavities) were used by re- or device. In this context, the present work is formulated to distribute 60
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35 searchers [1–7] for studying mixed convection, where the external the entire heating load in a positive way so that the resulting heat 61
36 flows (inflow and outflow) were provided directly through side open- transfer can be increased significantly utilizing the same enclosure ge- 62
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37 ings [1–5] or through additional ports [6–9]. The isothermal heat source ometry and external fluid flow. The investigation is made in terms of 63
38 of fixed length was considered in [2,7,10] for a differentially heated [1,2] average Nusselt number, heat transfer enhancement, isotherms and 64
39 or partially heated [4,8] enclosure. The iso-flux heat source of fixed streamlines. 65
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40 length was also investigated in [4,5,11–15] under mixed convection.

41 The study was extended to address the case of discrete heating using 2. Physical description and mathematical formulation 66
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42 two or more numbers of heat sources [3]. In other class of works, differ-
43 ent obstructions were embedded within enclosures in the form of adia- The details of ventilated enclosure of this work as depicted in Fig. 1 67
44 batic baffle [18], conducting baffle [19] or partition [14,20], conducting consists of a rectangular enclosure of height 1.2 L and width L, and two 68
N

45 block(s) [16,17] and adiabatic block(s) [21]. The effect of aspect ratio ventilation ducts of 0.2 L × 0.2 L. The inlet and outlet ducts, and top and 69
46 of the enclosure by keeping the length and position of heater fixed, bottom walls of the enclosure are taken adiabatic. Whereas, the side 70
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47 was studied in [22] whereas, the effects of position of ports or vents walls are utilized for the placement of heating element(s) assumed to 71
48 [3], location of the same heater on different side of enclosure [7] and have a fixed temperature Th. Air (Pr = 0.71) is used as a working fluid. 72
49 thermal condition from constant heating [4] to non-uniform [23] or pe- The temperature of surrounding air where the enclosure is located is 73
50 riodic heating [24] are also available in the open literatures. The analysis taken constant as Ta. The overall length of all heating element(s) is L 74
51 of heat transfer is the primary focus of all these studies, which is gener- (Fig. 1a) and it could be accommodated as a whole heater either on the 75
52 ally investigated in terms of average Nusselt number by changing the left wall or on the right wall (as shown in Fig. 1c) of the enclosure. On 76
the other hand, the entire length of the heating element(s) if divided 77
into two equal halves as shown in Fig. 1b, they could be placed on either 78
☆ Communicated by W.J. Minkowycz.
side of the enclosure at different locations namely bottom, middle or top 79
⁎ Corresponding author. portion of side walls as shown in Fig. 1d. It yields nine possible combina- 80
E-mail address: pallabju@gmail.com (P.S. Mahapatra). tions which are named (for brevity) using the positions of left and right 81

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
0735-1933/© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 2 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx

heater segments as bottom–bottom (BB), bottom-middle (BM), bottom– 82

T1:1 Nomenclature top (BT), middle-bottom (MB), middle–middle (MM), middle-top (MT), 83
top–bottom (TB), top-middle (TM) and top–top (TT) (segmental/seg- 84
T1:2 g acceleration due to gravity mented) heater. 85
T1:3 Gr Grashof number Heat transfers from the whole heaters (Fig. 1c) are to be compared to 86
T1:4 k thermal conductivity that of bi-segmented heaters (Fig. 1d) to assess the improvement in 87
T1:5 L length of heating element/length scale performance through the division. More number of divisions (up to 88
T1:6 n number of heater segments 10) of whole heating element (of length L) is investigated afterwards, 89
T1:7 Nu Nusselt number after identifying the positional impact of bi-segmental heater on heat 90
T1:8 q dimensionless heat transfer transfer. 91
T1:9 p pressure For the purpose of thermal analysis, the length of whole heater and 92
T1:10 pa ambient pressure the distance between two side walls are taken same as L. The flow is 93
T1:11 P dimensionless pressure assumed to be two-dimensional Cartesian, steady, incompressible, 94
T1:12 Pr Prandtl number Newtonian and laminar, and governed by Boussinesq approximation. 95

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T1:13 Re Reynolds number Insignificant viscous dissipation in energy equation is neglected [25]. 96
T1:14 Ri Richardson number The numerical simulations are carried out in non-dimensional form. 97

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T1:15 T temperature So, corresponding governing equations for continuity, momentum and 98
T1:16 Ta ambient temperature energy balances are considered in dimensionless form as: 99
T1:17 Th heating element temperature

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T1:18 u, v velocity components ∂U ∂V
þ ¼0 ð1Þ
T1:19 ui velocity at inlet port ∂X ∂Y 101
T1:20 U, V dimensionless velocity components

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! 102
T1:21 x, y Cartesian coordinates ∂U ∂U ∂P 1 ∂ U ∂ U
2 2

T1:22
T1:23 X, Y dimensionless coordinates U þV ¼− þ þ ð2Þ
∂X ∂Y ∂X Re ∂X 2 ∂Y 2

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104
T1:24 Greek symbols ! 105
2 2
T1:25 α thermal diffusivity ∂V ∂V ∂P 1 ∂ V ∂ V Gr
U þV ¼− þ þ þ θ ð3Þ
T1:26 β ∂X ∂Y ∂Y Re ∂X 2 ∂Y 2 Re2
thermal expansion coefficient
D 107
T1:27 ψ dimensionless stream function 108
!
T1:28 θ dimensionless temperature ∂θ ∂θ 1 ∂ θ ∂ θ
2 2
E
T1:29 ε dimensionless heater segment length U þV ¼ þ : ð4Þ
∂X ∂Y Re Pr ∂X 2 ∂Y 2
T1:30 ν kinematic viscosity
110
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T1:31
T1:32 ρ density
Where, the scaled variables and dimensionless quantities are
T1:33 defined by 111
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Subscripts
T1:34 avg average
x y u v p−pa T−T a
T1:35 LH left heater X¼ ; Y¼ ; U¼ ; V¼ ; P¼ ; θ¼
E

T1:36 RH right heater L L ui ui ρu2i T h −T a

113
T1:37 SH segmented heaters 114
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T1:38 SL left segment ui L ν gβðT h −T a ÞL3

Re ¼ ; Pr ¼ ; Gr ¼ :
T1:39
T1:40 SR right segment ν α ν2
116
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L L/2 L/2
(a) Overall length of heating element(s) (b) Equal segments of heating element(s)
C

L 0.2L L 0.2L
N

Th Flow out 0.2L Flow out 0.2L

Top (T)

OR Ta
Ta OR OR
Left Heater (LH)
U

Middle (M)

L Th Th L Ta
Top (T)

g g
Bottom (B)

OR OR OR
Right Heater (RH)

L Ta L Th
Middle (M)
Bottom (B)

y,v y,v
Flow in Flow in
x,u x,u
Adiabatic Adiabatic

(c) Whole heater arrangements (LH, RH) (d) Segmented heater arrangements
(BB, BM, BT, MB, MM, MT, TB, TM, TT)

Fig. 1. Schematic arrangement of heating element in a ventilated enclosure.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 3

The above equations are solved applying no-slip and no-penetration where, n is even number segments considered in this work to dis- 139
117 conditions on all the walls (U = V = 0), uniform inlet velocity (U = 1), tribute them equally on both the side walls and ε is dimensionless
118 P = 0 at exit, zero temperature gradient on all adiabatic walls and at length of each segment. For bi-segmental heater, Eq. (7) simplifies to 140
119 exit, and zero dimensionless temperature (θ = 0) of ambient air. In-
120 house CFD code based on the finite volume method (FVM), SIMPLE al- Z
0:5  Z
0:5 
∂θ  ∂θ 
121 gorithm [26], TDMA (Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm) solver and ADI qSH ¼ −  dY þ −  dY ¼ 0:5ðNuavgSL þ NuavgSR Þ
122 (Alternating Direction Implicit) sweep, is utilized for numerical simula- ∂X X¼0:2 ∂X X¼1:2
0 0
123 tions. The validation of code under mixed convection was presented
124 earlier by Sharma et al. [27]. After conducting an appropriate grid inde- ¼ NuavgSH :
125 pendence study (using non-uniformly distributed five different mesh ð8Þ
126 sizes of 60 × 40, 100 × 80, 140 × 120 and 200 × 175), the grid size for 142
127 the present problem is selected as 140 × 120.
128 The rate of heat removal from the heating element is expressed in 3. Results and discussion
129 terms of average Nusselt number (Nuavg), which is defined for different

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130 cases (left heater, right heater or segmented heater) of present problem In the present work, the focus has been given on the relative perfor- 143
131 by mance of segmental heaters over whole heater, and accordingly the re- 144

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sults are presented systematically in the following subsections. 145
132 For whole heater:

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Z1  Z1
∂θ  3.1. Heat transfer from whole and segmented heaters 146
qLH ¼ − dY ¼ Nu  dY ¼ NuavgLH ð5Þ
∂X X¼0:2
avgLH

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0 0 Heat transfers from whole heaters (left and right) and bi-segmented 147
heater of nine positional combinations are presented for Ri = 0.01–100 148
134
in Fig. 2 at Re = 100. Following Eqs. (5) and (6) the average Nusselt 149

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135
Z1  Z1 numbers for whole left heater and whole right heater are computed 150
∂θ  151
qRH ¼ −  dY ¼ NuavgRH  dY ¼ NuavgRH : ð6Þ and the same is included in each column of Fig. 2 as a reference. It re-
∂X X¼1:2 veals that the average Nusselt number of whole left heater (NuavgLH) is 152
0 0
137
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less compared to the average Nusselt number of whole right heater 153
(NuavgRH). On the other hand, (NuavgSH) of bi-segmented heater based 154
For segmented heater:
on Eq. (8) shows higher values for all bottom–bottom (BB), bottom- 155
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0 1 0 1 middle (BM) and bottom–top (BT) configurations. The same is also 156
X Z
ε¼1=n  X Z
ε¼1=n 
n=2
B ∂θ  C
n=2
B ∂θ  C true for all other configurations along the middle row (MB, MM and 157
qSH ¼ @ −  dY A þ @ −  dY A
T

∂X X¼0:2 ∂X X¼1:2 MT) and along the top row (TB, TM and TT) of the figure. In general, 158
k¼1
0
k¼1
0 ð7Þ
for all heating configurations (whole and segmental), the heat transfer 159
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  is found to increase with Ri due to stronger buoyancy force with increas- 160
¼ 0:5 NuavgSL þ NuavgSR ¼ NuavgSH ing Ri (particularly after Ri N 1). For Re = 100, the heat transfer 161
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N
U

Fig. 2. Average Nusselt number against Richardson number at Re = 100.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 4 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx

162 enhancement with respect to left whole heater is found to be maximum difference increases with the increase in Ri. The relative position of 176
163 for middle–middle configuration of bi-segmental heating, which is curves with Ri is found to be consistent in TB, TM, TT (along upper 177
164 above 147% at Ri ≤ 1, 56% at Ri = 10 and 19% at Ri = 100. With respect row of Fig. 2) and MM (in the middle of second row). For all other 178
165 to right whole heater, the above values become 60%, 41% and 11%, re- cases (MB, MT, BB, BM, BT) at higher Ri, the curves of left and right heat- 179
166 spectively. At Ri b 1, the heat transfer is mainly governed by the external er segments intersect each other reversing their dominating role on 180
167 flow and here, compared to the whole heater, the external flow can ef- heat transfer. These facts establish the strong positional impact of heater 181
168 fectively cool both the heater segments located on either side-walls of segments on flow fields which is discussed in great details in Fig. 5 later. 182
169 the enclosure.
170 The contributions of heat transfer from the individual parts of bi- 3.2. Visualization of thermal and flow fields of left, right and MM segmented 183
171 segmented heater are also indicated (in dotted lines) in all the position- heaters 184
172 al cases to identify the dominating segment of the heater. The closeness
173 in Nuavg of left heater segment (NuavgSL) and right heater segment The reasons behind the different trends of Nuavg curves of Fig. 2 185
174 (NuavgSR) is noticed in the cases of BM and BB, whereas the wider differ- could be explained by analyzing their respective flow-fields. According- 186
175 ence is observed for the cases of TT and TM. In case of TB and MM the ly in Figs. 3 and 4, the flow-fields for left heater, right heater and 187

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Left heater Right heater MM segmented heater

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P
Re=100, Ri=0.1

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T
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C
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Re=100, Ri=1

Fig. 3. Visualization of isotherms and streamlines at Re = 100 and Ri = 0.1, 1.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 5

Left heater Right heater MM-heater

Re=200, Ri=10

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Re=200, Ri=100

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N

Fig. 4. Visualization of isotherms and streamlines at Re = 200 and Ri = 10, 100.

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188 middle–middle (MM) configuration of segmented heater are presented heater (as depicted by distributed isotherms), the flow pattern is almost 201
189 in terms of isotherms and streamlines for Re = 100 and 200, and Ri = same for Ri = 0.1. Circulating vortices arising from forced convection 202
190 0.1, 1, 10 and 100. The flow geometry and inlet–outlet ports configura- causes the flow turning, first upward then leftward. When Ri = 1, the 203
191 tion are same for all the cases studied in this work. So, the external flow flow fields of right heater remain almost unchanged as the directions 204
192 enters into the enclosure from the left-bottom opening and exits of the rising of buoyant flow along the right heater and the external 205
193 through the top-right opening for all the cases, but the patterns of air flowing over the heater surface are same. However, noticeable 206
194 flow-fields are totally different for each heater case under any Re–Ri changes in isotherms and streamlines are observed for the left heater 207
195 combination, which can be realized from Figs. 3 and 4. and the MM-heater, due to the presence of heat source at left wall of 208
196 Comparing the results of Ri = 0.1 and 1 of Fig. 3, it is apparent that the enclosure. It breaks the aforesaid forced convection vortex by up- 209
197 the buoyancy-driven flow starts to modify the flow pattern or stream- ward moving hot air and thereby draws the external flow stream to- 210
198 lines when Ri N 0.1. In fact, at Ri below 0.1 no significant changes in iso- wards the left heater (whole or segmented). From the isotherm 211
199 therms and streamlines are observed. Though the isothermal fields are distribution, the thickness of thermal boundary layer over each heater 212
200 completely different for each case of left, right and MM segmented could be realized and it justifies the order of magnitude of Nuavg for 213

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 6 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx

214 left heater, right heater and MM segmented heater presented earlier as Further increase in Ri = 100 at same Re = 200 makes flow patterns 232
215 NuavgLH b NuavgRH b NuavgSH. more complex. Both velocity and temperature boundary layers become 233
216 As Ri increases to 10, the external flow gets strongly adhered to all thinner. The size of circulating vortex becomes significantly larger and it 234
217 heating sources, that is indicated by streamlines in Fig. 4. Even though is stretched horizontally in such a way that the vortex compresses the 235
218 the external flow is stronger (as Re = 200), the flow entering into the external flow streams against the vertical walls. 236
219 enclosure takes sharp upward turn for left heater and transposes the
220 earlier-said vortex to the opposite corner of the enclosure. For right 3.3. Visualization of positional effects of bi-segmented heater on flow-fields 237
221 heater the size and strength of vortex are found to increase at same lo-
222 cation. For MM-heater, two counter-rotating recirculations manage the The effects of specific position of individual parts of bi-segmented 238
223 distribution of external flow into two streams over right and left seg- heater can be realized from flow-field contour plots as shown in Fig. 5 239
224 ments of the heater. The rising hot-air for both left and right whole heat- for two different values of Re, Re = 100 in Fig. 5a and Re = 200 in 240
225 er cases does not heat up circulating vortices significantly as could be Fig. 5b. All nine positional configurations are given in this figure follow- 241
226 understood from their respective isotherms. In contrast, MM-heater ing the earlier scheme of arrangement, that is row-wise left segment 242
227 configuration shows the existence of both cold and hot circulations in and column-wise right segment of the heater. 243

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228 the enclosure. For all the cases the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) in- For each Re, the flow patterns along the bottom row of the figure 244
229 creases with the decrease of the thickness of thermal boundary layer. clearly reflects the division of incoming flow stream into two parts: 245

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230 Moreover, the isotherm contours of MM-heater clearly indicate higher one goes along the left wall while other to the right wall. As the heater 246
231 rate of heat transfer from the right segment of heater. position on the right wall changes (which is clearly visible from the local 247

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(7) TB (8) TM (9) TT (7) TB (8) TM (9) TT

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(4) MB (5) MM (6) MT

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(4) MB (5) MM (6) MT

N
U

(1) BB (2) BM (3) BT (1) BB (2) BM (3) BT

a) Re=100 and Ri=10 (b) Re=200 and Ri=10

Fig. 5. Isotherms and streamlines of bi-segmented heater arrangements.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 7

248 concentration of isotherms in their respective isotherm plots) from bot- irrespective of Re values. Whereas, at Re = 200 and Ri ≤ 10, MT config- 285
249 tom to top, the external flow along right vertical wall decreases for both uration provides the highest heat transfer. 286
250 the Re values (100 and 200). At higher Re = 200 (in Fig. 5b) vortices are
251 formed over the bottom wall of the enclosure for all three configura-
252 tions (BB, BM, and BT). When the heater is shifted to the middle of left 3.5. Effect of multi-segmented heater 287
253 wall, a vortex at the bottom of left wall (say, left-wall-bottom vortex)
254 gets formed for MB, MM, and MT combinations those become larger The impact of number of divisions of the entire heating element is 288
255 at higher value of Re. However in this case, the size of top-left corner investigated in this section considering a typical middle-middle ar- 289
256 vortices drastically reduces. Finally when heater segment on the left rangement of heater segments on both the side walls. The length of 290
257 wall is located at top (TB, TM, and TT), aforesaid left-wall-bottom vorti- each segment is taken same and it depends upon the number of seg- 291
258 ces become larger and on the contrary the corner vortices are disap- ments. Even number of segments and maximum up to ten segments 292
259 peared completely. are considered here and corresponding results are shown in Figs. 7 293
and 8. Fig. 7a indicates an interesting fact of continual enhancement in 294
260 3.4. Effect of external flow on heat transfer of bi-segmented heater heat transfer as the number of division increases. Irrespective of number 295

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of segments, the total length of heating element (as well as the cooling 296
261 The effect of external flow on heat transfer of bi-segmented heater is length) on each vertical wall remains the same (=L/2). However, the 297

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262 sought in terms of NuavgSH for all the nine positional arrangements using results reveal that more the distribution (with smaller heater segment), 298
263 different combinations of Re (=50, 100 and 200) and Ri (=1, 10 and higher the rate of heat transfer. The trends are found similar for all 299
264 100) as presented in Fig. 6. Each curve of Fig. 6 is drawn with the de- Richardson numbers (Ri = 1, 10 and 100) at each Re value. The en- 300

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265 creasing trend by sorting the heat transfers from a set of nine positional hanced heat transfer with more segments is due to the intermittent 301
266 cases. The clustering of three curves c1 − 3 or c4 − 6 at the lower part of cooling (or heat rejection to surrounding ambient) through the side 302
the figure and two curves c7 − 8 at the middle of this figure, indicates

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267 walls. To understand this feature of side cooling in depth, the heat rejec- 303
268 that the same amount of heat transfer can be achieved either by increas- tion through the side walls is plotted in Fig. 7b. It shows a higher rate of 304
269 ing Re with low Ri value or by increasing Ri with low Re value. In Fig. 6, heat rejection as the number of cold segments increases with the 305

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270 the maximum heat transfer is presented by the top curve c9 (at Re = increase in heater segments. It indicates that the distributed cooling 306
271 200 and Ri = 100) where the values of Re and Ri are the highest within with distributed heating arrangement is more effective, on the 307
272 the study range, and both the natural and forced convection play the constraints of same heating and cooling length. Thus the enhancement
D 308
273 positive role to cause higher heat transfer. is found to be 65%, 99% and 185% for four, six, and ten segmental 309
274 Regarding the positioning of heater segments, TB configuration con- heating, respectively, for Re = 200 and Ri = 10. The above values corre- 310
275 sistently provides the lowest heat transfer irrespective of any Re–Ri sponding to Re = 100 and Ri = 10 are 93%, 142% and 277%, respectively. 311
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276 combination. With respect to this (TB), when the maximum variation These values increase with lower Re and Ri values. Nuavg for multi- 312
277 in heat transfer over the all nine positional configurations is computed segmented heating is computed using Eq. (8) that sums up the heat 313
T

278 for different Re–Ri combinations as depicted in Fig. 6, the overall varia- transfers of all heater segments. Corresponding heat rejection NuavgC 314
279 tion (the difference between the maximum heat transfer and the mini- through the side walls is calculated by summing up all heat rejections 315
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280 mum heat transfer) is found to be very high. through the cold portions of side wall as shown in Fig. 7b. It is worth- 316
281 The optimal positional configuration for maximum heat transfer of mentioning here that, from the standpoint of practical application, the 317
282 bi-segmented heater strongly depends upon the flow parameters Re number of heater segments is limited. In the present work, the heater 318
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283 and Ri. For Re ≤ 100 and Ri ≤ 10, the MM configuration performs is divided up to ten parts to demonstrate the expected heat transfer 319
284 best, and it changes to MB configuration when Ri becomes 100 from different zones (heating and cooling) as shown in Fig. 7. 320
R
R
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C
N
U

Fig. 6. Positional impact on heat transfer at different Re and Ri.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018
 8 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx

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(a) Heat transfer from the heating element (b) Heat rejection through side-walls

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Fig. 7. Heat transfer from multi-segmented heating.

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321 To get insight of boundary layer formation in the presence of multi- under the mode of mixed convection. The study presents the merits of 333
322 ple segments of heating element, the isotherms and streamlines are segmental heating over the heating from a whole single heater. The in- 334

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323 presented in Fig. 8 considering four, six and ten segments. In the figure, vestigation reveals following salient observations. 335
324 the positions of heater segments are clearly marked by the localized iso-
325 therms. The thermal boundary layer becomes closer to heating and 1. Heat transfer from segmental heating is always superior to whole 336

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326 cooling surfaces along the vertical walls. However, with different num- heating either left side or right side of the enclosure. 337
327 bers of heater segments, the overall flow patterns presented by the 2. As the segments of heating element are located on both the side 338
328 streamlines are similar, except some minor changes in circulating walls, the incoming ambient air stream is divided into two parts
D 339
329 vortices. and flows over the individual heating segments located on either 340
sides of the enclosure, thus the heating surface comes into more con- 341
tact with the external flow.
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330 4. Conclusions 342
3. For a bi-segmental heating, the middle–middle configuration is found 343
331 In this work, the thermal management of heating element is ana- to be more appropriate when Re ≤ 100 and Ri ≤ 10. At Ri = 100, 344
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332 lyzed by dividing the heater into a number of identical segments middle-top configuration becomes the best irrespective of Re value. 345
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Four-segments Six-segments Ten-segments

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Fig. 8. Isotherms and streamlines for multi-segmented heaters at Re = 200 and Ri = 10.

Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
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 N. Biswas et al. / International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer xxx (2015) xxx–xxx 9

346 4. Heat transfer enhancement is found to increase with the increase in [11] P. Paranthoën, M. Gonzalez, Mixed convection in a ventilated enclosure, Int. J. Heat 386
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Please cite this article as: N. Biswas, et al., Thermal management of heating element in a ventilated enclosure, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf.
(2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2015.05.018